【艾略特】荒原

耘歇

来自:耘歇(我是我自己随身携带的嶙峋青石) 组长
2015-10-01 17:10:52

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  • 耘歇

    耘歇 (我是我自己随身携带的嶙峋青石) 组长 楼主 2015-10-05 14:01:05

    在第一章《死者葬仪》里,诗人以荒原象征战后的欧洲文明,它需要水的滋润,需要春天,需要生命,而现实则充满了庸俗和低级的欲念,既不生也不死。第二章《对弈》对照上流社会妇女和酒吧间里下层男女市民的生活,显得同样低级和毫无意义。第三章《火诫》写情欲之火造成的庸俗猥亵,空虚而无真实的爱。第四章《水里的死亡》最短,暗示死是不可避免的,人们渴望的生命之水也拯救不了人类。第五章《雷霆的话》又回到欧洲是一片干旱的荒原这一主题,但对革命浪潮又感到恐惧,宣扬宗教的“给予、同情、克制”。艾略特利用人类学关于神话传说的研究成果,大量引用或更动欧洲文学中的情节、典故和名句,用六种语言,以鲜明的形象并借暗示和联想、严密的结构,构成一部思想和情调一致的完整诗篇。

    《荒原》诗的开头几句借鉴了乔叟《坎特伯雷故事集》序诗中最开头的几行诗:“当四月的甘露渗透了三月枯竭的根须,沐灌了丝丝茎络,触动了生机,使枝头涌现出花蕾。”四月是人间最美好的季节,然而艾略特的笔下,四月是最无望的季节。

    “四月是最残酷的月份,在死地上养育出丁香,搅混了回忆和欲望,用春雨惊醒迟钝的根。冬天使我们温暖,用健忘的雪把大地覆盖,用干瘪的根茎喂养微弱的生命。”

    《荒原》中多处描绘生活在废墟中,丧失信仰的芸芸众生的精神状态。“山那边是座什么城市,在紫色的暮气中开裂,重建,爆炸,尖塔倒倾,耶路撒冷、雅典、亚历山大、维也纳、伦敦,虚幻。”这些曾经驰名世界的历史文化名城如今却被工业化商业化的社会的污浊和瘴气的侵蚀而失去了往日的神圣和光彩,只有混乱留存,而芸芸众生在遭受战争劫难后已彻底丧失了信仰。诗人感叹说:“虚幻的城市,冬晨的棕色烟雾下,人群涌过伦敦桥,那么多人,我想不到死神毁了那么多人,时而吐出短促的叹息,每个人眼睛看定脚前,钟敲九点,最后的一声死气沉沉。”

    艾略特在诗中用大量的笔墨描写濒临死亡的一幕幕场景,然而他并非在宣告世界的末日。他想告诉人们信仰的丧失、精神的死亡是多么的可怕。他通过一系列自然界的意象表现出自己对世界的焦虑和担忧。在这茫茫漠漠的“荒原”,“这里没有水,只有岩石”,“什么树枝从石头垃圾中长出”,“那里赤日炎炎,死树下没有荫凉,虫鸣不让人轻松,干石头上没有淙淙泉音”。一切都令人感到燥热、烦闷、焦虑和不安。“河的帐篷已破;树叶临终的手指揪紧着,陷入潮湿的河岸。”“恒河干瘪了,萎软的叶子在等着雨。”诗人通过这些富有象征意蕴的自然界意象来表现枯竭的荒原,这与前面现实世界人们精神上的荒原相互呼应。

    世界是轮回的,生命也是生生不息的,“去年你在花园里种下的尸体开始抽芽了吗?今年能开花吗?来的突然的寒霜没有冻毁它的床吗”?触目惊心的意象带给人极大的震撼,也带给人春雷般的轰鸣。

    水是万物生长不可缺少的要素,它滋润大地,养育生命,带来生机。尽管荒原凄凉、郁闷、枯燥无力,但是诗人在诗中最后一节,仍然对未来充满了渴望:“春雷在遥远的山那边回荡”,“乌云在远方,在喜马万特山聚集”,“电光一闪,然后一阵潮湿的风带来了雨”。那雷霆的三声炸响就是现代精神世界复苏的希望,那代表生命源泉的雨水,使荒原透出了生机和光明,使生命复苏、精神复活、春回大地。

