关于天然染色的一切（不斷更新）
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【植物染色】常用的天然媒染剂
http://www.yuanye01.com/?action-viewnews-itemid-58
1,灰水:利用木材,稻草,麦草,经过完全燃烧成灰后,筛出细灰,取灰加热水搅拌,沈淀之后即可取出澄清灰水.灰水最早被利用的漂白剂与媒染剂,灰水不但可让染液发色,还可固色,经过灰水处理所染出的颜色更鲜丽,又不易褪色,利用灰水当媒染剂,能染出明度及彩度较高的色泽.(我來補充：草木灰是柴草燃燒後殘留的灰燼物質，屬鹼性，主要成分是碳酸鉀（K2CO3），在紅花紅色素提取過程中會添加的東西)
2,醋:一般常用米醋,乌梅,石榴等酸性汁液,在染色之前加数滴入染液中.尤其是染红色系的红花,就必须利用鸟梅水(乌醋)来中和,才能显出鲜丽的红色.（我來補充：紅花染時用的就是烏梅醋）
3,石灰水:利用生石灰加水搅拌,沈淀后取澄清石灰水即可,但易伤损尤其蚕丝,所以染蚕丝时不取用石灰水为媒染剂,石灰水只用在染棉或麻布上.
4,明矾:属於透明结晶,加热水可溶解,尤其和茜草配合,所染出的色泽更鲜丽.（我來補充：明礬加深顔色，使其更加艷麗。）
5,铁:铁是染黑色的重要媒染剂.现代最简易的方法是,取不同的生锈铁钉五百公克,放入大口瓶内,加入一杯塩及一杯或半杯面粉,再灌入十杯热水,放置十日,过滤瓶内铁钉之后,所得的液体即是染黑的铁媒染剂。（我來補充：可以加深顔色，但會使顔色變灰暗）
使用方法：
进行染布
1,准备媒染剂,视所需染的颜色决定媒染剂,用量为布重的3—5%.媒染剂充份溶於水中,至於是否要加温,则视种类而定.
2,将染布放入媒染液中进行媒染20分.
3,将媒染过的被染物拧乾后再投入染液中进行加温染色,高温染色中必须不停地搅拌翻动,以避免造成染斑加温.加温染色时间以半小时为原则.
4,关闭热源待其自动降温至常温.
5,取出被染物充分清洗,晾晒,完成.
6,若能再重染一次则效果更佳,但此次不需加媒染剂.
-红花染----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Dyeing: Safflower
Dec 25, 1999 - © Lili Pintea-Reed
Dyeing: Safflower by Lili Pintea-Reed
Safflower (carthamus tinctorius) is a common food and dye plant in many parts of the world. It bears yellow flowers which contain both yellow and red pigments within the blossoms. It has been used for centuries as a *true* saffron substitute and adulterant. Another name one sees it referred to is poor man's saffron. It is a useful plant with seeds which are used to produce safflower oil and meal for feeding livestock.
However, as the botanic name tinctorius indicates, it best known as a dye plant. To extract the yellow for coloring food saffron yellow the plant just needs to be steeped in a mildly acidic solution like a soup broth. To dye cloth or fiber yellow, the petals need to soaked in a mild vinegar solution. Bobbi McRae in COLORS FROM NATURE recommends a cup of vinegar to a gallon of water. Like madder, heat is the enemy of good color extraction in safflower, so just soak the petals over night in the vinegar water or make a sun tea of everything and let it sit for a few days in the sun.Strain out the petals working them a bit to extract the last of the yellow.
To obtain the red within the petals wash the last of the yellow out (after the vinegar extraction) with water agitating them a bit. Strain. Then place the washed petals in fresh water and add some ammonina, or washing soda to create a basic solution as opposed to an acidic one. Again like madder, a basic solution helps extract the red tones in the plant matter. Soak overnight or as a sun tea. If in a rush, you can heat the solution to 150 degrees F, but proceed very cautiously. Safflower seems to like heat even less than madder if you want to extract a nice red tone.
Protein fibers like silk and wool dye wonderful rich tones with safflower. Cotton and other cellulose (plant) fibers will dye a more pastel shade.
So give safflower a try and see what poor man's saffron can do for your dyer's palette.
2.benibana museum.紅花博物館
其中提到紅花色素的提取過程，與上述的方式有點出入，但基本原理相同。
http://www.lib.yamagata-u.ac.jp/benibana/bunken/book/bmuseum/bmuseum.html
The Benibana Museum (The Safflower Museum)
13. Benibana Dyeing for Everybody (誰にでもできる紅花染)
Pluck the petal. (At the time when the color of flower turns to bright yellow and becomes crimson.)
