带薪学习 | 适合上班期间的英语练习
来自：克鲁克鲁
组长
2024-10-10 17:57:04
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上海
我读书时期英语就有点学不好，毕业一直想学好英语，断断续续背单词然后放弃。
然后想学好的心一直没放弃，刷到自媒体相关学英语都会关注，然后就没有然后了。
因为我在时间分配上一直有个占据所有空闲时间的爱好就是看网文。（网文看不完根本看不完😂，一方面逃避现实难以解决的未来问题，一方面能很快打发当下的时间。）
下班时间难以自控先不提了，我争取上班时间再利用一下吧。
本人工作倒是跟英语能力没有进一步要求。不过公司有一个外国人，有时候听到她跟我对面的hr进行英语交谈会凑齐耳朵试图听听，对英语沟通能力流畅的人会心生羡慕，外加公司业务新增出海业务方向，出海也是高频热词了，虽然目前和我不相关，但就又对学英语的心死灰复燃了点。
上面这个网站适合上班党对着电脑操作，不是纯背单词那么无聊，里面有一些英语短文章，耳机一插可以听文章，也可以跟着打字听练。每个月免费3篇文章额度，对入门级以及有拖延症的人免费的额度就够用了。上班期间一个月能把 3 篇文章听熟我觉得已经算初步的成功了。
上个月我试了上班听练3 篇，但没做到耳熟能详。新的月份试了，会清除上个月的3篇免费额度，反正现阶段学习不付费也够用了。
大家有啥英语学习方法也能分享分享。
本帖会长期更新上班期间练习英语进度。
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2024.11.1更新
因为发现每篇文章里生词还蛮多，找了下想要能自建生词本的 app。（好多app 是只能先选中某本固定的什么四级六级 XX 词本，然后再在里面学习单词的时候）
有个墨墨背单词app有个云词库，但是第一天登录只能新建一个单词，需要设置更多需要提升等级（签到几天或者付费），暂时就放弃了。
又找了下网友评论，发现适合上班在电脑上操作的生词本，是【欧路词典】。保留屏幕录像权限开启，直接在网页操作选中单词会出现浮标工具栏，点击翻译然后点收藏五角星（或者偏好设置里设置取词-找到单词后自动加入生词本，可以省都重复操作），就会自动加入到我的生词本。然后还能把自己的生词本导出，带简要解释/复杂解释导出Excel或者网页展示都可以。
____11.6更新
发现【欧路词典】也有手机 app，同一个账号电脑上创建生词本会同步在手机上也可以复习！！
推荐给想自己创建生词本的人！
——11.22 更新
有些人这个网站地址打不开，我这是mac电脑，在 app store上搜到【每日英语听力】，在电脑上也能安装打开【每日英语听力】，免费的听力素材也挺多的，可以摸鱼听听练练。手机上也有app可以同步。
——2025.2.5 更新
春节前这个帖子收到了https://www.learmonade.cn 网站开发人员的私信，送了我三个月的免费会员！感恩！年后开工第一天用上了！
反思了下，从我发帖子到现在也快四个月了，排除掉周末，排除掉工作忙的时候，排除掉拖延症发作的时候，零零散散也有至少俩月时间。英语的能力有提高么，好像不太能直接量化效果。词汇量至少比之前提高了点，日常保持了背单词/眼熟单词的习惯，忘了背背了忘，来来回回当脑力训练了。
接下来想想怎么利用这三个月的免费会员时间学习能量化一下结果。
——2025.2.28 更新
2 月断断续续保持了绝大多数工作日都有在听听力，复盘一下最近的学习经验。
基本上班听https://www.learmonade.cn/在线网站，我会开一个单独的石墨文档，听力素材会按每天集中更新在那个文档里，先【阅读模式】把整篇英文材料复制在文档里，但也没先看英文素材本身了，为了省时间【打字模式】基本不用了，就是用【听写模式】，按句反复多遍，把能听清的写下来，然后再怎么也听不清写不下更多的时候，比照石墨文档里的那句原文位置再听几遍，生词就用【欧路词典】存在生词本。（目前一般花 1h 到 2h 就是极限了）
听力的话一方面是连读听不清，另一方面就是单词能看懂但一下子听不懂反应不过来，不过听多了隐约有点感觉，所以接下来背单词会从读出来听清这方面顺带了再记忆一轮。
关于背单词的工具，【欧路词典】在电脑上还挺好用，手机端的【欧路词典】倒是无法让我天天打开背单词，试了很多的单词软件（不背、墨墨、沪江啥的），目前能让我保持100 天无痛坚持的是——【奶酪单词】 APP。（之前好久没背单词，我直接从小学英语单词本背的——主要是积极启动的成就感！对我还蛮有用，现在背到雅思两千多多核心词汇都粗糙地过完第一遍了！）之前没背单词前欧路词典测测词汇量三千多，现在欧路词典测词汇量七千多了。（虽然不完全准确，但咱这个词汇量趋势是上升了。）
因为我有天天做手机游戏日常的习惯，刻进DNA了，不用额外花费意志力保持这个习惯，【奶酪单词】这个app画风和颜色很可爱活泼，它内嵌一个“养仓鼠”机制，虽然我不玩那个养仓鼠机制，但它对我而言就像打开另一个“游戏”，背单词任务就是这个游戏的日常，我把【奶酪单词】和我每天要清日常的游戏放在同一屏，每天这一屏“游戏”通通要点一遍，这样反而丝滑坚持了下来。
除此之外，娱乐方面，有时候刷 B 站我会看看小猪佩奇英文版，之前一季都没看过，现在当英语材料娱乐了听听看看，确实蛮童真蛮好看的。还有小红书刷到那种中国人和外国人尬聊的视频，我都会关注了看看，很羡慕憧憬这些国人up主英文骂人都比我中文骂人的速度还溜，这时候就给学习动力目标充电了一波。
之前推的上面的【每日英语听力】我倒是没怎么用了，发现学习就是得找自己感兴趣不用过多消耗意志力能打开的网站或者软件比较适合。有些英语工具别人推荐了，但不用全盘接收，可以自己先试试，试到符合自己【意志力最低耗能】使用和特别感兴趣的英语工具材料就行，以及接受计划的不完美执行。
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克鲁克鲁 组长 楼主 2024-10-11 16:18:27 上海
2024.10.10 靠翻译把文章粗浅地看了一遍，我把原文贴一下，有兴趣的可以自己对着文章看看，检测检测自己英语水平。 《3 tips on how to study effectively》 During their training, medical residents learn countless techniques, surgeries, and procedures which they'll later use to save lives. Being able to remember these skills can quite literally be a matter of life and death. With this in mind, a 2006 research study took a class of surgical residents learning to suture arteries and split them into two groups. Each received the same study materials, but one group implemented a small change in how they studied them. And when tested one month later, this group performed the surgeries significantly better than the other residents. We'll discuss the secret to that group's success, along with two other highly effective study techniques which can be applied both in and out of the classroom. But to understand why these methods work, let's first unpack how the brain learns and stores information. Say you're trying to memorize the anatomy of the heart. When you're introduced to a new concept, the memory is temporarily encoded in groups of neurons in a brain area called the hippocampus. As you continue to learn about workings of the heart in class or study its chambers for an exam, you reactivate these same neurons. This repeated firing strengthens the connections between the cells, stabilizing the memory. Gradually, the knowledge of heart anatomy is stored long-term, which involves another brain area known as the neocortex. How information is transferred from short-term to long-term storage is still not completely understood, but it's thought to happen in between study sessions and perhaps most crucially during sleep. Here the new knowledge is integrated with other related concepts you already know, such as how to measure heart rate, or the anatomy of other organs. And the process doesn't end there. Each time you recall heart anatomy, you reactivate the long-term memory, which makes it susceptible to change. The knowledge can be updated, strengthened, and reintegrated with other pieces of information. This is where our first study technique comes in. Testing yourself with flashcards and quizzes, forces you to actively retrieve knowledge, which updates and strengthens the memory. Students often prefer other study methods, like rereading textbooks and highlighting notes. But these practices can generate a false sense of competence, since the information is right in front of you. Testing yourself, however, allows you to more accurately gauge what you actually know. But what if, while doing this, you can't remember the answers? Not to worry-- making mistakes can actually improve learning in the long term. It's theorized that as you rack your brain for the answer, you activate relevant pieces of knowledge. Then, when the correct answer is later revealed, the brain can better integrate this information with what you already know. Our second technique builds on the first. When using flashcards to study, it's best to mix the deck with multiple subjects. Interleaving, or mixing the concepts you focus on in a single session, can lead to better retention than practicing a single skill or topic at a time. One hypothesis of why this works is that, similar to testing, cycling through different subjects forces your brain to temporarily forget, then retrieve information, further strengthening the memory. You may also find connections across the topics, and better understand their differences. Now that you know how and what to study, our final technique concerns when. Spacing your review across multiple days allows for rest and sleep between sessions. While "offline," the brain is actively at work, storing and integrating knowledge in the neocortex. So while cramming the night before the exam may seem logical-- after all, won't the material be fresh in your mind?-- the information won't stick around for the long term. This brings us back to our medical residents. Both groups studied the surgery for the same amount of time. Yet one group's training was crammed in a single day, while the other more successful group's training was spread over four weeks. The reason all three of these study techniques work is because they're designed with the brain in mind. They complement and reinforce the incredible way the brain works, sorting through and storing the abundance of information it's fed day after day.
