社员翻译|威廉·李卜克内西《“蜘蛛”和“苍蝇”》

The Spider and the Fly

“蜘蛛”和“苍蝇”

译者： 糠友154596647

You all know him, that pot-bellied insect with the hairy sticky body, who lurks in dark places, as far as possible from the light of day, and spins his deadly web in which the poor careless or thoughtless Fly is caught and killed. That ugly monster with round glassy eyes and crooked spindly forelegs so handy for seizing and choking his victim is the Spider.

你们都知道它，那种浑身毛茸茸的大肚子昆虫，它潜伏在黑暗的地方，尽量远离日光，并编织它那张致命的网，可怜的粗心大意的苍蝇就会被网住并被杀死。那个长着圆圆的玻璃般的眼睛和弯弯的细长前肢的丑陋怪物，能够很容易抓到和掐住受害者的脖子，它就是蜘蛛。

There he is, cold and still, lying in his corner, or fiendishly weaving his deadly thread to trap and truss the feeble Fly without compunction. The repulsive creature takes pains, often-infinite pains, to perfect his web down to the last thread, so that his prey shall never escape. He will first spin one thread, then two and three – and more and more. He crosses and recrosses the threads so that even in their death throes his victims will not tear the web or scarcely make it quiver.

它躺在角落里，冷酷地，静静地，或者邪恶地编织着它那致命的线，以便毫不留情地把脆弱的苍蝇困住并捆绑起来。个令人厌恶的生物费尽心思，常常是无穷无尽的心思，来完善它的网，直到最后一根线，使它的猎物永远无法逃脱。它先是纺一根线，然后是两根、三根... ...还有更多更多的线。它把线一遍遍交叉，所以即使受害者在死亡的剧痛中也无法撕开罗网，或几乎不会让它颤抖。

At last the web is ready, the trap is set, there is no escape – the Spider retreats into his lair and waits for an artless Fly, impelled by hunger, to approach in search of food.

最后，网终于准备好了，陷阱也设好了，没有逃脱之路——蜘蛛退到自己的巢穴里，等待一只单纯的苍蝇，在饥饿的驱使下，靠近寻找食物。

He does not have to wait long until the Fly comes by. And as the poor thing is looking here and there, she runs right into the outstretched threads, is terrified, gets tangled up, tries to hold on, and that is the end.

苍蝇过来的时间它不需要等待太久。而这个可怜的东西正在这里找找，那里寻寻，它正好撞上了伸出的线头，被吓坏了，被缠住了，想要抓紧什么，而这就成了终点。

As soon as the Spider sees his victim caught, he leaves his hide-out and slowly advances towards his prey with hungry eyes and grasping tentacles. There is no need to hurry, the awful creature knows full well that once caught the luckless insect cannot escape. He comes nearer and nearer, sizes up his victim with his bulging lackluster eyes and drives it mad. The Fly is atremble with fear as she sees the looming danger, tries to break free from the sticky threads, tries hard to escape, and is exhausting herself in her desperate attempts.

蜘蛛一看到受害者被抓住，就会离开藏身之处，用饥饿的眼神和贪婪的触角慢慢向猎物前进。不必着急，这只可怕的生物很清楚，一旦被抓住，这只倒霉的昆虫就绝无法逃脱。它越走越近，用它那鼓鼓的眼睛打量着它的受害者，并把它逼疯。苍蝇看到迫在眉睫的危险，惊恐万分，试图从粘稠的丝线中挣脱出来，努力地想要逃脱，在拼尽全力的尝试中，它已经筋疲力尽。

But her efforts are wasted, her exertions in vain. She gets more and more entangled in the web, and the Spider comes closer and closer. She finds herself entwined by more and more threads, enmeshed in more and more nets with every movement she makes to extricate herself from the cobweb, whose slender yet so effective meshes have trapped her. Finally, breathless and exhausted, all resistance gone, she is at the mercy of her enemy, her conqueror, the horrible Spider!

但它的努力和力气都白费了。它越来越被网缠住，蜘蛛也越来越近。它的每一个动作都想要把自己从蜘蛛网中解救出来，而它发现自己被越来越多的线缠绕着，卷入越来越多的网中，蛛网细长却又如此有效的网眼把它困住了。最后，它气喘吁吁，精疲力竭，所有的抵抗都停止了，它任由它的敌人，它的征服者，可怕的蜘蛛来摆布！

Then the awful creature reaches out his hairy tentacles, seizes and locks the Fly in his deadly embrace. Next, he begins to bite the trembling body of his feeble prey, once, twice, thrice, any number of times, all depending on his lust and appetite. When he has for the moment quenched his thirst for blood, he leaves her half-dead. Then he comes back and sucks once more; he goes back and forth until the luckless Fly is fully devoured, until he has drained her body of all blood and nourishing juices. And it takes a long, often a very long time, before the poor insect is quite dead.

