耶鲁大学公开课:心理学导论笔记-Chapter4
Chapter4-Cognitive Development
Piaget's idea: Children are active thinkers; they're trying to figure out the world.
Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny (胚胎重演律)- The development of an individual mimics or repeats development of the species (模拟或重演了种族发展)
Assimilation (同化)- The act of expanding the range of things that you respond to
Accommodation (顺应)- Changing how you do it
Stage of Cognitive Development
Stage 1: Sensorimotor Stage (感知运动阶段)- The child is purely a physical creature; with no understanding in any real way of the external world/ Child just touches & sees; while can't reason
Object permanents (客体永存性)- The understanding that things exist when you no longer see them
Stage 2: Preoperational Stage (前运算阶段)- Child starts off grasping the world only in a physical way
Limitation: 1. Children are egocentric (自我为中心)- Children can't understand that others can see the world differently from them
2. Conservation (守恒)- There's ways to transform things such that some aspects of them change but others remain the same
Stage 3 Concrete Operations (具体运算阶段)- Childern can solve conservation problem, but still been limited to the extent they're capable of abstract reasoning (抽象推理能力有限)
Piaget's idea: Children are active thinkers; they're trying to figure out the world.
Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny (胚胎重演律)- The development of an individual mimics or repeats development of the species (模拟或重演了种族发展)
Assimilation (同化)- The act of expanding the range of things that you respond to
Accommodation (顺应)- Changing how you do it
Stage of Cognitive Development
Stage 1: Sensorimotor Stage (感知运动阶段)- The child is purely a physical creature; with no understanding in any real way of the external world/ Child just touches & sees; while can't reason
Object permanents (客体永存性)- The understanding that things exist when you no longer see them
Stage 2: Preoperational Stage (前运算阶段)- Child starts off grasping the world only in a physical way
Limitation: 1. Children are egocentric (自我为中心)- Children can't understand that others can see the world differently from them
2. Conservation (守恒)- There's ways to transform things such that some aspects of them change but others remain the same
Stage 3 Concrete Operations (具体运算阶段)- Childern can solve conservation problem, but still been limited to the extent they're capable of abstract reasoning (抽象推理能力有限)