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克鲁克鲁 组长 楼主 2024-10-11 16:25:21 上海
2024.10.11 把文章里第一眼认不出意思的单词又对着翻译筛出来罗列下。上班期间也不能那纸笔划拉加强记忆，纯对着电脑屏幕记一遍还是有点费劲的。
medical residents 住院医师 surgery 外科手术 literally adv.按字面; 简直; 字面上; 真正地，确实地 surgical resident 外科住院医师 suture arteries 缝合动脉 implement vt.实施; 执行; 贯彻; 使生效 n.工具; 器具; (常指)简单的户外用具 performed v.执行; 工作，运转(好 / 不好); 履行; 表演; 演出; 做 significantly 明显地; apply v.应用; (通常以书面形式)申请，请求; 使用; 涂; 施; 敷 adj.应用的; 实用的 unpack v.打开; 从(箱、包等中)取出; 分析; 剖析; 打开(箱、包等)取 anatomy of the heart 心脏解剖学 temporarily 暂时 encoded 编码 neuron 神经元 hippocampus 海马体 chamber n.(作特定用途的)房间，室; 会议厅; (议会的)议院;腔室 exam 考试 firie n.发射; 射击; 解雇; 开火; 开枪; 开炮 v.射击; 开火; 开枪; 射(箭); 射出(子弹) strengthen .加强; 增强; 巩固 cell 细胞 stabilize 稳定，稳固 neocortex 新皮层 integrate 整合 concept 概念 measure 测量 organ 器官 recall 召回 reactivate 重新激活 susceptible adj.易受影响; 可能…的; 可以…的; 过敏; 敏感; 容许…的; 善感的; 感情丰富的; 好动感情的 reintegrated 重返社会 flashcard n.教学卡片; 识字卡 quiz 小测验 force 强迫 retrieve 检索 generate 生成 a false sense of competence 错误的能力感 accurately gauge 精确测量 theorize 理论化 rack n.支架; 架子; (旧时的)拉肢刑具; (羊、猪等带前肋的)颈脊肉; （机器的）齿条，齿轨 vt.使痛苦不堪; 使受折磨 activate relevant pieces of knowledge激活相关知识 correct 对的 reveal v.揭示; 显示; 透露; 展示; 露出; 显出 mix the deck with multiple subjects 将多个主题混合在一起 Interleaving 交织 session n.会议，会期; 开庭，开庭期; 一场; 一节; 一段时间; 学年; 演奏会 retention n.保留; 保持; (液体、热量等的)保持，阻滞; 维持; 记忆力; 记性 hypothesis 假设 concerns 关注 space n.(空间)间隔; (尤指)字距，行距 cramming exam 填鸭式考试 logical 符合逻辑的 stick 粘贴 cram adj.塞满的; 挤满的; 拥挤不堪 v.把…塞进; 塞满; 挤满; (为应考)临时死记硬背 complement 补充 reinforce 加强 incredible adj.难以置信的; 极大的; 极好的; 不能相信的 sort排序 through通过 abundance 丰度 day after day 日复一日
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克鲁克鲁 组长 楼主 2024-10-12 18:23:14 上海
2024.10.12 今天用那个听写网站依然是对着《3 tips on how to study effectively》这篇文章较劲。 逐句的反复精听，之前看过大概的粗糙翻译了。 对着每句一边反复听力听几遍，一边再自己先对着英文翻译中文，再对着翻译网站矫正下，机翻可能也不完全精准吧，反正也是加强记忆的一天。 文章复习进度是 43%。
《3 tips on how to study effectively》 《如何有效学习的3个技巧》 During their training, medical residents learn countless techniques, surgeries, and procedures which they'll later use to save lives. 在培训期间，住院医师学习了无数的技术，手术，程序，他们以后将用这些来拯救生命。 Being able to remember these skills can quite literally be a matter of life and death. 能够记住这些技能实际上是生死攸关的问题。 With this in mind, a 2006 research study took a class of surgical residents learning to suture arteries and split them in two groups. 考虑到这一点，2006 一项研究对一类学习缝合动脉的外科住院医师进行研究，并把他们分为两类。 Each received the same study materials ,but one group implemented a small change in how they studied them. 两组收到相同的学习材料，但是其中一组在如何学习这块实施了一点小小的改变。 And when tested one month later,this group performed the surgeries significantly better than the other residents. 当一个月后测试，这组手术表现明显比另外一组医师更好。 We’ll discuss the secret to that group's success,along with two other highly effective study techniques which can be applied both in and out of the classroom. 我们将讨论这组成功的秘诀，以及另外两种可以运用于课堂内外更高效的学习技巧。 But to understand why these methods work, let's first unpack how the brain learns and stores infomation. 但是要理解为什么这些方法有效，让我们先来剖析一下大脑是如何学习以及存储信息的。 Say you're trying to memorize the anatomy of the heart. 假设你正试图记住心脏的解剖结构。 When you're introduced to a new concept,the memory is temporarily encoded in groups of neurons in a brain area called the hippocampus. 当你被介绍到一个新概念，记忆正暂时被编码在大脑里叫海马体的神经元群里。 As you continue to learn about workings of the heart in class or study its chambers for an exam,you reactivate these same neurons. 当你继续在课堂学习心脏的工作原理或者研究它的腔室备考时，你会重新刺激这些相同的神经元。 This repeated firing strengthens the connections between the cells,stabilizing the memory. 这种重复的信号加强了细胞之间的联系，稳固了记忆。 Gradually, the knowledge of heart anatomy is stored long-term, which involves another brain area known as the neocortex. 逐渐地，心脏解剖的知识被长期存储，涉及另一个被称为新皮层的大脑区域里。 How information is transferred from short-term to long-term storage is still not completely understood, 信息如何从短期转移到长期存储仍然没有完全了解。 but it’s thought to happen in between study sessions and perhaps most crucially during sleep. 但它被认为发生在学习阶段，或者可能关键在睡眠期间。 Here the new knowledge is integrated with other related concepts you already know, 这时新知识和其他你已经了解的概念里相结合， such as how to measure heart rate, or the anatomy of other organs. 例如如何测量心率，或者其他器官的解剖结构。 And the process doesn’t end there. 而且过程还未结束。 Each time you recall heart anatomy, you reactivate the long-term memory, which makes it susceptible to change. 每次你回忆起心脏的解剖结构，你就重新激活了长期记忆，这使它容易发生变化。 The knowledge can be updated, strengthened, and reintegrated with other pieces of information. 知识可以被更新、强化、以及和其他信息重新整合。 This is where our first study technique comes in. 这就是我们的第一个学习技巧。
ps:突然发现对我而言，如果是安排下班后的时间学习反而有点费劲，因为总分配给玩的时间都玩不够（看网文不知不觉时间就过去了），学习计划总是停滞在最初版本。但安排在上班，反而更容易实施。毕竟哪怕摸鱼，这几小时的坐班总要熬过去。不过现在效率不算高，有时候会走神，有时候会切换工作忙一会儿，但是哪怕慢点，反正工作闲的话，能有几小时嚯嚯这份学习的慢工。
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克鲁克鲁 组长 楼主 2024-10-14 18:35:54 上海
2024.10.14 今天依然有大把闲空，继续把剩下57%逐句精听，对着每句英文，磕磕绊绊翻译成中文强记忆熟悉熟悉。 专心翻译的过程中会有那种心流的爽感，但是完成进度有时候又会心生杂念自我怀疑这样学习有用么。 转念一想，反正带薪期间，这都是多出来的空闲时间，平常纯摸鱼也没质问自己有没有用。 目前这样在上班坚持反正比下班学习容易。
Testing yourself with flashcards and quizzes forces you to actively retrieve knowledge, which updates and strengthens the memory. 用教学卡片和小测验来测试自己，会强迫你主动检索知识，可以更新强化记忆。 Students often prefer other study methods, like rereading textbooks and highlighting notes. 学生经常更偏其他学习方法，例如重读课本和备注笔记。 But these practices can generate a false sense of competence, since the information is right in front of you. 但是这些做法会产生一种错误的能力感，因为信息就在你眼前。 Testing yourself, however, allows you to more accurately gauge what you actually know. 但是测验你自己，可以更准确衡量你实际掌握的。 But what if, while doing this, you can’t remember the answers? 但是如果你这样做时，你不能记住答案了怎么办？ Not to worry— making mistakes can actually improve learning in the long term. 不用担心，从长远上看，犯错误实际可以提高学习。 It’s theorized that as you rack your brain for the answer, you activate relevant pieces of knowledge. 从理论上讲，当你为了答案绞尽脑汁，你就可以激活相关的知识片段。 Then, when the correct answer is later revealed, the brain can better integrate this information with what you already know. 然而，当正确答案被发现后，大脑可以将这些信息和已知信息更好地优化整合。 