为什么中国人不过感恩节。

快樂(流畅感。)

2015-11-26 10:03:58

　　“11月的第四个星期四是感恩节。今年的感恩节是11月25日 也就是明天 感恩节是美国人民独创的一个古老节日，也是美国人合家欢聚的节日，因此美国人提起感恩节总是倍感亲切。 感恩节的由来要一直追溯到美国历史的发端。1620年，著名的“五月花”号船满载不堪忍受英国国内宗教迫害的清教徒102人到达美洲。1620年和1621年之交的冬天，他们遇到了难以想象的困难，处在饥寒交迫之中，冬天过去时，活下来的移民只有50来人。这时，心地善良的印第安人给移民送来了生活必需品，还特地派人教他们怎样狩猎、捕鱼和种植玉米、南瓜。在印第安人的帮助下，移民们终于获得了丰收，在欢庆丰收的日子，按照宗教传统习俗，移民规定了感谢上帝的日子，并决定为感谢印第安人的真诚帮助，邀请他们一同庆祝节日。 在第一个感恩节的这一天，印第安人和移民欢聚一堂，他们在黎明时鸣放礼炮，列队走进一间用作教堂的屋子，虔诚地向上帝表达谢意，然后点起篝火举行盛大宴会。第二天和第三天又举行了摔交、赛跑、唱歌、跳舞等活动。第一个感恩节非常成功。其中许多庆祝方式流传了300多年，一直保留到今天。 初时感恩节没有固定日期，由各州临时决定，直到美国独立后，感恩节才成为全国性的节日。 每逢感恩节这一天，美国举国上下热闹非常，人们按照习俗前往教堂做感恩祈祷，城乡市镇到处都有化装游行、戏剧表演或体育比赛等。劳燕分飞了一年的亲人们也会从天南海北归来，一家人团团圆圆，品尝美味的感恩节火鸡。 感恩节的食品富有传统特色。火鸡是感恩节的传统主菜，通常是把火鸡肚子里塞上各种调料和拌好的食品，然后整只烤出，由男主人用刀切成薄片分给大家。此外，感恩节的传统食品还有甜山芋、玉蜀黍、南瓜饼、红莓苔子果酱等。 感恩节宴会后，人们有时会做些传统游戏，比如南瓜赛跑是比赛者用一把小勺推着南瓜跑，规则是不能用手碰南瓜，先到终点者获胜。比赛用的勺子越小，游戏就越有意思。 多少年来，庆祝感恩节的习俗代代相传，无论在岩石嶙峋的西海岸还是在风光旖旎的夏威夷，人们几乎在以同样的方式欢度感恩节，感恩节是不论何种信仰、何种民族的美国人都庆祝的传统节日。”

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  快樂 (流畅感。) 楼主 2015-11-26 10:05:49

  　　真不敢相信感恩节是这么来的， 　　可是米国人后来是怎么对待印第安人的呢？

  　　这个节日竟然传承下来了， 　　多么奇葩的国度啊

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  快樂 (流畅感。) 楼主 2015-11-27 13:31:41

