【十分钟英语史】2.诺曼人入侵
The History of English in Ten Minutes. Chapter Two, The Norman Conquest or Excuse My English.
十分钟了解英语历史。第二章，诺曼人入侵或曰原谅我的英语
1066. True to his name, William the Conqueror invades England, bringing new concepts from across the channel, like the French language, the Doomsday Book and the duty-free Galois's multipack.French was "de rigueur" for all official business, with words like "judge", "jury", "evidence" and "justice" coming in and giving John Grisham's career a kick-start. Latin was still used "ad nauseam" in church, but the common man spoke English, able to communicate only by speaking more slowly and loudly until the others understood him. Words like "cow", "sheep" and "swine" come from the English-speaking farmers. While the "a la carte" versions "beef", "mutton" and "pork" come from the French-speaking toffs, beginning a long-running trend of restaurants having completely indecipherable menus.
1066年，名副其实的征服者William入侵英国，从海峡对岸带来了新的概念，诸如法语，末日裁判书， 免税的伽罗瓦盒装包。法语在处理所有公事时，都是“社交礼仪上必要的”语言。例如“法官”，“陪审团”，“证据”和“正义"等外来词，使得约翰-格里森姆的事业起飞。拉丁语依然“令人生厌”的应用于各个教堂，但普通人讲英语，只能通过放慢语速和提高音量来让人听懂，达成沟通。有些词如“公牛”，“羊”和“猪”，源自说英语的农民。而“菜单”上的版本“牛肉”，“羊肉”和“猪肉”则源自说法语的有钱人，餐馆制定让人完全读不懂的菜单的持续趋势，就是从那时开始的。
All in all, the English absorbed about 10,000 new words from the Normans, though they still couldn't grasp the rules of cheek kissing. The "bon-ami" all ended when the English nation took their new warlike lingo of "armies", "navies" and "soldiers" and began the Hundred Years' War against France. It actually lasted 116 years but by that point, no one could count any higher in French and English took over as the language of power.
总的来说，英语从诺曼人那里吸收了差不多10,000个词汇，但依然没有掌握贴面礼的要诀。当英国采用了新的军事行话，如“军队”、“海军”、“士兵”之时，英法两国的“好朋友关系”彻底结束，并开始了百年战争。这场战争实际上持续了116年，而到战争结束时，没有人再看重法语，英语成为了占据统治地位的语言。
十分钟了解英语历史。第二章，诺曼人入侵或曰原谅我的英语
1066. True to his name, William the Conqueror invades England, bringing new concepts from across the channel, like the French language, the Doomsday Book and the duty-free Galois's multipack.French was "de rigueur" for all official business, with words like "judge", "jury", "evidence" and "justice" coming in and giving John Grisham's career a kick-start. Latin was still used "ad nauseam" in church, but the common man spoke English, able to communicate only by speaking more slowly and loudly until the others understood him. Words like "cow", "sheep" and "swine" come from the English-speaking farmers. While the "a la carte" versions "beef", "mutton" and "pork" come from the French-speaking toffs, beginning a long-running trend of restaurants having completely indecipherable menus.
1066年，名副其实的征服者William入侵英国，从海峡对岸带来了新的概念，诸如法语，末日裁判书， 免税的伽罗瓦盒装包。法语在处理所有公事时，都是“社交礼仪上必要的”语言。例如“法官”，“陪审团”，“证据”和“正义"等外来词，使得约翰-格里森姆的事业起飞。拉丁语依然“令人生厌”的应用于各个教堂，但普通人讲英语，只能通过放慢语速和提高音量来让人听懂，达成沟通。有些词如“公牛”，“羊”和“猪”，源自说英语的农民。而“菜单”上的版本“牛肉”，“羊肉”和“猪肉”则源自说法语的有钱人，餐馆制定让人完全读不懂的菜单的持续趋势，就是从那时开始的。
All in all, the English absorbed about 10,000 new words from the Normans, though they still couldn't grasp the rules of cheek kissing. The "bon-ami" all ended when the English nation took their new warlike lingo of "armies", "navies" and "soldiers" and began the Hundred Years' War against France. It actually lasted 116 years but by that point, no one could count any higher in French and English took over as the language of power.
总的来说，英语从诺曼人那里吸收了差不多10,000个词汇，但依然没有掌握贴面礼的要诀。当英国采用了新的军事行话，如“军队”、“海军”、“士兵”之时，英法两国的“好朋友关系”彻底结束，并开始了百年战争。这场战争实际上持续了116年，而到战争结束时，没有人再看重法语，英语成为了占据统治地位的语言。