Our second technique builds on the first. 我们的第二个学习技巧建立在第一点之上。 When using flashcards to study, it's best to mix the deck with multiple subjects. 当使用教学卡片学习时，最好将多个主题混合使用。 Interleaving, or mixing the concepts you focus on in a single session, can lead to better retention than practicing a single skill or topic at a time. 将你在一节课里关注的主题交织或混合，比一次练习一个技能或主题更好提高记忆力。 One hypothesis of why this works is that, similar to testing, cycling through different subjects forces your brain to temporarily forget, 有一种关于这种方法的假设，与测试类似，循环不同的主题迫使你的大脑暂时遗忘， Then retrieve information, further strengthening the memory. 然后再检索信息，从而进一步强化记忆。 You may also find connections across the topics, and better understand their differences. 你可能也找到了话题间的联系，从而更好理解它们的差异。 Now that you know how and what to study, our final technique concerns when. 现在你已经知道如何学习以及学习是什么了，最后的技巧是何时学。 Spacing your review across multiple days allows for rest and sleep between sessions. 将你的复习间隔在几天内，以便在两次复习期间能够休息和睡觉。 While “offline,” the brain is actively at work, storing and integrating knowledge in the neocortex. 当离线时，大脑在活跃工作，在新皮层存储和整合信息。 So while cramming the night before the exam may seem logical 因此在考试前死记硬背的晚上似乎是合乎逻辑的。 after all, won’t the material be fresh in your mind? 毕竟，材料在你的脑海里还新鲜不是么 the information won’t stick around for the long term. 这些信息不会长期存在。 This brings us back to our medical residents. 让我们回到住院医师案例这边。 Both groups studied the surgery for the same amount of time. 两组学习外科手术时间相同。 Yet one group’s training was crammed in a single day, while the other more successful group’s training was spread over four weeks. 其中一组在单独一天填鸭式学习，另外更成功的一组则分散在四个礼拜里培训。 The reason all three of these study techniques work is because they’re designed with the brain in mind. 这些学习技巧有效是因为它们的设计考虑了大脑。 They complement and reinforce the incredible way the brain works, sorting through and storing the abundance of information it’s fed day after day. 它们补充并且强化了大脑的工作方式，大脑日复一复筛选和存储丰富的信息。
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克鲁克鲁 组长 楼主 2024-10-15 18:59:45 上海
2024.10.15 今天又听了几遍英文文章，对着文章打打字，多少比第一天听熟悉多了，又把筛出来的单词按中文背背 过了一遍。
住院医师 medical resident 技术 technique 外科手术 surgery 程序 procedure adv.按字面; 简直; 字面上; 真正地，确实地 literally 外科住院医师 surgical resident 缝合 suture 动脉artery 实施; 执行; 贯彻; 使生效 implement adv.显著地; 明显地; 意味深长地; 别有含义地; 有重大意义地; 有某种意义 significantly 应用 apply v.打开; 从(箱、包等中)取出; 分析; 剖析; 打开(箱、包等)取 unpack 记住 memorize 心脏解剖学 the anatomy of heart 暂时 temporarily 编码 uncode 神经元 neuron 海马体 hippocampus n.(作特定用途的)房间，室; 会议厅; (议会的)议院;腔室 chamber 考试 exam n.发射; 射击; 解雇; 开火; 开枪; 开炮v.射击; 开火; 开枪; 射(箭); 射出(子弹) fire 加强; 增强; 巩固 strengthen 细胞 cell v.(使)稳定，稳固n.稳定化；稳定化处理 stabilize 新皮层 neocortex 整合 integrate 概念 concept 测量 measure 器官 organ 召回 recall 重新激活 reactivate adj.易受影响(或伤害等); 可能…的; 可以…的; 过敏; 敏感; 容许…的; 善感的; 感情丰富的; 好动感情的 susceptible 重返社会 reintegrate n.教学卡片; 识字卡 flashcard n.小测验; 知识竞赛; 智力游戏 quizz 强迫 force 检索 retrieve 生成 generate 错误的能力感 a false sense of complement 精确测量 accurately gauge 理论化 theorize n.支架; 架子; rack 激活相关知识 activate relevant pieces of knowledge 对的 correct v.揭示; 显示; 透露; 展示; 露出; 显出 reveal 将多个主题混合在一起 mix the deck with multiple subjects 交织 interleave n.会议，会期; (法庭的)开庭，开庭期; 一场; 一节; 一段时间; 学年; session n.保留; 保持; (液体、热量等的)保持，阻滞; 维持; 记忆力; 记性 retention 假设hypothesis 关注 concern n.(空间)间隔; (尤指)字距，行距 space 填鸭式考试 cramming exam 符合逻辑的 logical 粘贴 stick adj.塞满的; 挤满的; 拥挤不堪v.把…塞进; 塞满; 挤满; 临时死记硬背 cram 补充 complement 加强 reinforce adj.难以置信的; 极大的; 极好的; 不能相信的 incredible 排序 sort 通过through 丰盛 abundance 日复一日 day after day
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克鲁克鲁 组长 楼主 2024-10-18 18:56:32 上海
2024.10.18 第一篇文章听写磕磕绊绊听写模式又练习了一遍。 开始下一篇《How to overcome your mistakes》 听了一遍英文，眼睛过了一遍原文，又过了一遍翻译文章大概啥意思。 （因为一个月三篇免费额度，所以把原文我都贴一遍，留作以后复习看看。） In a 2019 study, over 400 participants were enlisted to learna mysterious, invented language. Individuals were asked about three pairs of runes-- for example, which of these two characters represents an animal? Then, after a brief break, they were asked about the same rune pairs with questions flipped, as in, which of these two runes represents a non-living object? But this game had a secret-- The subjects' answers in round one determined the runes' meanings in round two. In the first round, participants either had all their answers marked as correct no matter what, or they were forced to fail every question. This meant that at the break, every participant had the same amount of information, and in round two they were playing for real. But despite this even playing field, the successful participants from round one rose to the top of the ranks, while those cast as failures kept, well, failing. People often describe failure as a teachable moment-- a necessary stumble on our way to improvement. But learning from our mistakes isn't always easy, especially when those failures are demoralizing, overwhelming, or just downright confusing. So what exactly prevents us from turning our mistakes into mastery? Perhaps the most obvious hurdle to learning from failure is how painful it can be. People generally want to think of themselves as capable and competent, and experiencing failure threatens that self-image. In a survey following a replication of the rune study, participants in the failure group indicated much lower levels of self-confidence after participating. It's tempting to dismiss this pain as a temporary setback. But some studies have found that when people feel demoralized or incompetent, their brains often stop processing new information. This suggests that if a threat to your self-esteem is large enough, it can undermine your ability to learn. However, your tolerance for failure also depends on your relationship with the task at hand. In a study from 2011, researchers surveyed a group of American students enrolled in introductory and advanced French courses. These students completed a questionnaire asking what kind of teacher they preferred-- one who emphasized their strengths and successes, or one who highlighted their mistakes and corrected their