Chris Langan以及其他世界上最聪明的名人
born c. 1952) is an American autodidact whose IQ was reported by 20/20 and other media sources to have been measured at between 195 and 210.[1] Billed by some media sources as "the smartest man in America",[2] he rose to prominence in 1999 while working as a bouncer on Long Island. Langan has developed his own "theory of the relationship between mind and reality" which he calls the "Cognitive-Theoretic Model of the Universe (CTMU)".[3][4]
Life
Langan was born in San Francisco and spent most of his early life in Montana. His mother was the daughter of a wealthy shipping executive but was cut off from her family; his father died or disappeared before he was born.[5] He began talking at six months, taught himself to read before he was four, and was repeatedly skipped ahead in school.[6] But he grew up in poverty and says he was beaten by his stepfather from when he was almost six to when he was about fourteen.[7] By then Langan had begun weight training, and forcibly ended the abuse, throwing his stepfather out of the house and telling him never to return.[8]
Langan says he spent the last years of high school mostly in independent study, teaching himself "advanced math, physics, philosophy, Latin and Greek, all that".[9] After earning a perfect score on the SAT[7] Langan attended Reed College and later Montana State University, but faced with finance and transportation problems, and believing that he "could literally teach [his professors] more than they could teach [him]", dropped out.[9]
He took a string of labor-intensive jobs, and by his mid-40s had been a construction worker, cowboy, forest service firefighter, farmhand, and for over twenty years, a bouncer on Long Island. He says he developed a "double-life strategy", on one side a regular guy, doing his job and exchanging pleasantries, and on the other side coming home to perform equations in his head, working in isolation on his Cognitive-Theoretic Model of the Universe.[9]
Wider attention came in 1999, when Esquire magazine published a profile of Langan and other members of the high-IQ community.[9] Billing Langan as "the smartest man in America", Mike Sager's account of the weight-lifting bouncer and his CTMU "Theory of Everything" sparked a flurry of media interest. Board-certified neuropsychologist Dr. Robert Novelly tested Langan's IQ for 20/20, which reported that Langan broke the ceiling of the test. Novelly was said to be astounded, saying: "Chris is the highest individual that I have ever measured in 25 years of doing this."[7]
Articles and interviews highlighting Langan appeared in Popular Science,[10] The Times,[8] Newsday,[6] Muscle & Fitness (which reported that he could bench 500 pounds),[11] and elsewhere. Langan was featured on 20/20,[7] interviewed on BBC Radio[12] and on Errol Morris's First Person,[13] and participated in an online chat at ABCNEWS.com.[14] He has written question-and-answer columns for New York Newsday,[15] The Improper Hamptonian,[16] and Men's Fitness.[17]
In 2004, Langan moved with his wife Gina (née LoSasso), a clinical neuropsychologist, to northern Missouri, where he owns and operates a horse ranch.[18]
On January 25, 2008, Langan was a contestant on NBC's 1 vs. 100, where he won $250,000.[19]
Ideas, affiliations, and publications
In 1999 Langan and his wife, Gina LoSasso, formed a non-profit corporation called the "Mega Foundation" to "create and implement programs that aid in the development of extremely gifted individuals and their ideas."[20] In addition to his writings at the Foundation, Langan's media exposure at the end of the 1990s invariably included some discussion of his "Cognitive-Theoretic Model of the Universe" (often referred to by Langan as "CTMU"), and he was reported by Popular Science in 2001 to be writing a book about his work called Design for a Universe.[10] He has been quoted as saying that "you cannot describe the universe completely with any accuracy unless you're willing to admit that it's both physical and mental in nature"[11] and that his CTMU "explains the connection between mind and reality, therefore the presence of cognition and universe in the same phrase".[14] He calls his proposal "a true 'Theory of Everything', a cross between John Archibald Wheeler's 'Participatory Universe' and Stephen Hawking's 'Imaginary Time' theory of cosmology."[9] In conjunction with his ideas, Langan has claimed that "you can prove the existence of God, the soul and an afterlife, using mathematics."[7]