  • 耘歇

    耘歇 (我是我自己随身携带的嶙峋青石) 组长 楼主 2015-10-31 22:33:57

    I. THE BURIAL OF THE DEAD

    APRIL is the cruellest month, breeding(滋生) Lilacs(丁香) out of the dead land, mixing Memory and desire, stirring(激起//挑动) Dull roots with spring rain. Winter kept us warm, covering 5 Earth in forgetful snow, feeding A little life with dried tubers(块茎). Summer surprised us, coming over the Starnbergersee With a shower of rain; we stopped in the colonnade, And went on in sunlight, into the Hofgarten, 10 And drank coffee, and talked for an hour. Bin gar keine Russin, stamm’ aus Litauen, echt deutsch.(我不是俄国人,原籍立陶宛,是纯德国种。 ) And when we were children, staying at the archduke’s, My cousin’s, he took me out on a sled, And I was frightened. He said, Marie, 15 Marie, hold on tight. And down we went. In the mountains, there you feel free. I read, much of the night, and go south in the winter.

    What are the roots that clutch(抓紧), what branches grow Out of this stony rubbish? Son of man, 20 You cannot say, or guess, for you know only A heap(堆) of broken images, where the sun beats, And the dead tree gives no shelter, the cricket(蟋蟀) no relief, And the dry stone no sound of water. Only There is shadow under this red rock, 25 (Come in under the shadow of this red rock), And I will show you something different from either Your shadow at morning striding(大踏步走) behind you Or your shadow at evening rising to meet you; I will show you fear in a handful of dust. 30 Frisch weht der Wind Der Heimat zu, Mein Irisch Kind, Wo weilest du? 风儿吹得清爽,    吹向我的家乡,    我的爱尔兰孩子,    如今你在何方? “You gave me hyacinths(风信子) first a year ago; 35 They called me the hyacinth girl.” —Yet when we came back, late, from the Hyacinth garden, Your arms full, and your hair wet, I could not Speak, and my eyes failed, I was neither Living nor dead, and I knew nothing, 40 Looking into the heart of light, the silence. Öd’ und leer das Meer. ( 荒凉而空虚是那大海。)

    Madame Sosostris, famous clairvoyante(相命家), Had a bad cold, nevertheless Is known to be the wisest woman in Europe, 45 With a wicked pack of cards. Here, said she, Is your card, the drowned Phoenician Sailor, (Those are pearls that were his eyes. Look!) Here is Belladonna, the Lady of the Rocks, The lady of situations. 50 Here is the man with three staves(杖), and here the Wheel, And here is the one-eyed merchant(商人), and this card, Which is blank, is something he carries on his back, Which I am forbidden to see. I do not find The Hanged Man. Fear death by water. 55 I see crowds of people, walking round in a ring. Thank you. If you see dear Mrs. Equitone, Tell her I bring the horoscope(星象图) myself: One must be so careful these days.

    Unreal City, 60 Under the brown fog of a winter dawn, A crowd flowed over London Bridge, so many, I had not thought death had undone(毁灭) so many. Sighs, short and infrequent, were exhaled(发散出), And each man fixed his eyes before his feet. 65 Flowed up the hill and down King William Street, To where Saint Mary Woolnoth kept the hours With a dead sound on the final stroke of nine. There I saw one I knew, and stopped him, crying “Stetson! You who were with me in the ships at Mylae! 70 That corpse(尸体) you planted last year in your garden, Has it begun to sprout(发芽)? Will it bloom this year? Or has the sudden frost(霜) disturbed its bed? Oh keep the Dog far hence, that’s friend to men, Or with his nails he’ll dig it up again! 75 You! hypocrite lecteur!—mon semblable,—mon frère!”( 你呀,伪善的读者——我的同类,我的兄弟!)