weaknesses. In general, responses showed that while beginner students sought positive reinforcement, advanced students were more eager for critical feedback. Researchers have theorized a handful of explanations for these results. Having just started out, beginners are still determining if they enjoy learning French and if they want to continue studying, so they might crave praise as a way to stay motivated. On the other hand, the advanced students are already invested, so they may want to improve their skills as efficiently as possible. The process of gaining expertise also comes with its fair share of failure, so the advanced students may have built a higher tolerance for making mistakes. But whether you're an expert or a novice, it's usually much more straightforward to learn from your successes than your failures. For example, imagine getting your grade back on an exam. If you aced it, you could reasonably assume you made good choices around when, what, and how much to study, and you can replicate those decisions for the next test. But if you failed, it could be for any number of reasons. Maybe you didn't study enough, maybe you studied the wrong information, or maybe you did everything right and the test covered things you shouldn't have been expected to know. In cases like this, it's unclear exactly what went wrong, making it difficult to learn how to improve. Wanting to learn from our failures is completely natural, and there's a lot to gain by being resilient and cultivating a growth mindset. But fixating on your failures can make it easy to forget all your successes. And building on what you're doing right can be more effective than focusing on what you did wrong.
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克鲁克鲁 组长 楼主 2024-10-22 16:33:34 上海
2024.10.22 把文章的单词筛了一遍眼生的，对着文章里的英文回忆中文力求眼熟点。 overcome participant enlist mysterious invent Individuals runes character represent flip rank stumble demoralizie overwhelm downright mastery hurdle capable competent threaten self-image survey replication indicate dismiss setback incompetent self-esteem undermine tolerance enroll introductory and advanced questionnaire emphasize seek positive reinforcement handful determine crave prais expertise novice straightforward assume eplicate resilient cultivate mindset fixate
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克鲁克鲁 组长 楼主 2024-10-23 18:38:24 上海
2024.10.23
In a 2019 study, over 400 participants were enlisted to learn a mysterious, invented language. 在 2019 年的一项研究中，超过 400 参与人被招募来学习一种神秘的、虚构的语言。 Individuals were asked about three pairs of runes-- for example, which of these two characters represents an animal? 个人被问及三对符文——举个例子，这两个字符中哪一个代表动物？ Then, after a brief break, 然后，在短暂休息之后， they were asked about the same rune pairs with questions flipped, 他们被问及关于相同符文对，问题颠倒 as in, which of these two runes represents a non-living object? 例如，两个符文中哪个代表一个非生命对象？ But this game had a secret-- The subjects' answers in round one determined the runes' meanings in round two. 但是这个游戏有一个秘诀—参与者第一轮的答案决定了符文第二轮的含义。 In the first round, participants either had all their answers marked as correct no matter what, 在第一轮中，参与者要么把他们的所有答案标记成正确的， or they were forced to fail every question. 或者他们被迫每个问题失败。 This meant that at the break, 这意味着在休息时， every participant had the same amount of information, 每个参与者拥有相同数量的信息， and in round two they were playing for real. 在第二轮他们都在真正地竞争。 But despite this even playing field, 但是尽管这个一个公平的竞争环境， the successful participants from round one rose to the top of the ranks, 成功的参与者从第一轮上升到了顶端， while those cast as failures kept, well, failing. 当这些被认为失败的人则一直失败。 People often describe failure as a teachable moment-- 人们经常把失败描述为一个可以教育的时刻—— a necessary stumble on our way to improvement. 在我们提高道路上的一个必然的挫折 But learning from our mistakes isn't always easy, 但是从我们的错误中学习并不是总是那么容易， especially when those failures are demoralizing, overwhelming,or just downright confusing. 特别是当这些失败总是令人低落，压倒性，或者完全令人困惑的时候。 So what exactly prevents us from turning our mistakes into mastery? 所以是什么阻止我们从错误进化成精通？ Perhaps the most obvious hurdle to learning from failure is how painful it can be. 也许从失败中学习最明显的障碍是它有多痛苦。 People generally want to think of themselves as capable and competent, 人们通常认为他们自己有能力并且称职， and experiencing failure threatens that self-image. 经历失败会威胁他们的自我形象。 In a survey following a replication of the rune study, 在一项复制符文研究的调查中， participants in the failure group indicated much lower levels of self-confidence after participating. 失败组的参与者表明参与后信心水平要低得多。
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克鲁克鲁 组长 楼主 2024-10-30 18:04:45 上海
2024.10.30 It's tempting to dismiss this pain as a temporary setback. 人们很容易把它当作暂时的挫折消除这份痛苦。 But some studies have found that when people feel demoralized or incompetent, 但是一些研究表明当人们感到士气低落或者无能时， their brains often stop processing new information. 他们的大脑经常停止处理新的信息。 This suggests that if a threat to your self-esteem is large enough, 这表明如果对你的自尊威胁足够大， it can undermine your ability to learn. 它会削弱你的学习能力。 However, your tolerance for failure also depends on your relationship with the task at hand. 但是，你对失败的容忍度也取决于你与手上任务的关系。 In a study from 2011, researchers surveyed a group of American students enrolled in introductory and advanced French courses. 一项 2011 年的研究，研究人员调查一组报名参加法语入门和高级课程的美国学生。 These students completed a questionnaire 这些学生完成了一份问卷 asking what kind of teacher they preferred 询问他们更喜欢哪种类型的老师 --one who emphasized their strengths and successes, 一种强调他们的优势和成功， or one who highlighted their mistakes and corrected their weaknesses. 或者一种强调他们的错误并且克服他们的弱点。 In general, responses showed that while beginner students sought positive reinforcement, 总体而言，反馈表明初学者寻求积极的强化， advanced students were more eager for critical feedback. 高年级学生总是更多渴求批判性反馈。 Researchers have theorized a handful of explanations for these results. 研究者对这些结果有一些理论化的解释。 Having just started out, beginners are still determining 在刚开始，初学者仍在下定决心 if they enjoy learning French and if they want to continue studying, 如果他们享受学法语，以及如果他们想继续学习， so they might crave praise as a way to stay motivated. 