兰根
Langan is a fellow of the International Society for Complexity, Information, and Design (ISCID),[21] a professional society which promotes intelligent design,[22] and has published a paper on his CTMU in the society's online journal Progress in Complexity, Information, and Design in 2002.[23] Later that year, he presented a lecture on his CTMU at ISCID's Research and Progress in Intelligent Design (RAPID) conference.[24] In 2004, Langan contributed a chapter to Uncommon Dissent, a collection of essays that question unguided evolution and promote intelligent design, edited by ISCID cofounder and leading intelligent design proponent William Dembski.[25]
Asked about creationism, Langan has said:
I believe in the theory of evolution, but I believe as well in the allegorical truth of creation theory. In other words, I believe that evolution, including the principle of natural selection, is one of the tools used by God to create mankind. Mankind is then a participant in the creation of the universe itself, so that we have a closed loop. I believe that there is a level on which science and religious metaphor are mutually compatible.[14]
Langan has said he does not belong to any religious denomination, explaining that he "can't afford to let [his] logical approach to theology be prejudiced by religious dogma."[14] He calls himself "a respecter of all faiths, among peoples everywhere."[14]
He has recently been profiled in Malcolm Gladwell's book Outliers: The Story of Success[26], where Gladwell looks at the reasons behind why Langan was unable to flourish in a university environment. Gladwell writes that although Langan "read deeply in philosophy, mathematics, and physics" as he worked on the CTMU, "without academic credentials, he despairs of ever getting published in a scholarly journal".[27] Gladwell's profile on Langan mainly portrayed him as an example of an individual who failed to realize his potential in part because of poor social skills resulting from, in Gladwell's speculation, being raised in poverty. [28]
Famous People
Here are a few of their I.Q.s
Albert Einstein 阿尔伯特 爱因斯坦
IQ Score 160
Andy Warhol 安迪 沃霍尔
IQ Score 86
Bill Clinton 比尔 林肯
IQ Score 137
Bill Gates 比尔 盖茨
IQ Score 160
Christopher Langan 本人主角
IQ Score 195
Geena Davis 戴维斯
IQ Score 140
George W. Bush 小布什
IQ Score 125
Hillary Clinton 希拉里 克林顿
IQ Score 140
James Woods 詹姆斯 伍兹
IQ Score 180
Jodie Foster 朱迪 福斯特
IQ Score 132
Judith Polgar 朱迪思 波加
IQ Score 170
Kim Ung Yong-the world's highest IQ! 世界上最高的智商 韩国 金雄鎔
IQ Score 210
Madonna 麦当娜
IQ Score 140
Marilyn Vos Savant - the world's smartest woman 玛丽琳 世界上最聪明的女人
IQ Score 186
Nicole Kidman
IQ Score 132
Philip Emeagwali 菲利普
IQ Score 190
Quinton Tarantino
IQ Score 160
Shakira
IQ Score 140
Sharon Stone
IQ Score 154
Stephen Hawking 斯蒂芬 霍金
IQ Score 160
The Highest IQs On Record 最高的智商记录
People Still Alive 还活着的人
Kim Ung-yong 金雄鎔 智商210
♢物理学家 / 工程师 金雄鎔 有已证实的智商成绩210
♢保镖 克里斯蒂夫 迈克尔 兰根 有已证实的智商成绩195
♢工程师 菲利普 Emeagwali 据说有190的智商
♢国际象棋世界冠军卡斯帕罗夫据说有190的智商
♢作家玛莉莲莎凡拥有186的已核实智商
♢演员詹姆斯伍兹据说有180的智商
♢政客约翰H苏努努据说有180的智商
♢本雅明内塔尼亚胡总理据说有180的智商
♢数学家安德鲁怀尔斯据说有170的智商
♢国际象棋世界冠军波尔加朱迪据说有170的智商
♢国际象棋特级大师罗伯特伯恩据说有170的智商
♢国际象棋世界冠军鲍比菲舍尔据说有167的智商
♢数学家/物理学家斯蒂芬霍金据说超过160的智商
♢微软创始人保罗艾伦据说超过160的智商
♢女演员莎朗斯通被指控有154的智商
From the Past 历史上的
In 1926, psychologist Dr. Catherine Morris Cox – who had been assisted by Dr. Lewis M. Terman, Dr. Florence L. Goodenaugh, and Dr. Kate Gordon – published a study “of the most eminent men and women” who had lived between 1450 and 1850 to estimate what their IQs might have been. Data from that study as well as other sources around the net were compiled to form the following list. Please drop me a comment if you have additions or corrections (make sure and cite sources).
