1855年波尔多葡萄酒分级体系背景资料
1855年，第三届世博会在法国巴黎举行。根据当时的法国皇帝拿破仑三世的要求，为了更好地介绍波尔多葡萄酒，波尔多商会委托隶属波尔多交易所的“葡萄酒经纪人公会”制订了此分级表。此分级表的制定基于多年来的验证、每个酒庄的风土质量及其知名度，旨在建立一套法定的分级体系。它拥有最可靠的考量依据。
该分级表于1855年4月18日发布，反映了当时波尔多葡萄酒市场的真实状况，及此前一个多世纪的变迁。
在1855年分级体系中，红葡萄酒被分为五级并沿用至今：5家一级酒庄、14家二级酒庄、14家三级酒庄、10家四级酒庄、18家五级酒庄，它们分布于梅多克地区的五个原产地命名产区，即圣爱斯泰夫Saint-Estèphe、波亚克Pauillac、圣朱里安Saint-Julien、 玛歌Margaux和上美铎Haut-Médoc，只有唯一一家酒庄位于格拉夫地区Graves。
在其甜白酒分级体系中：1家特一级酒庄、11家一级酒庄和15家二级酒庄，它们分属于两个原产地命名区，即苏玳Sauternes 和巴萨克 Barsac。
For the 1855 Exposition Universelle de Paris, Emperor Napoleon III requested a classification system for France's best Bordeaux wines which were to be on display for visitors from around the world. Brokers from the wine industry ranked the wines according to a château's reputation and trading price, which at that time was directly related to quality. The result was the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855.
The wines were ranked in importance from first to fifth growths (crus). All of the red wines that made it on the list came from the Médoc region except for one: Château Haut-Brion from Graves. The white wines, then of much less importance than red wine, were limited to the sweet varieties of Sauternes and Barsac and were ranked only from first great growth to second growth.
Within each category, the various châteaux are ranked in order of quality and only twice since the 1855 classification has there been a change, first when in 1856 Cantemerle was added as a fifth growth (having either been originally omitted by oversight or added as an afterthought, depending on which of the conflicting accounts is correct) and, more significantly, in 1973, when Château Mouton Rothschild was elevated from a second growth to a first growth vineyard after decades of intense lobbying by the powerful Philippe de Rothschild. A third, but less known "change", is the removal of Château Dubignon, a third growth from St.-Julien that was absorbed into the estate Château Malescot St. Exupéry.
A superficial change is that since 1855 when only five of the estates were styled with the word "château" in their names, this has with few exceptions become the norm of a Bordeaux wine estate.
该分级表于1855年4月18日发布，反映了当时波尔多葡萄酒市场的真实状况，及此前一个多世纪的变迁。
在1855年分级体系中，红葡萄酒被分为五级并沿用至今：5家一级酒庄、14家二级酒庄、14家三级酒庄、10家四级酒庄、18家五级酒庄，它们分布于梅多克地区的五个原产地命名产区，即圣爱斯泰夫Saint-Estèphe、波亚克Pauillac、圣朱里安Saint-Julien、 玛歌Margaux和上美铎Haut-Médoc，只有唯一一家酒庄位于格拉夫地区Graves。
在其甜白酒分级体系中：1家特一级酒庄、11家一级酒庄和15家二级酒庄，它们分属于两个原产地命名区，即苏玳Sauternes 和巴萨克 Barsac。
For the 1855 Exposition Universelle de Paris, Emperor Napoleon III requested a classification system for France's best Bordeaux wines which were to be on display for visitors from around the world. Brokers from the wine industry ranked the wines according to a château's reputation and trading price, which at that time was directly related to quality. The result was the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855.
The wines were ranked in importance from first to fifth growths (crus). All of the red wines that made it on the list came from the Médoc region except for one: Château Haut-Brion from Graves. The white wines, then of much less importance than red wine, were limited to the sweet varieties of Sauternes and Barsac and were ranked only from first great growth to second growth.
Within each category, the various châteaux are ranked in order of quality and only twice since the 1855 classification has there been a change, first when in 1856 Cantemerle was added as a fifth growth (having either been originally omitted by oversight or added as an afterthought, depending on which of the conflicting accounts is correct) and, more significantly, in 1973, when Château Mouton Rothschild was elevated from a second growth to a first growth vineyard after decades of intense lobbying by the powerful Philippe de Rothschild. A third, but less known "change", is the removal of Château Dubignon, a third growth from St.-Julien that was absorbed into the estate Château Malescot St. Exupéry.
A superficial change is that since 1855 when only five of the estates were styled with the word "château" in their names, this has with few exceptions become the norm of a Bordeaux wine estate.