因此他们可能把渴求表扬当作一种保持动力的方式。 On the other hand, the advanced students are already invested, 另一方面，高年级学生已经投入了， so they may want to improve their skills as efficiently as possible. 所以他们想要尽可能地提高他们的技能。 The process of gaining expertise also comes with its fair share of failure, 获取专业知识的过程也伴随着相当多的失败。 so the advanced students may have built a higher tolerance for making mistakes. 所以高年级学生可能对犯错误有更高的容忍度。 But whether you're an expert or a novice, 但是无论你是专家还是新手， it's usually much more straightforward to learn from your successes than your failures. 通常从你的成功中学习比从你的失败中学习要更容易。 For example, imagine getting your grade back on an exam. 举个例子，想象一下在一场考试中重新获得你的分数。 If you aced it, you could reasonably assume you made good choices around when, what, and how much to study, 假如你表现好，你可以合理地认为在何时学习，学习什么和学习多少方面你做了很好的选择。 and you can replicate those decisions for the next test. 你可以在下一场测试里复制这些决策。 But if you failed, it could be for any number of reasons. 但是假如你失败了，可能有很多原因。 Maybe you didn't study enough, 也许你学习不够， maybe you studied the wrong information, or maybe you did everything right 也许你学习了错误的信息，或者你都做对了， and the test covered things you shouldn't have been expected to know. 测试涵盖了你不应该知道的方面 In cases like this, it's unclear exactly what went wrong, 在这种情况，不清楚发生了什么问题， making it difficult to learn how to improve. 这使得如何学习提高变得困难。 Wanting to learn from our failures is completely natural, 想要从我们的失败中学习是很自然的 and there's a lot to gain by being resilient and cultivating a growth mindset. 通过保持弹性和培养成长性的心态可以有很多收获。 But fixating on your failures can make it easy to forget all your successes. 但是专注于你的失败很容易忘记你的成功。 And building on what you're doing right can be more effective than focusing on what you did wrong. 建立在你做对什么可以比专注于你做错什么更有效。
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克鲁克鲁 组长 楼主 2024-10-31 18:35:36 上海
2024.10.31 赶紧趁着最后一天把这个月的免费第三篇额度文章听了几遍，文章四千多单词比前两篇长。 《Can you be awake and asleep at the same time?》 Many animals need sleep. Even brainless jellyfish enter sleep-like states where they pulse less and respond more slowly to food and movement. But all of the threats and demands animals face don’t just go away when it’s time to doze. That’s why a range of birds and mammals experience some degree of asymmetrical sleep where parts of their brain are asleep and other areas are more active. This is even true for humans. So how does it work? All vertebrate brains consist of two hemispheres: the right and left. Brain activity is usually similar across both during sleep. But during asymmetrical sleep, one brain hemisphere can be in deep sleep while the other is in lighter sleep. And in an extreme version called “unihemispheric sleep,” one hemisphere may appear completely awake while the other is in deep sleep. Take bottlenose dolphins. Their breathing is consciously controlled, and they must surface for air every few minutes or they’ll drown. When they have a newborn calf, they must actually swim nonstop for weeks in order to keep it safe. So dolphins sleep unihemispherically, with just one hemisphere at a time. This allows them to continue swimming and breathing while snoozing. Other marine mammals also need asymmetrical sleep. Fur seals might spend weeks on end migrating at sea. They slip into unihemispheric sleep while floating horizontally, holding their nostrils above the surface, closing their upward-facing eye, and keeping their downward-facing eye open. This may help them stay alert to threats from the depths. Similar pressures keep birds partially awake. Mallard ducks sleep in groups, but some must inevitably be on the peripheries. Those ducks spend more time in unihemispheric sleep, with their outward-facing eyes open and their corresponding brain hemispheres more active. Other birds have been shown to catch z’s in midair migration. While undertaking non-stop transoceanic flights of up to 10 days, frigatebirds either sleep with one or both hemispheres at a time. They do so in seconds-long bursts, usually while riding air currents. But the frigatebirds still sleep less than 8% of what they would on land, suggesting a great tolerance for sleep deprivation. It’s currently unclear whether asymmetrical sleep packs the same benefits as sleep in both hemispheres and how this varies across species. In one experiment, fur seals relied on asymmetrical sleep while being constantly stimulated. But in recovery, they showed a strong preference for sleep across both hemispheres, suggesting that it was more restorative for them. Dolphins, on the other hand, have been observed to maintain high levels of alertness for at least five days. By switching which hemisphere is awake, they get several hours of deep sleep in each hemisphere throughout a 24-hour period. This may be why unihemispheric sleep alone meets their needs. So, what about humans? Have you ever woken up groggy after your first night in a new place? Part of your brain might’ve spent the night only somewhat asleep. For decades, scientists have recognized that participants sleep poorly their first night in the lab. It’s actually customary to toss out that night’s data. In 2016, scientists discovered that this “first night effect” is a very subtle version of asymmetrical sleep in humans. They saw that, during the first night, participants experience deeper sleep in their right hemisphere and lighter sleep in their left. When exposed to infrequent sounds, that lighter sleeping left hemisphere showed greater bumps in activity. Participants also woke up and responded to infrequent sounds faster during the first night than when experiencing deep sleep in both hemispheres during nights following. This suggests that, like other animals, humans use asymmetrical sleep for vigilance, specifically in unfamiliar environments. So, while your hotel room is obviously not trying to eat you and you’re not going to die if you don’t continue moving, your brain is still keeping you alert. Just in case.