然后，可怕的生物伸出它的毛茸茸的触手，抓住了苍蝇，把它锁在它致命的怀抱里。接着，它开始咬住它虚弱的猎物颤抖的身体，一次，两次，三次，随便的咬，全凭它的欲望和胃口。当它暂时满足了对血的渴望后，它已让苍蝇半死不活。之后它又回来了，再次吸食；它来来回回地吸，直到把这只倒霉的苍蝇 完全吞噬，直到吸干了它身上所有的血液和有营养的汁液。而这需要很长的时间，往往是非常长的时间，可怜的昆虫才会完全死去。

The bloodthirsty vampire will not give up as long as he can detect a flicker of life in his victim’s body. He inhales her life, saps her strength, drinks her blood, and only lets her alone when nothing, nothing at all is left to take.

嗜血的吸血鬼不会放弃，只要它能察觉到受害者身体里有一丝生命的迹象。它吸食它的生命，消耗它的力量，喝它的血，只有当什么都没有，什么都拿不走的时候，才让它独自待着。

The poor dead Fly, sucked dry and lighter than a feather, is then cast from the web. The first gust of wind carries her off and all is over.

这只可怜的死苍蝇，被吸干了，比羽毛还轻，然后被从网中抛出。一阵风就把它吹走了，一切都结束了。

The Spider, however, returns to his lair, sated and content; he is pleased with himself and the world, happy in the knowledge that decent people are still able to get on in the world.

然而，蜘蛛回到了它的巢穴，吃饱了，满足了；它对自己和这个世界都很满意，为知道体面人们还能在这个世界上混得不错而高兴。

You, workers of town and country, are the Fly that is sucked dry and killed, the Fly that is devoured and on whose blood others live! You oppressed peoples, you intellectuals, you industrial workers, you trembling young maidens and weak downtrodden women who dare not stand up for your rights, you luckless victims of the war lords, in a word, all of you who are poor and exploited, you who are thrown out when nothing is left to suck from your veins, you who are the producers of all wealth, the heart, the brain, the vital force of the nation, and you who are granted nothing but the right obediently and quietly to die a miserable death in some corner, while your blood, your sweat, your toil, your thoughts, your life are used to make big and strong those who are your bosses and oppressors: the repulsive Spiders.

你们，城镇与乡村的工人们，是那只被吸干杀死的苍蝇，是被吃干抹净的苍蝇，别人靠你们的血而得以存活！你们这些被压迫的人民，你们这些知识分子，你们这些产业工人，你们这些战栗的年轻姑娘和弱小的不敢声张自己权利的受欺压的妇女，你们这些不幸的军阀的受害者，一句话，你们这所有的贫穷和被剥削的人，你们这所有血管里没有东西可被吮吸就会被抛弃的人。你们是一切财富的生产者，是国家的心脏、大脑和生命力，而你们什么也没有得到，只有顺从、安静地在某个角落悲惨地死去的权利，而你们的鲜血、汗水、辛劳、想法、生命却被用来做大做强那些你们的老板和压迫者：那些令人厌恶的 “蜘蛛”。

The Spider is the boss, the moneybags, the exploiter, the speculator, the capitalist, the seducer, the high clergy, the parasite of every sort, the despot under whom we suffer, the maker of the bad, oppressive laws, the tyrant that enslaves us. The Spider is everyone who lives at the people’s expense, who tramples us underfoot, who scoffs at our suffering and our vain efforts.

蜘蛛是老板，是老财，是剥削者，是投机者，是资本家，是引诱者，是高级神职人员，是各种各样的寄生虫，是使我们受苦的暴君，是邪恶的、压迫人的法律的制造者，是奴役我们的暴君。蜘蛛是那些以人民为代价来生活的人，那些把我们踩在脚下的人，那些嘲笑我们的苦难和徒劳的努力的人。

The Fly is the poor worker who has to submit to all the draconic laws the employer may wish to pass, because the unfortunate man is without means and has to provide for himself and his family. The Spider is the big factory-owner who earns 6 to 8 marks a day on each of his workers, yet dares, nay condescends, mercifully to allow them a starvation wage of 2 to 3 marks for 12 to 14 hours of work.