190 – Ludwig Wittgenstein
190 – Sir Isaac Newton
190 РFran̤ois-Marie Arouet (Voltaire)
180 – Leonardo da Vinci
180 – David Hume
180 – Buonarroti Michelangelo
179 – Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
176 – Emanuel Swedenborg
176 – Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz
175 – Johannes Kepler
175 – Edmund Spenser
175 – Baruch Spinoza
174 – John Stuart Mill
171 – Blaise Pascal
170 – Michael Faraday
170 – George Friedrich Händel
170 – Antoine Lavoisier
170 – Martin Luther
165 – Galileo Galilei
165 – Charlotte Brontë
165 – Johann Sebastian Bach
165 – Thomas Hobbes
165 РCarl von Linn̩
165 – John Locke
165 – Joseph Priestley
165 – Ludwig van Beethoven
165 – Samuel Johnson
162 РRen̩ Descartes
162 – Madame De Stael
160 – Albert Einstein
160 – Robert Boyle
160 – Benjamin Franklin
159 – Immanuel Kant
156 – Linus Carl Pauling
156 – Sofia Kovalevskaya
156 – Thomas Chatterton
156 – Olof Palme
155 – Rembrandt van Rijn
155 – Miguel de Cervantes
155 – Jonathan Swift
153 – Charles Darwin
153 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
150 – George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans)
150 – Nicolaus Copernicus
150 – Abraham Lincoln
145 – Napoleon Bonaparte
145 – Anna Lindh
143 – George Sand (Aurore Dupin)
140 – George Washington
130 – Ulysses S. Grant
130 – Sir Francis Drake
Also, see Wikipedia’s list of Universal Genius (Polymaths).
Life
Langan was born in San Francisco and spent most of his early life in Montana. His mother was the daughter of a wealthy shipping executive but was cut off from her family; his father died or disappeared before he was born.[5] He began talking at six months, taught himself to read before he was four, and was repeatedly skipped ahead in school.[6] But he grew up in poverty and says he was beaten by his stepfather from when he was almost six to when he was about fourteen.[7] By then Langan had begun weight training, and forcibly ended the abuse, throwing his stepfather out of the house and telling him never to return.[8]
Langan says he spent the last years of high school mostly in independent study, teaching himself "advanced math, physics, philosophy, Latin and Greek, all that".[9] After earning a perfect score on the SAT[7] Langan attended Reed College and later Montana State University, but faced with finance and transportation problems, and believing that he "could literally teach [his professors] more than they could teach [him]", dropped out.[9]
He took a string of labor-intensive jobs, and by his mid-40s had been a construction worker, cowboy, forest service firefighter, farmhand, and for over twenty years, a bouncer on Long Island. He says he developed a "double-life strategy", on one side a regular guy, doing his job and exchanging pleasantries, and on the other side coming home to perform equations in his head, working in isolation on his Cognitive-Theoretic Model of the Universe.[9]
Wider attention came in 1999, when Esquire magazine published a profile of Langan and other members of the high-IQ community.[9] Billing Langan as "the smartest man in America", Mike Sager's account of the weight-lifting bouncer and his CTMU "Theory of Everything" sparked a flurry of media interest. Board-certified neuropsychologist Dr. Robert Novelly tested Langan's IQ for 20/20, which reported that Langan broke the ceiling of the test. Novelly was said to be astounded, saying: "Chris is the highest individual that I have ever measured in 25 years of doing this."[7]