筛出来眼生单词 brainless jellyfish pulse doze mammals asymmetrical vertebrate extreme unihemispheric bottlenose dolphins surface drown calf snoozing marine Fur seals migrating slip horizontally nostrils upward-facing downward-facing depths partially Mallard inevitably peripheries outward-facing corresponding midair undertaking non-stop transoceanic frigatebirds bursts currents deprivation varies species relied
stimulated restorative maintain alertness groggy somewhat customary toss subtle infrequent bumps infrequent vigilance unfamiliar -
克鲁克鲁 组长 楼主 2024-11-04 19:03:39 上海
2024.11.04 新的月份又开了新的免费3 篇额度，准备看 3 篇新的，所以第三篇文章是在月底暂时没有单句听的额度了。等明天再对着历史记录逐句翻译复习过一遍。 每当周一总是会充满干劲和幻想：设想周一过一遍原文和生词，周二过一遍翻译，周三周四周五在掌握好生词情况反复重复听文章听到耳熟于心！！ 今天是听了几遍第四篇文章《When are you actually an adult?》，用欧路词典直接阅读模式把眼生单词录入进自己的生词本，比之前手动筛出来省力！！手机端也有 app 同一个账号可以看到自己的云端生词本。 ( PS:因为听力模式是一句一句的，所以文章复制出来都是一句一句列出来，没有成段落) 《When are you actually an adult?》 Most countries recognize 18 as the start of adulthood by granting various freedoms and privileges. But is age the best way to measure maturity? I was born 12:05 AM on November 6th-- 5 minutes short of being eligible to vote in the election tomorrow. Meanwhile, your big brother-- yours truly-- was born 15 minutes earlier, so I can vote. It's arbitrary and unfair! The voting age should be lowered to 16! I firmly disagree! No way 16-year-olds are mature enough to make decisions with national consequences. I'm eligible and I don't even know who's running. Meanwhile, I know the candidates inside and out. She's obsessed with politics. Exactly! If 16-year-olds aren't mature enough to vote, then by that same logic, they shouldn't be allowed to drive. I firmly disagree! I'm an excellent driver! And I've never gotten a ticket, unlike some people. That's so unfair! That stop sign was hidden by a tree. I think you both make valid points. And questioning the age limits of adulthood is well warranted. Some countries have lowered the voting age to 16, and cultural coming-of-age ceremonies are often celebrated at different ages. As there seems to be no consensus on exactly when we reach maturity, perhaps science can give us a clearer answer. One way neuroscientists have looked to define adulthood is by when the brain is fully grown. Brain development involves two trajectories. First, there's a reduction in gray matter. Gray matter consists of cells and connections that facilitate communication at short ranges, creating dense, information-processing hubs. While a reduction may seem like a bad thing, what's happening is a selective pruning. Connections that are used are kept and strengthened, while under-used ones are weeded away, creating a brain that is both fine-tuned to its environment and energy efficient. This gray matter reduction coincides with an increase in white matter. White matter refers to connections that are myelinated, coated in a layer of insulation, allowing for fast far-range communication between information hubs. For example, these paths connect regions that signal the pleasure of immediate reward with regions that help us plan ahead, allowing us to make more balanced, forward-thinking decisions. Imaging studies show that white and gray matter volumes undergo drastic changes during adolescence, and continuing through your twenties. But the brain's journey is far from finished, as various experiences continue to reshape its connections throughout your lifetime. So brain structure alone may not give us our answer. Another way scientists have tried to define adulthood is by measuring cognitive development-- when are you able to learn and complete mental tasks at the same efficiency as older adults? By this definition, adulthood may begin as early as 16, as teens perform just as well on tests that assess reasoning, problem-solving and critical thinking. Though capable of making smart, well-informed decisions, teens may be more susceptible to external pressures. Studies show that when performing risk- taking and self-control related tasks, 18 to 21 year olds behave much like older adults. But when these tests include an emotional element-- such as utilizing self-control when identifying fearful faces-- or a social element-- such as making a decision in the presence of a friend-- different patterns emerge. Under these influences, 18 to 21 year olds tend to behave more like younger teens, and their brains show younger-teen-like patterns of activity. In other words, during your teens and early twenties, your brain is wired to place more value and attention on social and emotional elements. This allows emerging adults to better explore their identities and connect with others, but may also create more vulnerability to negative peer influence and rash heat of the moment decisions. For this reason, many scientists argue that judicial systems should expand juvenile courts to include those in their late teens and early twenties, as current systems fail to recognize how the emerging adult brain is still changing. So when are you actually an adult? As you can see, there is no exact age or moment in development that we can point to. Instead, neuroscience suggests that there are waves of maturity. As different brain regions and mental abilities mature at different times, so do different adult-like states and behaviors. Not everyone will reach each wave of maturity at the same age. Each person's journey to adulthood is unique, influenced by genetics, environment, and experience.
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克鲁克鲁 组长 楼主 2024-11-11 18:39:44 上海
就是这个地址诶 https://www.learmonade.cn/ ，你浏览器复制输入再看看呢，它这个就是国内网站，也用不着翻墙啥的。
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克鲁克鲁 组长 楼主 2024-11-18 16:29:31 上海
额，那我也不太清楚了。不过没事，那就换换别的素材吧，多邻国也有 pc在线网站https://www.duolingo.com/ （相对简单点但能养成学习习惯），B站也有学习课程，找到自己感兴趣的英语素材外就行，我也就是提供一个思路。
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克鲁克鲁 组长 楼主 2024-11-18 16:32:31 上海
2024.11.18 上周其余几天又短暂沉浸在网文的世界里，灵异网文真好看啊。 这周继续第五篇文章《3 tips to boost your confidence》 按句子分行贴一下原文，备份一下（一个月就免费三篇文章额度）。 When faced with a big challenge where potential failure seems to lurk at every corner, maybe you've heard this advice before: "Be more confident." And most likely, this is what you think when you hear it: "If only it were that simple." But what is confidence? Take the belief that you are valuable, worthwhile, and capable, also known as self-esteem, add in the optimism that comes when you are certain of your abilities, and then empowered by these, act courageously to face a challenge head-on. This is confidence. It turns thoughts into action. So where does confidence even come from? There are several factors that impact confidence. One: what you're born with, such as your genes, which will impact things like the balance of neurochemicals in your brain. Two: how you're treated. This includes the social pressures of your environment. And three: the part you have control over, the choices you make, the risks you take, and how you think about and respond to challenges and setbacks. It isn't possible to completely untangle these three factors, but the personal choices we make certainly play a major role in confidence development. So, by keeping in mind a few practical tips, we do actually have the power to cultivate our own confidence. Tip 1: a quick fix. There are a few tricks that can give you an immediate confidence boost in the short term. Picture your success when you're beginning a difficult task, something as simple as listening to music with deep bass; it can promote feelings of power. You can even strike a powerful pose or give yourself a pep talk. Tip two: believe in your ability to improve. If you're looking for a long-term change, consider the way you think about your abilities and talents. Do you think they are fixed at birth, or that they can be developed, like a muscle? These beliefs matter because they can influence how you act when you're faced with setbacks. If you have a fixed mindset, meaning that you think your talents are locked in place, you might give up, assuming you've discovered something you're not very good at. But if you have a growth mindset and think your abilities can improve, a challenge is an opportunity to learn and grow. Neuroscience supports the growth mindset. The connections in your brain do get stronger and grow with study and practice. It also turns out, on average, people who have a growth mindset are more successful, getting better grades, and doing better in the face of challenges. Tip three: practice failure. Face it, you're going to fail sometimes. Everyone does. J.K. Rowling was rejected by twelve different publishers before one picked up "Harry Potter." The Wright Brothers built on history's failed attempts at flight, including some of their own, before designing a successful airplane. Studies show that those who fail regularly and keep trying anyway are better equipped to respond to challenges and setbacks in a constructive way. They learn how to try different strategies, ask others for advice, and perservere. So, think of a challenge you want to take on, realize it's not going to be easy, accept that you'll make mistakes, and be kind to yourself when you do. Give yourself a pep talk, stand up, and go for it. The excitement you'll feel knowing that whatever the result, you'll have gained greater knowledge and understanding. This is confidence.