Rinse them in water.
Wring slightly and close tight in plastic bag.
Take them after overnight and grind them in a mortar.
Wring tightly the ground flowers and take a shape of coin and dry them for one week or so in a ventilated shade. This coin shaped is called "beni-mochi" (紅餅).
Take "beni-mochi" into a cotton bag and "beni-mochi" and cloth needs an equal weight. Put them in water and give an occasional wring and leave them overnight.
After overnight, the water has yellow color. Take out the cotton bag from water and wring. This yellow water is used for yellow-water dye.
Change the water again. Put the bag in the water for five hours or so and wring again. Repeat this three times a day.
Continue the previous process (8) about a week, till the yellow water doesn't come out.
Get 8% potassium carbonate liquid at a drug store. And put the previous bag into the liquid.
Squeeze out the water every ten minutes and wring after 30 minutes' rubbing.
Return the No.11 process in newly changed liquid.
Return the No.12 process and make enough liquid of dye for three times.
Gather the liquid. This is the dye for red color dyeing
Put the cloth to be dyed into water and give a slight wring.
Begin dyeing the cloth.
Make liquid of a tea cup full of 10% citric acid that was bought at a drugstore. And take the cloth up from water and pour two cups of the liquid and soak the cloth.
Repeat the No.17 process until a tea cup full of citric acid is all consumed. (To pour the liquid little by little prevents the unevenness of dyeing.)
Move the cloth sometimes not to make an unevenness.
Take the cloth out of the liquid after the red color is changed to yellow.
Make the 10% citric acid liquid again and soak the cloth about ten minutes and settle the color.
Rinse the dyed cloth and dry it in the shade.
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紅甘藍（Not colorfast,據説會因陽光照射與PH值的改變顔色/退色）
http://resources.edb.gov.hk/~science/hkcho/2s/island.pdf
note: red cabbage contains Anthocyanin, not Anthocyanidin.
1% solutions of the following compounds were prepared and used as mordants:
aluminium (III) potassium sulphate-12-water (alum)
iron (III) sulphate, Fe2(SO4)3
potassium dichromate (VI), K2Cr2O
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媒染劑
http://www.wildcolours.co.uk/html/natural_dyes_mordants.html
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【植物染色】常用的天然媒染剂
http://www.yuanye01.com/?action-viewnews-itemid-58
1,灰水:利用木材,稻草,麦草,经过完全燃烧成灰后,筛出细灰,取灰加热水搅拌,沈淀之后即可取出澄清灰水.灰水最早被利用的漂白剂与媒染剂,灰水不但可让染液发色,还可固色,经过灰水处理所染出的颜色更鲜丽,又不易褪色,利用灰水当媒染剂,能染出明度及彩度较高的色泽.(我來補充：草木灰是柴草燃燒後殘留的灰燼物質，屬鹼性，主要成分是碳酸鉀（K2CO3），在紅花紅色素提取過程中會添加的東西)
2,醋:一般常用米醋,乌梅,石榴等酸性汁液,在染色之前加数滴入染液中.尤其是染红色系的红花,就必须利用鸟梅水(乌醋)来中和,才能显出鲜丽的红色.（我來補充：紅花染時用的就是烏梅醋）
3,石灰水:利用生石灰加水搅拌,沈淀后取澄清石灰水即可,但易伤损尤其蚕丝,所以染蚕丝时不取用石灰水为媒染剂,石灰水只用在染棉或麻布上.
4,明矾:属於透明结晶,加热水可溶解,尤其和茜草配合,所染出的色泽更鲜丽.（我來補充：明礬加深顔色，使其更加艷麗。）
5,铁:铁是染黑色的重要媒染剂.现代最简易的方法是,取不同的生锈铁钉五百公克,放入大口瓶内,加入一杯塩及一杯或半杯面粉,再灌入十杯热水,放置十日,过滤瓶内铁钉之后,所得的液体即是染黑的铁媒染剂。（我來補充：可以加深顔色，但會使顔色變灰暗）
使用方法：
进行染布
1,准备媒染剂,视所需染的颜色决定媒染剂,用量为布重的3—5%.媒染剂充份溶於水中,至於是否要加温,则视种类而定.
2,将染布放入媒染液中进行媒染20分.
3,将媒染过的被染物拧乾后再投入染液中进行加温染色,高温染色中必须不停地搅拌翻动,以避免造成染斑加温.加温染色时间以半小时为原则.
4,关闭热源待其自动降温至常温.
5,取出被染物充分清洗,晾晒,完成.