苍蝇是可怜的工人，他们必须服从雇主希望通过的一切严刑峻法，因为这个不幸的人没有经济来源，而必须养活自己和家人。蜘蛛是工厂的大老板，他每天可以从每个工人身上赚到6到8马克，但他却竟敢，不，是屈尊，仁慈的允许他们从12至14小时的工作中获得2至3马克不足温饱的工资。

The Fly is the miner who sacrifices his life in the foul air of the pit to extract from the earth treasures he is not to enjoy; the Spider is Mr. Shareholder whose shares double and treble in value, yet who is never satisfied, who wants even higher dividends, who robs the workers of the fruits of their labor, and who, should they dare to demand even the slightest wage increase, calls in the army to give the “mutineers” a taste of shot.

苍蝇是矿工，他在矿坑的污浊空气中牺牲自己的生命，从地里挖出他不能享受的宝藏；蜘蛛是股东先生，他的股票价值翻了一番又翻了三番，但他永远不满足，他想要更高的分红，他掠夺工人们的劳动成果，如果他们敢于要求哪怕是最轻微的加薪，他就召集军队让“反叛者”尝尝铁花生的滋味。

The Fly is the child who at the most tender age has to slave in the factory and workshop, and at home, to help make ends meet; the Spider is not the poor parents whom want compels to sacrifice their children; it is today’s vile conditions which make an iron rule of these perversions of natural feelings, this destruction of one’s own family.

苍蝇是在最幼小的时候就不得不在工厂和作坊以及家里做奴隶，以帮助维持生计的孩子；蜘蛛并不是那些被迫想要牺牲孩子的可怜父母；正是当今恶劣的环境，竟使人对自然感情的这种反常行为，即对自己家庭的这种破坏，成了铁一样的规律。

The Fly is the respectable daughter of the people, who seeks to earn an honest living, but cannot find work if she does not submit to the lustful desires of the factory boss or director, who abuses her, and later – often with a child on the way – heartlessly and callously throws her out to avoid a “scandal.” The Spider is the young fop, the idle loafer of a “good” family, who gaily seduces innocent maidens and drags them down to the gutter, who considers it an honor to have dishonored as many young women as possible.

苍蝇是值得尊敬的人民的女儿，她努力想过上诚实的生活，但如果她不屈从于工厂老板或厂长的淫欲，就无法找到工作。老板或厂长虐待她，之后又冷酷无情地把她赶出去——通常被赶走时还带着一个孩子——以避免“丑闻”。蜘蛛是年轻的纨绔子弟，一个“好”家庭的闲散人员，他兴高采烈地勾引无辜的少女，并把她们拖到阴沟里去，他认为把尽可能多的年轻妇女玷污是一种荣誉。

The Fly is you, hard-working ploughman, you who tills the soil for the rich landowner, who sows the grain you do not reap, who grows the food you do not taste. The Spider is the land baron who makes his poor tenants, serfs and day-laborers work without a moment’s respite, so that he himself can lead a life of idleness, ease and splendor, the land baron who raises rents every year and depresses the price of honest work.

苍蝇是你，勤劳的耕耘者，是你为富有的地主耕耘土壤，是你播种了你没有收获的粮食，是你种植了你没有品尝到的食物。蜘蛛是让穷苦的佃户、农奴和日工一刻也不休息地工作，让他自己过上闲适、安逸、豪华生活的地主，是年年加租，压低诚实劳动价格的地主老财。

The Fly is all of us poor and simple people, who have for ages trembled on the altar steps, who have bowed to the clerical curse, who have fought and enslaved one another for the greater glory and amusement of the Church, who have bent our backs and knees, who have let our oppressors enjoy the fruits of their injustice, because we were spiritually crippled by the enervating influence of their religious teaching. The Spider is the black-frocked priest with his hypocritical and lustful look, who befuddles the simple minds of his flock with his degrading teaching and cultivates a spirit of submissiveness and servitude, which poisons souls and ruins whole nations, as in the case of Poland.

苍蝇是我们所有贫穷而朴素的人，他们千百年来在祭坛台阶上颤抖，向教廷的诅咒低头，为了教会更大的荣耀和娱乐而互相争斗和奴役对方，我们弯腰屈膝，让我们的压迫者享受他们不公正的果实，因为我们在精神上被他们的宗教教义的毒害影响所残害。蜘蛛就是那个长着黑发的牧师，他的样子虚伪而淫荡，他用他下作的教义迷惑他的羊群的简单心灵，培养一种顺从和奴役的精神，这种精神毒害灵魂，毁掉整个国家，就像波兰的情况一样。

In a word, the Fly is the oppressed, the enslaved, the exploited, while the Spider is the vile speculator or lawless despot by whatever name he goes.