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克鲁克鲁 组长 楼主 2024-12-10 15:56:00 上海
2024.12.10 这个月第一周工作比较忙，外加家里杂事心烦，上班闲空用来看小说了。 这周继续新月份的额度，把生词依旧是用欧路词典老方法快捷录进生词本了。 第六篇文章《The history of tea》原文 During a long day spent roaming the forest in search of edible grains and herbs, the weary divine farmer Shennong accidentally poisoned himself 72 times. But before the poisons could end his life, a leaf drifted into his mouth. He chewed on it and it revived him, and that is how we discovered tea. Or so an ancient legend goes at least. Tea doesn't actually cure poisonings, but the story of Shennong, the mythical Chinese inventor of agriculture, highlights tea's importance to ancient China. Archaeological evidence suggests tea was first cultivated there as early as 6,000 years ago, or 1,500 years before the pharaohs built the Great Pyramids of Giza. That original Chinese tea plant is the same type that's grown around the world today, yet it was originally consumed very differently. It was eaten as a vegetable or cooked with grain porridge. Tea only shifted from food to drink 1,500 years ago when people realized that a combination of heat and moisture could create a complex and varied taste out of the leafy green. After hundreds of years of variations to the preparation method, the standard became to heat tea, pack it into portable cakes, grind it into powder, mix with hot water, and create a beverage called muo cha, or matcha. Matcha became so popular that a distinct Chinese tea culture emerged. Tea was the subject of books and poetry, the favorite drink of emperors, and a medium for artists. They would draw extravagant pictures in the foam of the tea, very much like the espresso art you might see in coffee shops today. In the 9th century during the Tang Dynasty, a Japanese monk brought the first tea plant to Japan. The Japanese eventually developed their own unique rituals around tea, leading to the creation of the Japanese tea ceremony. And in the 14th century during the Ming Dynasty, the Chinese emperor shifted the standard from tea pressed into cakes to loose leaf tea. At that point, China still held a virtual monopoly on the world's tea trees, making tea one of three essential Chinese export goods, along with porcelain and silk. This gave China a great deal of power and economic influence as tea drinking spread around the world. That spread began in earnest around the early 1600s when Dutch traders brought tea to Europe in large quantities. Many credit Queen Catherine of Braganza, a Portuguese noble woman, for making tea popular with the English aristocracy when she married King Charles II in 1661. At the time, Great Britain was in the midst of expanding its colonial influence and becoming the new dominant world power. And as Great Britain grew, interest in tea spread around the world. By 1700, tea in Europe sold for ten times the price of coffee and the plant was still only grown in China. The tea trade was so lucrative that the world's fastest sailboat, the clipper ship, was born out of intense competition between Western trading companies. All were racing to bring their tea back to Europe first to maximize their profits. At first, Britain paid for all this Chinese tea with silver. When that proved too expensive, they suggested trading tea for another substance, opium. This triggered a public health problem within China as people became addicted to the drug. Then in 1839, a Chinese official ordered his men to destroy massive British shipments of opium as a statement against Britain's influence over China. This act triggered the First Opium War between the two nations. Fighting raged up and down the Chinese coast until 1842 when the defeated Qing Dynasty ceded the port of Hong Kong to the British and resumed trading on unfavorable terms. The war weakened China's global standing for over a century. The British East India company also wanted to be able to grow tea themselves and further control the market. So they commissioned botanist Robert Fortune to steal tea from China in a covert operation. He disguised himself and took a perilous journey through China's mountainous tea regions, eventually smuggling tea trees and experienced tea workers into Darjeeling, India. From there, the plant spread further still, helping drive tea's rapid growth as an everyday commodity. Today, tea is the second most consumed beverage in the world after water, and from sugary Turkish Rize tea, to salty Tibetan butter tea, there are almost as many ways of preparing the beverage as there are cultures on the globe.
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克鲁克鲁 组长 楼主 2024-12-10 16:05:22 上海
我觉得前期以放松的心情更能长久坚持，不用刻意碎片还是固定时间。等执行一阵了，你自己会主动根据自己状态来调整是不是固定时间为好。既然你工作也是以英文为主，可以先以兴趣为目的精进自己，等放松地每天安排起来这个学习，如果状态佳，那就顺理成章可设立考证为目的进一步精细学习。要是没进入这个状态，也不用非刻意逼自己先设立考证再学习，可以换别的自己感兴趣想真正执行的事哈。
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今生意外 2024-12-27 08:18:00 广东
2024.10.10 靠翻译把文章粗浅地看了一遍，我把原文贴一下，有兴趣的可以自己对着文章看看，检测 2024.10.10 靠翻译把文章粗浅地看了一遍，我把原文贴一下，有兴趣的可以自己对着文章看看，检测检测自己英语水平。 《3 tips on how to study effectively》 During their training, medical residents learn countless techniques, surgeries, and procedures which they'll later use to save lives. Being able to remember these skills can quite literally be a matter of life and death. With this in mind, a 2006 research study took a class of surgical residents learning to suture arteries and split them into two groups. Each received the same study materials, but one group implemented a small change in how they studied them. And when tested one month later, this group performed the surgeries significantly better than the other residents. We'll discuss the secret to that group's success, along with two other highly effective study techniques which can be applied both in and out of the classroom. But to understand why these methods work, let's first unpack how the brain learns and stores information. Say you're trying to memorize the anatomy of the heart. When you're introduced to a new concept, the memory is temporarily encoded in groups of neurons in a brain area called the hippocampus. As you continue to learn about workings of the heart in class or study its chambers for an exam, you reactivate these same neurons. This repeated firing strengthens the connections between the cells, stabilizing the memory. Gradually, the knowledge of heart anatomy is stored long-term, which involves another brain area known as the neocortex. How information is transferred from short-term to long-term storage is still not completely understood, but it's thought to happen in between study sessions and perhaps most crucially during sleep. Here the new knowledge is integrated with other related concepts you already know, such as how to measure heart rate, or the anatomy of other organs. And the process doesn't end there. Each time you recall heart anatomy, you reactivate the long-term memory, which makes it susceptible to change. The knowledge can be updated, strengthened, and reintegrated with other pieces of information. This is where our first study technique comes in. Testing yourself with flashcards and quizzes, forces you to actively retrieve knowledge, which updates and strengthens the memory. Students often prefer other study methods, like rereading textbooks and highlighting notes. But these practices can generate a false sense of competence, since the information is right in front of you. Testing yourself, however, allows you to more accurately gauge what you actually know. But what if, while doing this, you can't remember the answers? Not to worry-- making mistakes can actually improve learning in the long term. It's theorized that as you rack your brain for the answer, you activate relevant pieces of knowledge. Then, when the correct answer is later revealed, the brain can better integrate this information with what you already know. Our second technique builds on the first. When using flashcards to study, it's best to mix the deck with multiple subjects. Interleaving, or mixing the concepts you focus on in a single session, can lead to better retention than practicing a single skill or topic at a time. One hypothesis of why this works is that, similar to testing, cycling through different subjects forces your brain to temporarily forget, then retrieve information, further strengthening the memory. You may also find connections across the topics, and better understand their differences. Now that you know how and what to study, our final technique concerns when. Spacing your review across multiple days allows for rest and sleep between sessions. While "offline," the brain is actively at work, storing and integrating knowledge in the neocortex. So while cramming the night before the exam may seem logical-- after all, won't the material be fresh in your mind?-- the information won't stick around for the long term. This brings us back to our medical residents. Both groups studied the surgery for the same amount of time. Yet one group's training was crammed in a single day, while the other more successful group's training was spread over four weeks. The reason all three of these study techniques work is because they're designed with the brain in mind. They complement and reinforce the incredible way the brain works, sorting through and storing the abundance of information it's fed day after day. ... 克鲁克鲁想准备学英语，然后考一个笔译证书，不知道能不能靠这个挣点零花钱
