22Daniel Mendoza
Daniel Mendoza 丹尼尔. 门多萨
一．单词讲解
●1. box v. 拳击
①Box sb’s ears ：slap sb’s face 打某人的耳光
②Chinese boxing ：Wushu （Kong fu ）功夫
③Martial art ：武打
④Boxer ：拳击手
⑤Prizefighter ：职业拳击手
▲2.bare
⑴adj. without clothes
①bare hands ：徒手
②bare fists： 赤手空拳
③bare feet ：赤脚
④bare mountain ：光秃秃的山
⑤a house bare of furniture ：不带家具的房子
⑥a shelf bare of books ：空的书架
⑦bare-footed ：赤脚的
⑧bare-headed ：没带帽子的
⑵v. 使赤裸，暴露
①Bare one’s teeth ：get angry with sb 发火
Eg: Don’t bare your teeth at me ! 你别冲我龇牙咧嘴的！
②Bare one’s heart out ：说心里话
③Barely ：很少
Eg: Barely was he so angry .他很少那么生气。
◎1.Naked ：not wearing clothes
Naked eyes ：裸眼
◎2.Nude adj. 裸体的
Nude scenes ：裸体镜头
◎3.In one’s birthday suit ( a humorous way to say not wearing any clothes) 没穿衣服的
★3.crude adj.
⑴ 粗俗的，粗野的
①Crude jokes ：粗俗的笑话
⑵ raw 原初的，生的
①Crude oil ：原油
☆1.Rude adj.
⑴ not polite ：粗鲁的
①A rude reply ：粗鲁的回答
②A rude man ： 一个的粗鲁的人
⑵ simple
①A rude wooden chair ：粗制滥造的一把木椅
②A rude sketch ：草稿
☆2.rough adj.
①A rough track led to the farm：通向农场的崎岖小路
②A rough estimate：大略估计
③Rough skin ：粗糙的皮肤
④Delicate skin ：细腻的皮肤
⑤A rough temper ：粗暴的脾气
Eg: give sb the rough side of one’s tongue ：严厉的申斥
Eg: The boss gave the rough side of his tongue to the assistant who was late again.老板对又迟到的店员严厉的斥责。
☆3. Vulgar adj. 粗俗下流的
☆4. Pornography （porn）色情
☆5.barbarous adj.未开化，野蛮，残忍的
Barbecue ：烧烤
☆6. urban <-> urbane
（城市的） （文雅的，彬彬有礼的）
◆4.technical adj. 科技的，专业的
①Technical experts ：科技专家
②Technical terms ：科技术语
◇1. technically ：strictly
①Technically speaking ：严格的讲
②Strictly speaking：严格的讲
③Literally speaking ：不折不扣的讲
◇2.technology ：技术
①Art ：技巧
②Crafts ：手艺
◇3.
①Science students ：理科生
②Liberal Arts students ：文科生
■ 5.popular
⑴adj. 流行的
①popular music ：流行音乐
②a popular （pop）singer ：流行歌手
⑵（文）公众的，人民的，依靠人民的
①Popular opinion ： 舆论
②Popular government：民主政治
③Popular superstition ：民间的迷信
④Popular price ：价格低廉
□1. popularity n. 名气，人缘，名望
①Enjoy tremendous popularity 享有盛誉
Eg: Lu Xun enjoys tremendous popularity in Chinese Literature.鲁迅在文坛享有盛誉。
□2. fame 名声，知名度
①Win fame ：赢得名声
②Rise to fame ：名声显赫
③Come to fame：名声鹊起
④Fame and fortune ：名与利
□3. reputation ：名誉
①Win a reputation 为…赢得名誉
②Earn a reputation
③Establish a reputation
Eg: His kindness won him a reputation as a good man.他的善良为他赢得了一个好人的名声。
④Live up to one’s reputation ：名不虚传，不负众望
Eg: The eccentric lived up to his reputation and arrived late again.