  • 耘歇

    耘歇 (我是我自己随身携带的嶙峋青石) 组长 楼主 2015-10-31 22:34:16

    II. A GAME OF CHESS

    The Chair she sat in, like a burnished(擦亮的) throne(王座), Glowed(发光) on the marble(大理石), where the glass Held up by standards wrought(锻造//镂刻) with fruited vines(葡萄藤) From which a golden Cupidon peeped(窥探) out 80 (Another hid his eyes behind his wing) Doubled the flames of seven-branched candelabra(烛台) Reflecting light upon the table as The glitter(光泽) of her jewels rose to meet it, From satin cases(缎面) poured in rich profusion(丰富,充沛); 85 In vials(瓶) of ivory(象牙) and coloured glass Unstoppered(开盖的), lurked(潜伏,暗藏) her strange synthetic(合成) perfumes, Unguent(油膏), powdered(敷粉), or liquid—troubled, confused And drowned the sense in odours(气味); stirred(搅动) by the air That freshened from the window, these ascended(上升) 90 In fattening the prolonged(瘦长的) candle-flames, Flung(投,扔) their smoke into the laquearia, Stirring the pattern on the coffered(用镶板装饰的) ceiling(天花板). Huge sea-wood fed with copper(铜) Burned green and orange, framed(框住) by the coloured stone, 95 In which sad light a carvèd dolphin swam. Above the antique(古老的) mantel(壁炉架) was displayed(展示) As though a window gave upon the sylvan(田园) scene The change of Philomel, by the barbarous(残暴的) king So rudely forced; yet there the nightingale(夜莺) 100 Filled all the desert with inviolable(神圣不可侵犯的) voice And still she cried, and still the world pursues, “Jug Jug” to dirty ears. And other withered(枯萎的) stumps(残肢) of time Were told upon the walls; staring forms 105 Leaned out, leaning, hushing(使安静) the room enclosed. Footsteps shuffled(移动) on the stair, Under the firelight, under the brush, her hair Spread out in fiery points(火星) Glowed into words, then would be savagely still(猛地沉寂). 110

    “My nerves(神经//情绪) are bad to-night. Yes, bad. Stay with me. Speak to me. Why do you never speak? Speak. What are you thinking of? What thinking? What? I never know what you are thinking. Think.”

    I think we are in rats’ alley( 胡同,小巷; 小径; 球道)115 Where the dead men lost their bones.

    “What is that noise?” The wind under the door. “What is that noise now? What is the wind doing?” Nothing again nothing. 120 “Do You know nothing? Do you see nothing? Do you remember Nothing?” I remember Those are pearls that were his eyes. 125 “Are you alive, or not? Is there nothing in your head?” But O O O O that Shakespeherian Rag(莎士比希亚小调)— It’s so elegant So intelligent 130

    “What shall I do now? What shall I do? I shall rush out as I am, and walk the street With my hair down, so. What shall we do to-morrow? What shall we ever do?” The hot water at ten. 135 And if it rains, a closed car at four. And we shall play a game of chess, Pressing lidless(无盖的,无眼睑的)eyes and waiting for a knock upon the door.

    When Lil’s husband got demobbed(退伍), I said, I didn’t mince(委婉地说) my words, I said to her myself, 140 HURRY UP PLEASE ITS TIME Now Albert’s coming back, make yourself a bit smart. He’ll want to know what you done with that money he gave you To get yourself some teeth. He did, I was there. You have them all out, Lil, and get a nice set, 145 He said, I swear, I can’t bear to look at you. And no more can’t I, I said, and think of poor Albert, He’s been in the army four years, he wants a good time, And if you don’t give it him, there’s others will, I said. Oh is there, she said. Something o’ that, I said. 150 Then I’ll know who to thank, she said, and give me a straight look. HURRY UP PLEASE ITS TIME If you don’t like it you can get on with it, I said, Others can pick and choose if you can’t. But if Albert makes off, it won’t be for lack of telling. 155 You ought to be ashamed, I said, to look so antique. (And her only thirty-one.) I can’t help it, she said, pulling a long face, It’s them pills I took, to bring it off, she said. (She’s had five already, and nearly died of young George.) 160 The chemist said it would be alright, but I’ve never been the same. You are a proper fool, I said. Well, if Albert won’t leave you alone, there it is, I said, What you get married for if you don’t want children? HURRY UP PLEASE ITS TIME 165 Well, that Sunday Albert was home, they had a hot gammon(熏火腿), And they asked me in to dinner, to get the beauty of it hot— HURRY UP PLEASE ITS TIME HURRY UP PLEASE ITS TIME Goonight Bill. Goonight Lou. Goonight May. Goonight. 170 Ta ta. Goonight. Goonight. Good night, ladies, good night, sweet ladies, good night, good night.