  Despite Similarities, Pocahontas Gets Love, Malinche Gets Hate. Why? http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/11/25/457256340/despite-similarities-pocahontas-gets-love-malinche-gets-hate-why That's when the co-host threw the insult: Perhaps Fernández was a malinchista, which means a traitor to one's own people, someone who prefers a foreign culture over his own. The comment spread throughout the world of sportsblogs like wildfire. "José Ramón Fernández, ¿malinchista? " asked one op-ed. "I used to respect him, but he has turned into a crazy old malinchista! " laments one commenter on the YouTube video. 当主持人把侮辱:也许费尔南德斯malinchista,这意味着一个背叛自己的人,更喜欢外国文化的人在他自己的。评论像野火一样sportsblogs传遍世界。“何塞-拉蒙·费尔南德斯,还有malinchista ?”一个专栏问道。“我尊重他,但他变成了一个疯狂的老malinchista !”一位评论者在YouTube视频哀叹道。 So who was this woman, Malinche, whose very name, more than 500 years after the Spanish conquest, continues to elicit such ire? Malinche,那么谁是这个女人的名字,500多年来在西班牙征服后,继续引起如此愤怒? Malinche was an Native American woman who aided Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés, with whom she had a child. In many ways her story parallels that of Pocahontas, but she's often invoked as an Uncle Tom. Malinche是一个印第安妇女帮助西班牙征服者赫尔南科尔特斯,生下一个孩子。在许多方面她的故事的相似之处,波卡洪塔斯,但是她经常调用的汤姆叔叔。 Pocahontas has a very different reputation. Thanks to Disney, the first thing that may come to mind is a scantily clad babe engaged in a forbidden romance with John Smith, a blond hunk with a helluva jawline. She was the daughter of Powhatan, chief of Tsenacommacah. English Captain John Smith arrived in Virginia in 1607, and months later was captured by her brother. The legend goes, he was set to be executed, and Pocahontas saved him. 波卡洪塔斯有一个非常不同的声誉。由于迪斯尼,想到的第一件事可能是一个衣着暴露的美女从事禁止与约翰·史密斯,一个金发帅哥宏大的下颌的轮廓。她的女儿波瓦坦,Tsenacommacah首席。英语上的约翰。史密斯船长抵达弗吉尼亚在1607年和几个月后被她的哥哥。传说,他是执行组,波卡·洪塔斯救了他。 Her real story is hard to pin down but what we do know is quite brutal. 她真正的故事是很难确定,但我们所知道的是很残酷的。 Her real name was Mataoka. Pocahontas was a nickname, which means "naughty one. " She was around 10 years old when she met Smith, who is often described in historical accounts as abrasive and ambitious. There are many theories as to why the Powhatan spared Smith, but they have little to do with an unlikely romance with Pocahontas. Historians think Smith was simply more valuable alive than dead to broker relations between the English and the Powhatans. 她的真名是Mataoka。波卡洪塔斯是一个昵称,这意味着“顽皮的一个。“她是大约10岁的时候,她遇见了史密斯,他经常被描述在历史叙述磨料和雄心勃勃的。有许多理论为什么史密斯波瓦坦幸免,但他们与波卡洪塔斯与一个不太可能的浪漫。历史学家认为史密斯只是活着比死了更有价值,代理关系英语和波瓦坦囚禁。 In 1612, around the age of 17, Pocahontas was held hostage for a year. In The True Story of Pocahontas, The Other Side of History Dr. Linwood "Little Bear" Custalow writes the oral history of the Mattaponi tribe, which states that Pocahontas was raped during captivity. She was married off to John Rolfe, a widower nearly twice her age. (He's responsible for commercializing tobacco.) According to several sources, she was already married to an Indian warrior, with whom she'd had a child. In any case, she was renamed Rebecca Rolfe and taken to England. 1612年,在17岁时,波卡洪塔斯一年的人质。