□4.renown n. 名声，名望
①Win renown ：获得名声
5.eminence ：显赫
①Eminent adj. 杰出的（尤指在学术界）
②Eliminate sb from ：把谁从什么中淘汰出去
Eg: Chinese football team was eliminated from the first round.中国队在第一轮中就被淘汰出局。
□6.prominece n. 显著，杰出，卓越
Come into prominence 崭露头角
6.▼v.to like sth/ sb very much
Eg: Mothers absolutely adore their children .
▽1. worship ：love sb/sth very much崇拜
①Worship idols ：崇拜偶像
②Worship hero ：崇拜英雄
▽2. admire v.
⑴ to have very high opinion of sth：对某人的评价非常的高
①Admire sb for sth ：崇拜某人的事迹
Eg: I admire Chairman mao for his charisma.（领袖气质）
⑵欣赏
①Admire window display ：欣赏橱窗展示
②Admire the view ：欣赏风光
▽3.esteem v.尊敬，尊重（文）
①Esteem it a great honor to do ：荣幸之至
▽4.revere v.尊敬，敬畏（文）
①A revered father
●7. bitterly
①Bitter tears ：苦涩的泪水
②Bitter winter ：严冬
③Bitter enemies ：劲敌，死敌
④Bitter blames ：苛责
⑤Bitter quarrels/fights ：激烈的争吵
⑥Bitter past ：痛苦的过去
⑦Bitter memories : 痛苦的回忆
8.bet v.to risk money on the result of a race ,game , competition
①bet money on the with sb 赌钱
Eg: I’d like to bet with you on the outcome of match.我愿意和你赌一把比赛的结果。
②n.make/have/place a bet on sth:打了一个赌（把钱压在…上）
Eg: you bet ! 你说得（太）对了！（口）
Eg: I bet that …我敢打赌
Eg: I bet that he will win the game
★9.academy n.学院（专科）
Word origin：
A place by the name of Academia near Athens where Plato established a school which is named Academy.
①The Royal Academy of Arts :皇家艺术学院
②the Chinese Academy of Sciences ：
中科院
③Oscar Academy Award ：奥斯卡金像奖
☆1.Institute ：研究院
①MIT ：Massachusetts Institute of Technology马什理工学院
②GIT : Georgia Institute of Technology
③CIT ：California Institute of Technology 加里佛尼亚理工学院
☆2.College :of a small size
☆3.university ：of a large size and comprehensive
☆4.school ：（高等院校）学院
①Law school ：法学院
②Medical school：医学院
③Post-graduate school ：研究生学院
◆10.extravagant adj. 挥霍无度
Be extravagant with ：using too much使用过度
Eg:Don’t be extravagant with water.
不要浪费水。
①an extravagant dinner party ：豪华晚宴
②be extravagant in food and dress ：生活讲吃讲穿
◇1. extravagance n.
Live in extravagance ：生活奢侈，过着奢侈的生活
◇2. excessive adj.过度的
Excessive drinking 过度饮酒
◇3.luxurious :very expensive, beautiful and comfortable舒适豪华的
Eg: The huge house is luxurious with two storeys.