  • 耘歇

    耘歇 (我是我自己随身携带的嶙峋青石) 组长 楼主 2015-10-31 22:34:55

    III. THE FIRE SERMON

    The river’s tent is broken: the last fingers of leaf Clutch and sink into the wet bank. The wind Crosses the brown land, unheard. The nymphs(仙女) are departed(离开). 175 Sweet Thames(泰晤士), run softly, till I end my song. The river bears no empty bottles, sandwich papers, Silk handkerchiefs(手绢), cardboard(纸板) boxes, cigarette ends Or other testimony(证明,见证) of summer nights. The nymphs are departed. And their friends, the loitering(闲逛) heirs(继承人) of city directors; 180 Departed, have left no addresses. By the waters of Leman(莱芒) I sat down and wept(weep 哭泣)… Sweet Thames, run softly till I end my song, Sweet Thames, run softly, for I speak not loud or long. But at my back in a cold blast I hear 185 The rattle(嘎嘎声) of the bones, and chuckle(咯咯笑声) spread from ear to ear.

    A rat crept(creep 爬行) softly through the vegetation(植被) Dragging(拖) its slimy(黏湿的) belly(肚子) on the bank While I was fishing in the dull canal(运河) On a winter evening round behind the gashouse(煤气厂). 190 Musing(沉思) upon the king my brother’s wreck(船遇难) And on the king my father’s death before him. White bodies naked on the low damp(潮湿的) ground And bones cast(抛,扔) in a little low dry garret(阁楼), Rattled by the rat’s foot only, year to year. 195 But at my back from time to time I hear The sound of horns(喇叭) and motors(汽车), which shall bring Sweeney to Mrs. Porter in the spring. O the moon shone(shine照耀) bright on Mrs. Porter And on her daughter 200 They wash their feet in soda water Et, O ces voix d’enfants, chantant dans la coupole!(哦!听童男女的歌声,在教堂的圆顶下!)

    Twit twit twit(嘁嘁喳喳) Jug jug jug jug jug jug So rudely forc’d. 205 Tereu

    Unreal City Under the brown fog of a winter noon Mr Eugenides, the Smyrna merchant Unshaven(没有刮脸), with a pocket full of currants(葡萄干) 210 C. i. f. London: documents at sight, (托运伦敦免费,见款即交的提单) Asked me in demotic(通俗的//俗劣的) French To luncheon(午餐) at the Cannon Street Hotel Followed by a week-end at the Metropole(京华).

    At the violet(紫罗兰,紫色的) hour, when the eyes and back 215 Turn upward from the desk, when the human engine waits Like a taxi throbbing(悸动地) waiting, I Tiresias, though blind, throbbing between two lives, Old man with wrinkled(有皱纹的//干瘪的) female breasts, can see At the violet hour, the evening hour that strives(力求) 220 Homeward, and brings the sailor home from sea, The typist(打字员) home at tea-time, clears her breakfast, lights Her stove(炉), and lays out food in tins. Out of the window perilously(充满危险地,危机四伏地) spread Her drying combinations touched by the sun’s last rays, 225 On the divan(沙发) are piled (at night her bed) Stockings(长袜子), slippers(拖鞋), camisoles(小背心), and stays(紧身胸衣). I Tiresias, old man with wrinkled dugs Perceived(意识到) the scene, and foretold(预见) the rest— I too awaited the expected guest. 230 He, the young man carbuncular(有酒刺的), arrives, A small house-agent’s clerk, with one bold(勇敢的) stare, One of the low on whom assurance(厚脸皮,无耻//自得) sits As a silk hat on a Bradford millionaire. The time is now propitious(正是时机), as he guesses, 235 The meal is ended, she is bored and tired, Endeavours(尽力,竭力) to engage her in caresses(爱抚//温存) Which still are unreproved(没被责备), if undesired. Flushed(兴奋) and decided, he assaults(进攻) at once; Exploring hands encounter(遇到) no defence; 240 His vanity(虚荣) requires no response, And makes a welcome of indifference. (And I Tiresias have fore suffered all Enacted(制定,规定) on this same divan or bed; I who have sat by Thebes below the wall 245 And walked among the lowest of the dead.) Bestows(赠给) one final patronizing(恩赐的) kiss, And gropes(摸索) his way, finding the stairs unlit(未亮灯的)…