一句话，“苍蝇”是被压迫者、被奴役者、被剥削者，而“蜘蛛”则是卑鄙的投机者或无法无天的暴君，不管他叫什么名字。

The Spider once used to spin his web from the big castles and manors, today he prefers to establish himself in the big industrial centers, in the rich quarters of the blessed of our time. You find him mostly in the factory towns, though he also nests in the country and in the small towns, he is wherever exploitation flourishes, wherever the worker, the propertyless proletarian, the small craftsman, the day-laborer and the debt-burdened small peasant are mercilessly exposed to the unbridled greed of speculators.

“蜘蛛”曾经在大城堡和庄园里织网，现在它更喜欢在大工业中心，在我们这个时代的富人区安家落户。你会发现他主要是在工厂城镇，尽管他也在乡村和小城镇筑巢。他在剥削繁重的地方，在工人、无财产的无产阶级、小手工业者、日结工和负债的小农都被无情的暴露在投机者肆无忌惮的贪婪的地方。

Wherever it may be, in town or country, you will see the poor insects vainly struggling in the web of their enemies; you will see them tiring themselves out, drying up and dying.

无论在哪里，无论在城市还是乡村，你都会看到可怜的昆虫在敌人的网中徒劳地挣扎；你会看到它们疲惫不堪，干枯而死。

What terrible tragedies have been enacted over the centuries in this battle between the weak and timid Fly and the cruel and bloodthirsty Spider! It is a monstrous tale of woe. So why tell it again? What’s past is past, let us speak of the present and the future.

几百年来，在这弱小胆小的“苍蝇”和残忍嗜血的“蜘蛛”之间的斗争中，上演了多少可怕的悲剧啊！这是一个可怕的悲惨故事。为什么还要再讲一遍呢？过去的都过去了，让我们谈谈现在和将来吧。

Let us take a closer look at today’s struggle between the Spider and the Fly, let us be aware of the situation as it is, let us Flies realise exactly what traps our enemies are again laying for us, let us see through their tricks and, above all, let us be united, we, who alone are too weak to break the webs that entangle us. Let us break the chains that fetter us, let us drive our enemies from their hide-outs, let us throw the bright light of reason everywhere, so that never again will the vile creature be able to do his murderous handiwork in the dark!

让我们仔细看看今天“蜘蛛”和“苍蝇”之间的斗争，让我们认清形势的现状，让我们“苍蝇”意识到敌人究竟又在为我们布下了怎样的陷阱，让我们看穿他们的伎俩，最重要的是，让我们团结起来，我们，我们独自都太弱小了，无法打破缠绕我们的网。让我们打破束缚我们的枷锁，让我们把敌人从藏身之处赶出来，让我们把理性的光亮投射到各处，让那个卑鄙的生物再也无法在黑暗中干出他的凶残的勾当！

Oh Flies, if you wanted to, if you really wanted to, you could be invincible! True, the Spiders are still strong today, but they are few. Even if you Flies are quite insignificant and without influence, your numbers are legion, you are life itself, you are the world – if you really wanted to. If you only united, you would at one blow of your wings tear apart all the threads, sweep away all the cobwebs that ensnare you today, that make you writhe and die of starvation. You could banish poverty and slavery – if you really wanted to.

哦，“苍蝇”，如果你们想，如果你们真的想，你们可以不可战胜！诚然，如今 “蜘蛛”的实力依然强大，但它们已经很少了。即使你们“苍蝇”很微不足道，没有影响力，但你们的数量是庞大的，你们就是生命本身，你们就是世界——如果你们真的想。如果你们团结起来，你们就会一鼓作气，撕开所有的线，扫除所有今天困住你们的蛛网，让你们在饥饿中挣扎和死亡的网。你们可以放逐贫穷和奴役——如果你们真的想的话。

So learn to want!

所以，学会渴望吧！

Source: Progress Publishers, 1972.

Translated: From the German by Dom Danemanis.

HTML Markup: Sally Ryan for marxists.org in December, 2001.

Proofreading: Einde O’Callaghan (January 2011).

Note: this pamphlet by Liebknecht was written for German workers but is based on a well-known children’s story. His tale of the exploiting spider and exploited fly is written at a level that older children can handle. For more about him see Liebknecht’s biographical sketch.