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克鲁克鲁 组长 楼主 2024-12-27 18:10:33 上海
2024.12.27 快月底了，距离上次 10 号很少在上班期间学英语了。又是老问题，沉迷看网文了。 但是晚上回家会天天坚持打卡奶酪单词 APP，把背单词当成兴趣当成脑力康复训练玩。 不过问题不大，我这不是又来了。 下周还有俩天时间这个月才结束，还有两篇免费额度的文章还能听个两天。 第七篇文章原文贴一下《The history of chocolate》 If you can't imagine life without chocolate, you're lucky you weren't born before the 16th century. Until then, chocolate only existed in Mesoamerica in a form quite different from what we know. As far back as 1900 BCE, the people of that region had learned to prepare the beans of the native cacao tree. The earliest records tell us the beans were ground and mixed with cornmeal and chili peppers to create a drink not a relaxing cup of hot cocoa, but a bitter, invigorating concoction frothing with foam. And if you thought we make a big deal about chocolate today, the Mesoamericans had us beat. They believed that cacao was a heavenly food gifted to humans by a feathered serpent god, known to the Maya as Kukulkan and to the Aztecs as Quetzalcoatl. Aztecs used cacao beans as currency and drank chocolate at royal feasts, gave it to soldiers as a reward for success in battle, and used it in rituals. The first transatlantic chocolate encounter occurred in 1519 when Hernán Cortés visited the court of Moctezuma at Tenochtitlan. As recorded by Cortés's lieutenant, the king had 50 jugs of the drink brought out and poured into golden cups. When the colonists returned with shipments of the strange new bean, missionaries' salacious accounts of native customs gave it a reputation as an aphrodisiac. At first, its bitter taste made it suitable as a medicine for ailments, like upset stomachs, but sweetening it with honey, sugar, or vanilla quickly made chocolate a popular delicacy in the Spanish court. And soon, no aristocratic home was complete without dedicated chocolate ware. The fashionable drink was difficult and time consuming to produce on a large scale. That involved using plantations and imported slave labor in the Caribbean and on islands off the coast of Africa. The world of chocolate would change forever in 1828 with the introduction of the cocoa press by Coenraad van Houten of Amsterdam. Van Houten's invention could separate the cocoa's natural fat, or cocoa butter. This left a powder that could be mixed into a drinkable solution or recombined with the cocoa butter to create the solid chocolate we know today. Not long after, a Swiss chocolatier named Daniel Peter added powdered milk to the mix, thus inventing milk chocolate. By the 20th century, chocolate was no longer an elite luxury but had become a treat for the public. Meeting the massive demand required more cultivation of cocoa, which can only grow near the equator. Now, instead of African slaves being shipped to South American cocoa plantations, cocoa production itself would shift to West Africa with Cote d'Ivoire providing two-fifths of the world's cocoa as of 2015. Yet along with the growth of the industry, there have been horrific abuses of human rights. Many of the plantations throughout West Africa, which supply Western companies, use slave and child labor, with an estimation of more than 2 million children affected. This is a complex problem that persists despite efforts from major chocolate companies to partner with African nations to reduce child and indentured labor practices. Today, chocolate has established itself in the rituals of our modern culture. Due to its colonial association with native cultures, combined with the power of advertising, chocolate retains an aura of something sensual, decadent, and forbidden. Yet knowing more about its fascinating and often cruel history, as well as its production today, tells us where these associations originate and what they hide. So as you unwrap your next bar of chocolate, take a moment to consider that not everything about chocolate is sweet.
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克鲁克鲁 组长 楼主 2024-12-31 22:46:18 上海
2024.12.31 认真力度断断续续 2025年再努力 第八篇文章《What happens if you cut down all of a city's trees》 原文贴一下 This is the tale of two ancient cities and the trees that determined their destinies. In 3,000 BC Uruk was more densely populated than modern day New York City. This crowded capital had to continually expand their irrigation system to feed its growing population. 2,500 years later in Sri Lanka, the city of Anuradhapura had a similar problem. They were also growing constantly, and like Uruk, their city relied heavily on an elaborate irrigation system. As Uruk grew, its farmers began chopping down trees to make space for more crops. In Anuradhapura, however, trees were sacred. Their city housed an offshoot of the Bodhi tree under which Buddha himself was said to have attained enlightenment. Religious reverence slowed farmer's axes and even led the city to plant additional trees in urban parks. Initially, Uruk's expansion worked well. But without trees to filter their water supply, Uruk's irrigation system became contaminated. Evaporating water left mineral deposits, which rendered the soil too salty for agriculture. Conversely, Anuradhapura's irrigation system was designed to work in concert with the surrounding forest. Their city eventually grew to more than twice Uruk's population, and today, Anuradhapura still cares for a tree planted over 2,000 years ago. We may think of nature as being unconnected to our urban spaces, but trees have always been an essential part of successful cities. Trees act like a natural sponge, absorbing storm water runoff before releasing it back into the atmosphere. The webs of their roots protect against mudslides while allowing soil to retain water and filter out toxins. Roots help prevent floods, while reducing the need for storm drains and water treatment plants. Their porous leaves purify the air by trapping carbon and other pollutants, making them essential in the fight against climate change. Humanity has been uncovering these arboreal benefits for centuries. But trees aren't just crucial to the health of a city's infrastructure; they play a vital role in the health of its citizens as well. In the 1870's, Manhattan had few trees outside the island's parks. Without trees to provide shade, buildings absorbed up to nine times more solar radiation during deadly summer heat waves. Combined with the period's poor sanitation standards, the oppressive heat made the city a breeding ground for bacteria like cholera. In modern day Hong Kong, tall skyscrapers and underground infrastructure make it difficult for trees to grow. This contributes to the city's dangerously poor air quality, which can cause bronchitis and diminished lung function. Trees affect our mental health as well. Research indicates that the presence of green foliage increases attention spans and decreases stress levels. It's even been shown that hospital patients with views of brick walls recover more slowly than those with views of trees. Fortunately, many cities are full of views like this and that's no accident. As early as the 18th century, city planners began to embrace the importance of urban trees. In 1733, Colonel James Oglethorpe planned the city of Savannah, Georgia to ensure that no neighborhood was more than a 2-minute walk from a park. After World War II, Copenhagen directed all new development along five arteries each sandwiched between a park. This layout increased the city's resilience to pollution and natural disasters. And urban trees don't just benefit people. Portland's Forest Park preserves the region's natural biodiversity, making the city home to various local plants, 112 bird species, and 62 species of mammals. No city is more committed to trees than Singapore. Since 1967, Singapore's government has planted over 1.2 million trees, including those within 50-meter tall vertical gardens called supertrees. These structures sustain themselves and nearby conservatories with solar energy and collected rainwater. Trees and vegetation currently cover over 50% of Singapore's landmass, reducing the need for air conditioning and encouraging low-pollution transportation. By 2050, it's estimated that over 65% of the world will be living in cities. City planners can lay an eco-friendly foundation, but it's up to the people who live in these urban forests to make them homes for more than humans.
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克鲁克鲁 组长 楼主 2025-02-06 17:49:28 上海
2025.2.5 开工大吉！裁员还没裁到我！不管了，继续偷上班时间学习学习。 用上了楼上友邻赠送的三个月的月卡了，全面浏览了网站的听力素材。 为了能够之后量化学习阶段结果，决定接下来先学剑桥雅思真题 5的素材，我想着考试的素材应该是能针对量化一些学习提升的效果吧。 【Cambridge IELTS 5 - Test1 Section1】 素材磨耳朵听完了 对着英文又翻译了一遍中文，关于旅游听力对话素材，比前面文章长篇大论好翻译多了。
2025.2.6 【Cambridge IELTS 5 - Test1 Section1】 打字模式练了一遍 听写模式按句精听反复循环听写了一遍 挺费时（2h+）
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