    She turns and looks a moment in the glass, Hardly aware of her departed lover; 250 Her brain allows one half-formed(半成形的//模糊的) thought to pass: “Well now that’s done: and I’m glad it’s over.” When lovely woman stoops(屈服,忍辱) to folly(愚行) and Paces(踱步) about her room again, alone, She smoothes her hair with automatic(机械的) hand, 255 And puts a record on the gramophone(留声机).

    “This music crept(爬行//流过) by me upon the waters” And along the Strand, up Queen Victoria Street. O City City, I can sometimes hear Beside a public bar in Lower Thames Street, 260 The pleasant whining(哀诉) of a mandoline(四弦琴) And a clatter(喧声) and a chatter (闲聊,喋喋不休声)from within Where fishmen lounge(懒洋洋地打发时间; 虚度光阴)at noon: where the walls Of Magnus Martyr(殉道堂) hold Inexplicable(莫名其妙的,无法解释的) splendour(辉煌) of Ionian(爱奥尼亚) white and gold.

    The river sweats(使出汗,使流出//洋溢) Oil and tar(沥青) The barges(驳船) drift(漂移) With the turning tide(潮) Red sails(帆船) 270 Wide To leeward(顺风), swing (摇摆)on the heavy spar(桅). The barges wash Drifting logs(原木) Down Greenwich reach 275 Past the Isle of Dogs. Weialala leia Wallala leialala Elizabeth and Leicester Beating oars(划着桨) 280 The stern(船尾) was formed A gilded(镀金的) shell Red and gold The brisk(轻快的//活泼的) swell(水浪0 Rippled(泛到) both shores 285 South-west wind Carried down stream(流) The peal(钟声) of bells White towers Weialala leia 290 Wallala leialala

    “Trams(电车) and dusty trees. Highbury(海倍里) bore me. Richmond and Kew Undid(毁) me. By Richmond I raised my knees Supine(仰卧) on the floor of a narrow canoe(独木舟).“ 295

    “My feet are at Moorgate, and my heart Under my feet. After the event He wept. He promised ‘a new start.’ I made no comment. What should I resent(怨恨)?”

    “On Margate Sands. 300 I can connect Nothing with nothing. The broken finger-nails of dirty hands. My people humble(卑贱的) people who expect Nothing.” 305

    la la

    To Carthage then I came

    Burning burning burning burning O Lord Thou pluckest(救) me out O Lord Thou pluckest 310

    burning

    IV. DEATH BY WATER

    Phlebas the Phoenician, a fortnight(两周) dead, Forgot the cry of gulls(海鸥), and the deep seas swell(深海巨浪) And the profit and loss. A current(洋流) under sea 315 Picked(啄) his bones in whispers. As he rose and fell He passed the stages of his age and youth Entering the whirlpool(漩涡). Gentile(外邦人) or Jew(犹太人) O you who turn the wheel and look to windward(风向), 320 Consider Phlebas, who was once handsome and tall as you.