6,若能再重染一次则效果更佳,但此次不需加媒染剂.
-红花染----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Dyeing: Safflower
Dec 25, 1999 - © Lili Pintea-Reed
Dyeing: Safflower by Lili Pintea-Reed
Safflower (carthamus tinctorius) is a common food and dye plant in many parts of the world. It bears yellow flowers which contain both yellow and red pigments within the blossoms. It has been used for centuries as a *true* saffron substitute and adulterant. Another name one sees it referred to is poor man's saffron. It is a useful plant with seeds which are used to produce safflower oil and meal for feeding livestock.
However, as the botanic name tinctorius indicates, it best known as a dye plant. To extract the yellow for coloring food saffron yellow the plant just needs to be steeped in a mildly acidic solution like a soup broth. To dye cloth or fiber yellow, the petals need to soaked in a mild vinegar solution. Bobbi McRae in COLORS FROM NATURE recommends a cup of vinegar to a gallon of water. Like madder, heat is the enemy of good color extraction in safflower, so just soak the petals over night in the vinegar water or make a sun tea of everything and let it sit for a few days in the sun.Strain out the petals working them a bit to extract the last of the yellow.
To obtain the red within the petals wash the last of the yellow out (after the vinegar extraction) with water agitating them a bit. Strain. Then place the washed petals in fresh water and add some ammonina, or washing soda to create a basic solution as opposed to an acidic one. Again like madder, a basic solution helps extract the red tones in the plant matter. Soak overnight or as a sun tea. If in a rush, you can heat the solution to 150 degrees F, but proceed very cautiously. Safflower seems to like heat even less than madder if you want to extract a nice red tone.
Protein fibers like silk and wool dye wonderful rich tones with safflower. Cotton and other cellulose (plant) fibers will dye a more pastel shade.
So give safflower a try and see what poor man's saffron can do for your dyer's palette.
2.benibana museum.紅花博物館
其中提到紅花色素的提取過程，與上述的方式有點出入，但基本原理相同。
http://www.lib.yamagata-u.ac.jp/benibana/bunken/book/bmuseum/bmuseum.html
The Benibana Museum (The Safflower Museum)
13. Benibana Dyeing for Everybody (誰にでもできる紅花染)
Pluck the petal. (At the time when the color of flower turns to bright yellow and becomes crimson.)
Rinse them in water.
Wring slightly and close tight in plastic bag.
Take them after overnight and grind them in a mortar.
Wring tightly the ground flowers and take a shape of coin and dry them for one week or so in a ventilated shade. This coin shaped is called "beni-mochi" (紅餅).
Take "beni-mochi" into a cotton bag and "beni-mochi" and cloth needs an equal weight. Put them in water and give an occasional wring and leave them overnight.
After overnight, the water has yellow color. Take out the cotton bag from water and wring. This yellow water is used for yellow-water dye.
Change the water again. Put the bag in the water for five hours or so and wring again. Repeat this three times a day.
Continue the previous process (8) about a week, till the yellow water doesn't come out.
Get 8% potassium carbonate liquid at a drug store. And put the previous bag into the liquid.
Squeeze out the water every ten minutes and wring after 30 minutes' rubbing.
Return the No.11 process in newly changed liquid.
Return the No.12 process and make enough liquid of dye for three times.
Gather the liquid. This is the dye for red color dyeing
Put the cloth to be dyed into water and give a slight wring.
Begin dyeing the cloth.
Make liquid of a tea cup full of 10% citric acid that was bought at a drugstore. And take the cloth up from water and pour two cups of the liquid and soak the cloth.
Repeat the No.17 process until a tea cup full of citric acid is all consumed. (To pour the liquid little by little prevents the unevenness of dyeing.)
Move the cloth sometimes not to make an unevenness.
Take the cloth out of the liquid after the red color is changed to yellow.
Make the 10% citric acid liquid again and soak the cloth about ten minutes and settle the color.
Rinse the dyed cloth and dry it in the shade.
----------------------------------------------------------
紅甘藍（Not colorfast,據説會因陽光照射與PH值的改變顔色/退色）
http://resources.edb.gov.hk/~science/hkcho/2s/island.pdf
note: red cabbage contains Anthocyanin, not Anthocyanidin.
1% solutions of the following compounds were prepared and used as mordants:
aluminium (III) potassium sulphate-12-water (alum)
iron (III) sulphate, Fe2(SO4)3
potassium dichromate (VI), K2Cr2O
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
媒染劑
http://www.wildcolours.co.uk/html/natural_dyes_mordants.html
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阿寧 转发了这篇日记 2012-01-13 15:05:37