在波卡洪塔斯的真实故事,历史的另一面林伍德博士写道Custalow“小熊的口述历史Mattaponi部落,即波卡洪塔斯囚禁期间被强奸。她嫁给约翰。罗尔夫,鳏夫近她的年龄的两倍。他负责商业化的烟草。据几位的来源,她已经嫁给了一个印度人战士,与她有了一个孩子。在任何情况下,她改名为丽贝卡·罗尔夫和英格兰。 Pocahontas died at age 21, on a ship back to Virginia. 波卡洪塔斯死在21岁时,在一艘回到维吉尼亚。 José Orozco's painting depicts the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortés and Malinche, who served as his interpreter and bore his child. 何塞·奥罗斯科的绘画描绘了西班牙征服者赫尔南科尔特斯和Malinche,担任他的翻译,给他生了孩子。 José Orozco's painting depicts the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortés and Malinche, who served as his interpreter and bore his child. 何塞·奥罗斯科的绘画描绘了西班牙征服者赫尔南科尔特斯和Malinche,担任他的翻译,给他生了孩子。 Creative Commons 知识共享 Like Pocahontas, Malinche is a woman of many names. She's also known as Malintzin and was later renamed Marina by the Spanish. 像波卡洪塔斯,Malinche是一个女人的名字。她也被称为Malintzin,后来改名为码头的西班牙语。 The facts about Malinche are also obscured by myth, and by the interests of the men who wrote her into history. She's believed to have been born sometime around the early 1500s. She was among twenty women given to the Spaniard in 1519 by a Mayan lord. Bernal Diaz Del Castillo, who traveled with Cortés wrote: "What the other women were named, I do not know, cannot remember all the names, and it isn't important ... Cortés allotted one of them to each of his captains and Doña Marina, as she was pretty, engaging, and hardy, he gave to Alonzo Hernández Puertocarrero." 关于Malinche的事实也被神话,和写历史的人的利益。她认为是出生在1500年代初左右。她在二十岁女性给西班牙人在1519年由一位玛雅人的耶和华说的。伯纳尔·迪亚兹德尔卡斯蒂略,随议会写道:“什么叫其他女人,我不知道,不记得名字,它并不重要…议会给每一个他的队长和其中一个小姐滨,她漂亮,迷人,哈代,他给·埃尔南德斯Puertocarrero。” After Puertocarrero was sent back to Spain, Cortés kept Malinche by his side as an interpreter. They had a child, named Martin Cortés. (Strangely, Cortes also gave this name to his second child, with a Spanish woman.) Later on she married a Spaniard, Juan Jaramillo, and had a daughter. Puertocarrero返回西班牙后,议会保持Malinche作为翻译在他身边。他们有一个孩子,名叫马丁议会。(奇怪的是,议会也把这个名字给了他的第二个孩子,一个西班牙女人。)后来她嫁给了一个西班牙人,胡安Jaramillo,有一个女儿。 Malinche's translating services are described in various texts as instrumental to the Spanish conquest. Cortés, who like John Smith, had a nasty reputation, only mentioned her twice, briefly, in correspondence with the Spanish crown. "La lengua... que es una India desta tierra": "the tongue (translator)... who is an Indian from this land." Malinche翻译服务描述在各种文本作为西班牙征服的工具。议会,像约翰·史密斯,恶劣的名声,只是提到了她两次,简单地说,在与西班牙王室的信件。“”代替…,es una印度比伊·德斯塔tierra”:“舌头(翻译)…谁是印度这片土地。” Iconic Mexican writer Octavio Paz wrote about Malinche as both a victim and a traitor: "It is true that she gave herself voluntarily to the conquistador, but he forgot her as soon as her usefulness was over. Doña Marina becomes a figure representing the Indian women who were fascinated, violated or seduced by the Spaniards. And as a small boy will not forgive his mother if she abandons him to search for his father, the Mexican people have not forgiven La Malinche for her betrayal." 标志性的墨西哥作家奥克塔维奥帕斯写Malinche作为受害者和叛徒:“没错,她给自己自愿征服者,但他忘了她只要她不再有用了。小姐码头成为图代表印度女性着迷,违反或被西班牙人。