每天在学习的人类学 顺便把笔记整理一下 (1.10)
考试1 笔记：
hominid(原始人) bipedalism(walking on two feets) primate(灵长动物)
Human are hominids, primates, bipedal primates.
homo sapiens(智人)
ethnology(民族学)
ethnography(人种学)
archaeology(考古学)
paleoanthropology(古人类学)
physical anthropology(人类体格学)
biological anthropology(解剖学)
sociolinguistic(社会语言学)
material culture(物质文明)
forensic anthropology(法医人类学)
empirial(经验主义的)
hypothesis(假设)
fixity(稳定性)
immutabiliy(永恒性)
anthropocentric(人类本位说)
biocultural approach
in the 16th century, nicolas copernicus(哥白尼) showed that the earth not the center of universe.
carolus(伽利略) Linnaeus created a system of classification.
（代表作：MODERN ECOLOGY AND HOMO SAPIENS）
Kingdom-animalia(动物界)
phylum-chordate(脊索动物)
subphylum-vertebata(脊椎动物)
class-mammalia(哺乳类)
subclass-prototheria(原哺乳亚纲)
Infraclass-Metatheria(后哺乳下纲)
Eutheria(真兽亚纲)
primate(灵长类)
Buffon: The influence of the enviroment in change within species. （环境影响物种）
Darwin: all forms of life had evolved from a single origin.
Lamarck: the theory of acquired characterestic(后天性状： 遗传到后代的有机进化论)
Cuvier: catastrophism(灾变说)
Lyell: Principles of Geology: Uniformitarianism（均变说）
（essential of physical anthropology）
Darwin's nature selection:
1. a particular population within a species
2. biologial variation (traits which are inherited) among members of the population.
3. enviromental contest/selective agents/selective pressure
4. differential fertility（微分生育）/different rates of reproductive sucess/fitness
Primates: the group of mammals (哺乳类)that include human,ape, monkey and prosimians.
adaptive radiation(适应性扩张）
reproductive isolation mechanism(生殖隔离机制)
Thomas Malthus: Demography: population limited by food supply
Binomen=GENUS(种)+SPECIES（类）
Genus=Homo(人) Species=（现代人）
Wallace:
the geographic distribution of animals (地域划分动物) and the concept of warning colaration in animals.
Darwin: the process by individuals within a population are either favored or weeded out according to the interaction of their particular characterestics with the enviroment is refered to as natural selection.
hominid(原始人) bipedalism(walking on two feets) primate(灵长动物)
Human are hominids, primates, bipedal primates.
homo sapiens(智人)
ethnology(民族学)
ethnography(人种学)
archaeology(考古学)
paleoanthropology(古人类学)
physical anthropology(人类体格学)
biological anthropology(解剖学)
sociolinguistic(社会语言学)
material culture(物质文明)
forensic anthropology(法医人类学)
empirial(经验主义的)
hypothesis(假设)
fixity(稳定性)
immutabiliy(永恒性)
anthropocentric(人类本位说)
biocultural approach
in the 16th century, nicolas copernicus(哥白尼) showed that the earth not the center of universe.
carolus(伽利略) Linnaeus created a system of classification.
（代表作：MODERN ECOLOGY AND HOMO SAPIENS）
Kingdom-animalia(动物界)
phylum-chordate(脊索动物)
subphylum-vertebata(脊椎动物)
class-mammalia(哺乳类)
subclass-prototheria(原哺乳亚纲)
Infraclass-Metatheria(后哺乳下纲)
Eutheria(真兽亚纲)
primate(灵长类)
Buffon: The influence of the enviroment in change within species. （环境影响物种）
Darwin: all forms of life had evolved from a single origin.
Lamarck: the theory of acquired characterestic(后天性状： 遗传到后代的有机进化论)
Cuvier: catastrophism(灾变说)
Lyell: Principles of Geology: Uniformitarianism（均变说）
（essential of physical anthropology）
Darwin's nature selection:
1. a particular population within a species
2. biologial variation (traits which are inherited) among members of the population.
3. enviromental contest/selective agents/selective pressure
4. differential fertility（微分生育）/different rates of reproductive sucess/fitness
Primates: the group of mammals (哺乳类)that include human,ape, monkey and prosimians.
adaptive radiation(适应性扩张）
reproductive isolation mechanism(生殖隔离机制)
Thomas Malthus: Demography: population limited by food supply
Binomen=GENUS(种)+SPECIES（类）
Genus=Homo(人) Species=（现代人）
Wallace:
the geographic distribution of animals (地域划分动物) and the concept of warning colaration in animals.
Darwin: the process by individuals within a population are either favored or weeded out according to the interaction of their particular characterestics with the enviroment is refered to as natural selection.