Articles and interviews highlighting Langan appeared in Popular Science,[10] The Times,[8] Newsday,[6] Muscle & Fitness (which reported that he could bench 500 pounds),[11] and elsewhere. Langan was featured on 20/20,[7] interviewed on BBC Radio[12] and on Errol Morris's First Person,[13] and participated in an online chat at ABCNEWS.com.[14] He has written question-and-answer columns for New York Newsday,[15] The Improper Hamptonian,[16] and Men's Fitness.[17]
In 2004, Langan moved with his wife Gina (née LoSasso), a clinical neuropsychologist, to northern Missouri, where he owns and operates a horse ranch.[18]
On January 25, 2008, Langan was a contestant on NBC's 1 vs. 100, where he won $250,000.[19]
Ideas, affiliations, and publications
In 1999 Langan and his wife, Gina LoSasso, formed a non-profit corporation called the "Mega Foundation" to "create and implement programs that aid in the development of extremely gifted individuals and their ideas."[20] In addition to his writings at the Foundation, Langan's media exposure at the end of the 1990s invariably included some discussion of his "Cognitive-Theoretic Model of the Universe" (often referred to by Langan as "CTMU"), and he was reported by Popular Science in 2001 to be writing a book about his work called Design for a Universe.[10] He has been quoted as saying that "you cannot describe the universe completely with any accuracy unless you're willing to admit that it's both physical and mental in nature"[11] and that his CTMU "explains the connection between mind and reality, therefore the presence of cognition and universe in the same phrase".[14] He calls his proposal "a true 'Theory of Everything', a cross between John Archibald Wheeler's 'Participatory Universe' and Stephen Hawking's 'Imaginary Time' theory of cosmology."[9] In conjunction with his ideas, Langan has claimed that "you can prove the existence of God, the soul and an afterlife, using mathematics."[7]
兰根
Langan is a fellow of the International Society for Complexity, Information, and Design (ISCID),[21] a professional society which promotes intelligent design,[22] and has published a paper on his CTMU in the society's online journal Progress in Complexity, Information, and Design in 2002.[23] Later that year, he presented a lecture on his CTMU at ISCID's Research and Progress in Intelligent Design (RAPID) conference.[24] In 2004, Langan contributed a chapter to Uncommon Dissent, a collection of essays that question unguided evolution and promote intelligent design, edited by ISCID cofounder and leading intelligent design proponent William Dembski.[25]
Asked about creationism, Langan has said:
I believe in the theory of evolution, but I believe as well in the allegorical truth of creation theory. In other words, I believe that evolution, including the principle of natural selection, is one of the tools used by God to create mankind. Mankind is then a participant in the creation of the universe itself, so that we have a closed loop. I believe that there is a level on which science and religious metaphor are mutually compatible.[14]
Langan has said he does not belong to any religious denomination, explaining that he "can't afford to let [his] logical approach to theology be prejudiced by religious dogma."[14] He calls himself "a respecter of all faiths, among peoples everywhere."[14]