当一个小男孩不会原谅他母亲如果她放弃他去寻找他的父亲,墨西哥人无法拉Malinche原谅她的背叛。” In English, no one would say you're "pulling a Pocahontas" if you help someone who is not to be trusted. So why is malinchismo thrown around as an insult? To find out, I reached out to Sandra Cypess, professor emeritus of Latin American history at the University of Maryland. She's the author of La Malinche In Mexican Literature: From History To Myth. 在英语中,没有人会说你是“拉波卡洪塔斯”如果你帮助的人并不值得信任。那么为什么malinchismo扔在侮辱吗?为了找到答案,我伸出桑德拉Cypess,名誉教授在马里兰大学的拉丁美洲历史。她在墨西哥的作者La Malinche文学:从历史的神话。 Cypess told me to take a look at the Mexican painter Jose Orozco's most famous work, in which Malinche and Cortes are portrayed as Adam and Eve. The negative image that Malinche has is due to "the influence of Catholicism" on Mexican culture, she explains. "All the information about Eve as a bad person falls on the shoulders of Malinche. She is the Mexican Eve. " Cypess also points out that Malinche's bad reputation is not as old as her story: When Mexico broke free of Spain, she began to be cast in novels and popular culture in an evil light, as the traitor. Cypess告诉我看看墨西哥画家何塞·奥罗斯科最著名的作品,其中Malinche和议会是描绘成亚当和夏娃。Malinche的负面形象是由于墨西哥文化“天主教的影响”,她解释道。“所有的信息前夕是一个坏的人落在Malinche的肩膀上。她是墨西哥夏娃。“Cypess还指出,Malinche的坏名声不是和她一样古老的故事:当西班牙墨西哥挣脱了,她开始在小说和流行文化在一个邪恶的光,叛徒。 "The real Malinche, of flesh and bone, must have been very intelligent. " Cypess tells me. "Here's something interesting: In the Catholic faith women were not supposed to talk in public. And she talked. In Aztec culture, Moctezuma, was the Aztec ruler, known also as Tlatoani, or 'he who speaks. ' Only the powerful spoke. And this slave woman broke the rules when she became a translator." “真正的Malinche的血肉和骨头,一定是非常聪明的。”Cypess告诉我。“这是有趣的事情:在天主教信仰妇女不应该在公共场合说话。和她说话。蒙特苏马在阿兹特克文化,是阿兹特克的统治者,也称为Tlatoani,”他说。只有强大了。和这个奴隶女人打破了规则当她成为一个翻译。” Ultimately, Cypess points out, characterizing Malinche as a traitor and Pocahontas as a heroine gives the women a free will they didn't really have. Becoming a savior or a villain, taking on a lover or rejecting him — these are choices. Neither woman had much say in her fate. 最终,Cypess指出,描述Malinche作为叛徒和波卡洪塔斯女主角给女性一个他们没有自由意志。成为救世主或一个恶棍,一个情人或拒绝他——这些都是选择。无论女人都说在她的命运。 In the '60s and '70s feminist movements, especially in Chicano literature, started rescuing Malinche's reputation. They saw her as a woman who survived a life trapped between two cultures, and ultimately, "mother of all mestizos." 在60年代和70年代的女权主义运动,尤其是在奇卡诺文学,开始拯救Malinche的声誉。他们看到她作为一个女人谁幸存下来的生活被困在两种文化之间,最终,“所有混血儿的母亲。” But her name remains a popular insult. 但她的名字仍然是一个受欢迎的侮辱。 In her 1973 poem Como Duele (How It Hurts), author Adaljiza Sosa-Riddell put it quite succinctly: 在她1973年诗科莫Duele(如何疼),作者Adaljiza Sosa-Riddell把它很简洁: "P-nche, que dificil ser Malinche"/ "F—, how hard it is to be Malinche." “P-nche,dificil ser Malinche " F -,有多难Malinche。”

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  快樂 (流畅感。) 楼主 2015-11-27 13:35:11

  　　宝嘉康蒂，Pocahontas 　　迪斯尼《风中奇缘》的女主人公 　　印第安人的公主

  　　她的真实经历

  　　我都不知道等我女儿长大以后 　　看到这些 　　她会怎么想 　　

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  快樂 (流畅感。) 楼主 2015-11-27 13:40:54

  　　关于感恩节她现在知道的只是： 　　火鸡。

  　　因为幼儿园教小朋友们 　　用光盘做了火鸡的手工

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