  • 耘歇

    耘歇 (我是我自己随身携带的嶙峋青石) 组长 楼主 2015-10-31 22:35:13

    V. WHAT THE THUNDER SAID

    After the torch-light(火把) red on sweaty (汗湿)faces After the frosty silence in the gardens After the agony(痛苦//受难) in stony places The shouting and the crying 325 Prison and palace and reverberation(回音) Of thunder of spring over distant mountains He who was living is now dead We who were living are now dying With a little patience 330

    Here is no water but only rock Rock and no water and the sandy road The road winding above among the mountains Which are mountains of rock without water If there were water we should stop and drink 335 Amongst the rock one cannot stop or think Sweat is dry and feet are in the sand If there were only water amongst the rock Dead mountain mouth of carious teeth that cannot spit Here one can neither stand nor lie nor sit 340 There is not even silence in the mountains But dry sterile(不毛的,贫瘠的) thunder without rain There is not even solitude in the mountains But red sullen(愠怒的) faces sneer and snarl (嘲笑和詈骂) From doors of mud-cracked(泥裂的) houses If there were water 345 And no rock If there were rock And also water And water A spring 350 A pool among the rock If there were the sound of water only Not the cicada(蝉 ) And dry grass singing But sound of water over a rock 355 Where the hermit-thrush(画眉鸟) sings in the pine(松) trees Drip(滴答//淅沥) drop drip drop drop drop drop But there is no water

    Who is the third who walks always beside you? When I count, there are only you and I together 360 But when I look ahead up the white road There is always another one walking beside you Gliding(滑行) wrapt(裹着) in a brown mantle(斗篷), hooded(戴着头巾) I do not know whether a man or a woman —But who is that on the other side of you? 365

    What is that sound high in the air Murmur of maternal(母亲的) lamentation(哀悼) Who are those hooded hordes(一群) swarming(成群移动) Over endless plains, stumbling(跌跌撞撞) in cracked(干裂的) earth Ringed(环绕) by the flat horizon only 370 What is the city over the mountains Cracks(破裂) and reforms(修好) and bursts in the violet air Falling towers Jerusalem Athens Alexandria Vienna London 375 Unreal

    A woman drew her long black hair out tight And fiddled(弹) whisper music on those strings And bats(蝙蝠) with baby faces in the violet light Whistled(呼啸), and beat their wings 380 And crawled(爬) head downward down a blackened wall And upside down in air were towers Tolling reminiscent(怀旧的) bells, that kept the hours And voices singing out of empty cisterns(水槽) and exhausted wells.

    In this decayed(衰败//倾坍) hole among the mountains 385 In the faint(微弱的) moonlight, the grass is singing Over the tumbled(起伏的) graves, about the chapel(教堂) There is the empty chapel, only the wind’s home. It has no windows, and the door swings, Dry bones can harm no one. 390 Only a cock stood on the roof-tree Co co rico co co rico In a flash of lightning(闪电). Then a damp gust(风) Bringing rain Ganga (恒河)was sunken, and the limp(无力的) leaves 395 Waited for rain, while the black clouds Gathered far distant, over Himavant. The jungle crouched(蜷伏), humped(隆起) in silence. Then spoke the thunder DA 400 Datta: what have we given? My friend, blood shaking my heart The awful daring of a moment’s surrender(投降,屈服) Which an age of prudence(谨慎) can never retract(撤回//赎回) By this, and this only, we have existed 405 Which is not to be found in our obituaries(讣告) Or in memories draped(覆盖) by the beneficent spider Or under seals(密封) broken by the lean solicitor(律师) In our empty rooms DA 410 Dayadhvam: I have heard the key Turn in the door once and turn once only We think of the key, each in his prison Thinking of the key, each confirms(认定) a prison Only at nightfall, aetherial (灵界)rumours(谣言) 415 Revive(复苏) for a moment a broken Coriolanus DA Damyata: The boat responded Gaily(欢快地), to the hand expert with sail and oar The sea was calm, your heart would have responded 420 Gaily, when invited, beating obedient To controlling hands

    I sat upon the shore

    Fishing, with the arid(贫瘠的) plain behind me Shall I at least set my lands in order? 425

    London Bridge is falling down falling down falling down

    Poi s’ascose nel foco che gli affina Quando fiam ceu chelidon—O swallow swallow Le Prince d’Aquitaine à la tour abolie These fragments(碎片) I have shored against my ruins 430 Why then Ile fit you. Hieronymo’s mad againe. Datta. Dayadhvam. Damyata.

    Shantih shantih shantih

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