波普尔英文摘引及中文对照(未完成)

http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Karl_Popper PS:你们怎么都不说话…… Karl Popper From Wikiquote Sir Karl Raimund Popper (28 July 1902 – 17 September 1994) Austrian-born British philosopher of science. Contents * 1 Sourced o 1.1 The Open Society and Its Enemies (1945) o 1.2 Utopia and Violence (1947) o 1.3 On Freedom (1958) o 1.4 Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge (1963) o 1.5 Unended Quest: An Intellectual Autobiography (1976) o 1.6 In Search of a Better World (1994) * 2 Unsourced * 3 Misattributed * 4 External links 卡尔·波普尔 来自WiKiquote 卡尔·雷蒙德·波普尔爵士(1902年7月28日—1994年9月17日) 生于奥地利的英国科学哲学家 目录 * 1 有典据的 o 1.1 开放社会及其敌人(1945) o 1.2 乌托邦与暴力 (1947) o 1.3 On Freedom (1958) o 1.4 猜想与反驳：科学知识的增长 (1963) o 1.5 无尽的探索——卡尔·波普尔自传 (1976) o 1.6 In Search of a Better World (1994) * 2 无典据的 * 3 误传的 * 4 外部链接 Sourced 有典据的 —————————————————— * No matter how many instances of white swans we may have observed, this does not justify the conclusion that all swans are white. o The Logic of Scientific Discovery (1934) translated into English in 1959. * 不管我们已经观察到多少只白天鹅，也不能证明这样的结论；所有天鹅都是白的。 o 科学发现的逻辑 (1934) * A principle of induction would be a statement with the help of which we could put inductive inferences into a logically acceptable form. In the eyes of the upholders of inductive logic, a principle of induction is of supreme importance for scientific method: "... this principle", says Reichenbach, "determines the truth of scientific theories. To eliminate it from science would mean nothing less than to deprive science of the power to decide the truth or falsity of its theories. Without it, clearly, science would no longer have the right to distinguish its theories from the fanciful and arbitrary creations of the poet's mind." Now this principle of induction cannot be a purely logical truth like a tautology or an analytic statement. Indeed, if there were such a thing as a purely logical principle of induction, there would be no problem of induction; for in this case, all inductive inferences would have to be regarded as purely logical or tautological transformations, just like inferences in inductive logic. Thus the principle of induction must be a synthetic statement; that is, a statement whose negation is not self-contradictory but logically possible. So the question arises why such a principle should be accepted at all, and how we can justify its acceptance on rational grounds. o The Logic of Scientific Discovery (1934) * 归纳原理是我们借以能把归纳推理纳入逻辑上可接受的形式中去的陈述。在归纳逻辑拥护者的眼里，归纳原理对科学方法来说是极重要的。Reichenbach 说：“……这个原理决定科学理论的其理性。从科学中排除这个原理就等于剥夺了科学决定其理论的真伪的能力。显然，没有这个原理，科学就不再有权利将它的理论和诗人的幻想的、任意的创作区别开来了。” 这个归纳原理不可能是如重言式或分析陈述那样的纯逻辑真理。的确，假如有什么纯逻辑的归纳原理的话，就不会有归纳问题了。因为在这种情况下，所有的归纳推理就必须被看作纯逻辑的或重言的变形，就和演绎逻辑的推理一样。因此，归纳原理必须是一个综合陈述；就是说，这种陈述的否定并不自相矛盾，而在逻辑上是可能的。所以，问题发生了：为什么我们必须接受这样一个原理呢？我们根据理性的理由如何能证明接受它是正确的呢？ o 科学发现的逻辑 (1934) * You can choose whatever name you like for the two types of government. I personally call the type of government which can be removed without violence "democracy", and the other "tyranny". o As quoted in Freedom: A New Analysis (1954) by Maurice William Cranston, p. 112 * 你可以随意选择你喜欢的名字来称呼这两种类型的政府。我个人把不用暴力就可以推翻的政府类型称为“民主的”，而把另一种称为“专制的”。 o 由Maurice William Cranston在《Freedom: A New Analysis》 (1954)中引用，112页 * Piecemeal social engineering resembles physical engineering in regarding the ends as beyond the province of technology. (All that technology may say about ends is whether or not they are compatible with each other or realizable.) o The Poverty of Historicism (1957) Ch. 22 The Unholy Alliance with Utopianism * 渐进社会工程和自然工程一样，都把目的置于技术领域之外。（技术之对待各种目的，只是看它们是否彼此相容或能否实现而已。） o 历史决定论的贫困 (1957) 21．渐进工程与乌托邦工程的对立 * If we are uncritical we shall always find what we want: we shall look for, and find, confirmations, and we shall look away from, and not see, whatever might be dangerous to our pet theories. In this way it is only too easy to obtain what appears to be overwhelming evidence in favor of a theory which, if approached critically, would have been refuted. o The Poverty of Historicism (1957) Ch. 29 The Unity of Method * 如果我们缺乏批判的态度，我们总会发现我们所希望的事情。我们将寻求和找寻证实，我们将忽视和无视可能危及我们心爱的理论的情况。在这种情况下，获得了看来是支持某个理论的重大证据是太容易了：如果我们采取批判态度的话，这个理论也许本来会被反驳。 o 历史决定论的贫困 (1957) 29．方法的统一性