①Live a life of luxury ：过着舒适的生活=live in luxury=live a luxurious life
◇4.luxuriant : growingly strongly and thickly :植物长得茂盛的
■11.poverty n.贫穷
①Live in poverty ： 生活贫困
②Fall into poverty : 陷入贫穷
③Sink into poverty
④Die in poverty ：在贫困潦倒中死去
⑤A poverty stricken area ：赤贫地区
⑥A poverty of imagination :缺乏想象力
□1.famine n.饥荒
Eg: Mankind is suffering famine and war all the time .人们一直饱受战争与饥荒之苦。
□2.destitute adj.have no money, no food, nowhere to live 匮乏
①Be destitute of ：缺乏
A crude man destitute of compassion :一个缺乏同情心的粗鲁的人
二．课文讲解
●boxing matches
⑴match （有输赢结果）比赛
⑵game （有规则）比赛
The Asian Games 亚运会
The Olympic Games
1. contest （由评委评出结果的）比赛
⑴a beauty contest :选美大赛
English speech contest：英语演讲比赛
○2.competition 竞争，竞赛
Competition for job
○3.tournament : a serious of games
联赛，大型竞标赛
Chess tournament
Tennis tournament: 网球锦标赛
Badminton tournament
○4.race （与速度相关）比赛
A swimming race
A boat race
A bicycle race
▲2.⑴fight with bare fists ：赤手空拳的搏斗
⑵fight
①to take part in a war or battle
Eg:Vietnam fought France and then the US for over 30 years.越南与法国先后作战30多年。
②to hit sb in a sport:在体育比赛中与某人对抗
Eg:Peter fought his bitter enemy in the last round. Peter与他的死敌在最后一场比赛中不期而遇。
③fight for :为…而奋斗，拼搏
△ 1.struggle for
⑴ fight for the independence of the nation
⑵ fight for the interest of motherland
⑶ fight for freedom ：争取自由
⑷ fight for an answer ：绞尽脑汁
④fight against ：与…抗争
fight against economic odds ：与经济困难作斗争（odds:困难）
fight against one’s fate :与命运作斗争
⑤fight shy of doing sth （口）回避，讨厌
Eg: Princess Diana fought shy of meeting journalists before she died.
2.fighter ：战士，战斗机，拳击手
★3.
eg: they came to be known to us as fighters = they were referred to as fighters.
⑴because of this
Due to this
Owing to this
On account of this
◆4.
⑴be serious injured
Be badly injured
Be slightly injured ：受轻伤
◇1.injure 受外伤
Injure one’s pride / self-esteem 使自尊心（信心）受到打击
Eg:他在本次比赛中失利严重挫伤了他的自尊心. His failure in the competition injured his self-esteem.
◇2.wound （在作战）刀剑刺伤
◇3.hurt
Hurt one’s feeling ：伤害某人的情感
◇4.harm 对…有害，伤害
Eg: It will harm your eyes if you read in the sun.
⑵kill
①ill sb ：杀死某人
Eg: Take care of him!干掉他！
Eg: My head is killing me !( My head is hurting！)
Kill time ：打发时光
Eg: We play chess to kill time.
Eg: She stole the whole show tonight!
Eg: She dressed to kill tonight!
太抢眼，出尽了风头
Eg: You are killing me !
你笑死我了！
Lady-killer 少妇杀手（贬）
Man-killer 迷人的女子（贬）
Love-killer 恋爱高手
Road-killer 马路杀手（新手）
■5.
⑴figure : 人物
Colorful figure ：引人注目的人物
Legendary figure : 传奇式人物
Eg:在文学史上最富传奇的是杰克.伦敦，他以著作《野性的呼唤》而闻名遐迩。One of the most legendary figures in literary history is Jack London, who was famous for The Call of the wild.
Eg: one of the most colorful figures in military history is Napoleon Bonaparte.
▼6.
⑴gloves （五指分开的）手套
Mitten (四指合并) 手套
Work hand in glove with
Be hand in glove with
相互为奸，狼狈为奸
Eg:It was rumored that some of the gangsters were working hard in gloves with the police.（有谣传说…）
⑵introduce sth into/from
Eg:These friendly dogs were first introduced from Asia.
Eg:Tobacco was introduced into Europe from America.
⑶draw up 起草
Draw up a list of candidates
Draw up a declaration ：起草宣言
Draw up a contract ：起草合同
Draw up an agreement
Draw up a chair ：拉近了一把椅子
⑷a set of rules ：一套规则
表示成套的事物的量词
① a chest of drawers ：一摞抽屉
② a pack of playing cards : 一副牌
③ a set of toy bricks ：一套积木
④ a suite of rooms ：一套房间
⑤ a suit of clothes :一身衣服
7.