He has recently been profiled in Malcolm Gladwell's book Outliers: The Story of Success[26], where Gladwell looks at the reasons behind why Langan was unable to flourish in a university environment. Gladwell writes that although Langan "read deeply in philosophy, mathematics, and physics" as he worked on the CTMU, "without academic credentials, he despairs of ever getting published in a scholarly journal".[27] Gladwell's profile on Langan mainly portrayed him as an example of an individual who failed to realize his potential in part because of poor social skills resulting from, in Gladwell's speculation, being raised in poverty. [28]
Famous People
Here are a few of their I.Q.s
Albert Einstein 阿尔伯特 爱因斯坦
IQ Score 160
Andy Warhol 安迪 沃霍尔
IQ Score 86
Bill Clinton 比尔 林肯
IQ Score 137
Bill Gates 比尔 盖茨
IQ Score 160
Christopher Langan 本人主角
IQ Score 195
Geena Davis 戴维斯
IQ Score 140
George W. Bush 小布什
IQ Score 125
Hillary Clinton 希拉里 克林顿
IQ Score 140
James Woods 詹姆斯 伍兹
IQ Score 180
Jodie Foster 朱迪 福斯特
IQ Score 132
Judith Polgar 朱迪思 波加
IQ Score 170
Kim Ung Yong-the world's highest IQ! 世界上最高的智商 韩国 金雄鎔
IQ Score 210
Madonna 麦当娜
IQ Score 140
Marilyn Vos Savant - the world's smartest woman 玛丽琳 世界上最聪明的女人
IQ Score 186
Nicole Kidman
IQ Score 132
Philip Emeagwali 菲利普
IQ Score 190
Quinton Tarantino
IQ Score 160
Shakira
IQ Score 140
Sharon Stone
IQ Score 154
Stephen Hawking 斯蒂芬 霍金
IQ Score 160
The Highest IQs On Record 最高的智商记录
People Still Alive 还活着的人
Kim Ung-yong 金雄鎔 智商210
♢物理学家 / 工程师 金雄鎔 有已证实的智商成绩210
♢保镖 克里斯蒂夫 迈克尔 兰根 有已证实的智商成绩195
♢工程师 菲利普 Emeagwali 据说有190的智商
♢国际象棋世界冠军卡斯帕罗夫据说有190的智商
♢作家玛莉莲莎凡拥有186的已核实智商
♢演员詹姆斯伍兹据说有180的智商
♢政客约翰H苏努努据说有180的智商
♢本雅明内塔尼亚胡总理据说有180的智商
♢数学家安德鲁怀尔斯据说有170的智商
♢国际象棋世界冠军波尔加朱迪据说有170的智商
♢国际象棋特级大师罗伯特伯恩据说有170的智商
♢国际象棋世界冠军鲍比菲舍尔据说有167的智商
♢数学家/物理学家斯蒂芬霍金据说超过160的智商
♢微软创始人保罗艾伦据说超过160的智商
♢女演员莎朗斯通被指控有154的智商
From the Past 历史上的
In 1926, psychologist Dr. Catherine Morris Cox – who had been assisted by Dr. Lewis M. Terman, Dr. Florence L. Goodenaugh, and Dr. Kate Gordon – published a study “of the most eminent men and women” who had lived between 1450 and 1850 to estimate what their IQs might have been. Data from that study as well as other sources around the net were compiled to form the following list. Please drop me a comment if you have additions or corrections (make sure and cite sources).
190 – Ludwig Wittgenstein
190 – Sir Isaac Newton
190 РFran̤ois-Marie Arouet (Voltaire)
180 – Leonardo da Vinci
180 – David Hume
180 – Buonarroti Michelangelo
179 – Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
176 – Emanuel Swedenborg
176 – Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz
175 – Johannes Kepler
175 – Edmund Spenser
175 – Baruch Spinoza
174 – John Stuart Mill
171 – Blaise Pascal
170 – Michael Faraday
170 – George Friedrich Händel
170 – Antoine Lavoisier
170 – Martin Luther
165 – Galileo Galilei
165 – Charlotte Brontë
165 – Johann Sebastian Bach
165 – Thomas Hobbes
165 РCarl von Linn̩
165 – John Locke
165 – Joseph Priestley
165 – Ludwig van Beethoven
165 – Samuel Johnson
162 РRen̩ Descartes
162 – Madame De Stael
160 – Albert Einstein
160 – Robert Boyle
160 – Benjamin Franklin
159 – Immanuel Kant
156 – Linus Carl Pauling
156 – Sofia Kovalevskaya
156 – Thomas Chatterton
156 – Olof Palme
155 – Rembrandt van Rijn
155 – Miguel de Cervantes
155 – Jonathan Swift
153 – Charles Darwin
153 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
150 – George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans)
150 – Nicolaus Copernicus
150 – Abraham Lincoln
145 – Napoleon Bonaparte
145 – Anna Lindh
143 – George Sand (Aurore Dupin)
140 – George Washington
130 – Ulysses S. Grant
130 – Sir Francis Drake
Also, see Wikipedia’s list of Universal Genius (Polymaths).