⑴did much to do sth : 为…做出了很大的贡献
Eg: Mr Deng did much to improve the people’s living standard.
Eg: Chairman Mao did much to change an old China into a prosperous socialist country.
⑵do little to sth ：没做什么
Eg: His arrival did little to solve the problem.
⑶change desert into farmland
把沙漠变良田
① change into his overalls
② change back into his suit
⑷bring…to…引进，带入
Bring tears to eyes :热泪盈眶
Bring the fact to light
公诸于世；曝光
Eg: Gambling brings him to ruin.
赌博使他身败名裂。
Bring sb to book ：盘问某人
Bring sb to fame : 功成名就
Bring sth to one’s attention
引起某人的注意力
▲ 8.in his day 在他的鼎盛时期
⑴enjoy the best moment of life
尽情享受人生最辉煌的时期
⑵in her heyday :全盛时期
⑶in my school days ：在我的学生时代
⑷in my blue days :女性的生理周期
★9. alike adj.（表语）相似的
Look alike
Be alike
⑵adv.in a similar way
Eg:The twins were dressed alike
Eg:I learded a lot from teachers and students alike.
⑶rich and poor ：穷人与富人
反义词同时出现表示整体
Black and white :白与黑
Day and night ：日日夜夜
◆10.attract one’s attention
引起某人的注意
Attract the attention of sb
Draw one’s attention
Occupy one’s attention
Arrest one’s attention
Capture one’s attention
Win one’s attention
Come to one’s attention
■11.be quick to learn
Be slow to learn
Eg:The little boy is slow to learn maths but quick to learn English.
▼12.turn against
⑴变得对…不满
Eg:The little boy turned against his mother after he got a new-born sister.
⑵背叛
Turn against one’s motherland
Turn against one’s old friend
Turn against one’s principles
①turn one’s head :冲昏头脑
Success turn one’s head
Flattery turn one’s head（失败）
Praise turn one’s head
●13.settle an argument (达到和解)解决问题
End an argument
Settle a quarrel ：解决纠纷
Settle a dispute : 解决争端
○1.solve:to find or provide a way of dealing with a problem
找到解决问题的方法
Solve a problem :解决问题
Solve a case :破案
Solve the murder :找到凶手
Dissolve a marriage : 解除婚约
▲14.He was defeated
①Win the game
Lose the game
②Beat (beat, beaten)
Eg:We beat them
③Take sb on :打赢某人
Eg:Don’t be afraid of him, you can take him on
④beat sb hands down （easily）
Eg:It beats me ! 搞不清楚
Eg:You can’t beat him in football
★15.meet 作战，交手，较量
Eg:met Humphries in the ring再度在拳台交锋（交手）
Eg:China meets Chinese Taipei.中国对对中国台北对。
①take on :交战
Eg:Korea takes on DPRK韩国对北朝鲜
（DPRK:Democratic People’s Republic of Korea）
②versus：（介）…对…；…比…
Eg: America is versus England
⑴on a later occasion ：还有一次
On an occasion : 有一次
On this occasion ：这一次
On several occasion :有几回
On occasion :from time to time 偶尔，时不时的
Eg:I have on occasion visited her at home
◆16.champion :冠军
◇1.Champagne :香槟
记忆方法：The champion drinks the champagne.
◇ 2.runner-up：亚军
◇ 3.3rd-place :季军
◇ 4.gold/silber/bronze medal
■17.hightly adv.（多用于抽象含义）
①think highly of sb
②a highly skilled worker ：技术高超的工人
Eg:a highly developed society ：高度发达的社会
□1.high adv.（多用在具体实在的含义上）
Fly high ：高飞
Aim high : 目标远大
Aim/shoot too high :好高骛远
Live high 消费高
Climb high :爬得高
▼18.single :adj.（用来加强表达效果）
Eg:I agree with every word you’ve said-every single word.你说得每个句子，每个单词我都同意。
Eg:I miss you every single day.
●19.be in debt ：负债累累
Be up to one’s chin in debt：深陷于，卷入债务之中
Be forgotten
Be left in the cold ：被淡忘了
Eg:The old lady who used to be a highly successful actress now is left in the cold.
How many unsuccessful attempts did Mendoza make before becoming Champion of all England?
Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago.
两百年前，拳击比赛在英国非常盛行。
In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money.
当时，拳击手们不戴手套，为争夺奖金而搏斗。
Because of this, they were known as 'prizefighters'.
因此，他们被称作“职业拳击手”。
However, boxing was very crude, for there were no rules and a prizefighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match.
不过，拳击是十分野蛮的，因为当时没有任何比赛规则，职业拳击手有可能在比赛中受重伤，甚至丧命。
One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who was born in 1764.
拳击史上最引人注目的人物之一是丹尼尔.门多萨，他生于1764年。
The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules.
1860年昆斯伯里侯爵第一次为拳击比赛制定了规则，拳击比赛这才用上了手套。
Though he was technically a prizefighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prizefighting into a sport, for he brought science to the game.
虽然门多萨严格来讲不过是个职业拳击手，但在把这种粗野的拳击变成一种体育运动方面，他作出了重大贡献。是他把科学引进了这项运动。
In his day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich and poor alike.
门多萨在他的全盛时期深受大家欢迎，无论是富人还是穷人都对他祟拜备至。
Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old.
门多萨在14岁时参加了一场拳击赛后一举成名。
This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England.
这引起了当时英国拳坛名将理查德.汉弗莱斯的注意。
He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn.
他主动提出教授门多萨，而年少的门多萨一学就会。
In fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him.
事实上，门多萨不久便名声大振，致使汉弗莱斯与他反目为敌。
The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight.
两个人争吵不休，显而易见，只有较量一番才能解决问题。
A match was held at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour.
于是两人在斯蒂尔顿设下赛场，厮打了一个小时。
The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated.
公众把大笔赌注下到了门多萨身上，但他却输了。
Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time.
后来，门多萨与汉弗莱斯再次在拳击场上较量，门多萨又输了一场。
It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England.
直到1790年他们第3次对垒，门多萨才终于击败汉弗莱斯，成了全英拳击冠军。
Meanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils.
同时，他建立了一所拳击学校，办得很成功，连拜伦勋爵也成了他的学生。
He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as $100 for a single appearance.
门多萨挣来大笔大笔的钱，一次出场费就可多达100英镑。
Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt.
尽管收入不少，但他挥霍无度，经常债台高筑。
After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten.
他在被一个叫杰克逊绅士的拳击手击败后很快被遗忘。
He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836.
他因无力还债而被捕入狱，最后于1836年在贫困中死去。
一．单词讲解
●1. box v. 拳击
①Box sb’s ears ：slap sb’s face 打某人的耳光
②Chinese boxing ：Wushu （Kong fu ）功夫
③Martial art ：武打
④Boxer ：拳击手
⑤Prizefighter ：职业拳击手
▲2.bare
⑴adj. without clothes
①bare hands ：徒手
②bare fists： 赤手空拳
③bare feet ：赤脚
④bare mountain ：光秃秃的山
⑤a house bare of furniture ：不带家具的房子
⑥a shelf bare of books ：空的书架
⑦bare-footed ：赤脚的
⑧bare-headed ：没带帽子的
⑵v. 使赤裸，暴露
①Bare one’s teeth ：get angry with sb 发火
Eg: Don’t bare your teeth at me ! 你别冲我龇牙咧嘴的！
②Bare one’s heart out ：说心里话
③Barely ：很少
Eg: Barely was he so angry .他很少那么生气。
◎1.Naked ：not wearing clothes
Naked eyes ：裸眼
◎2.Nude adj. 裸体的
Nude scenes ：裸体镜头
◎3.In one’s birthday suit ( a humorous way to say not wearing any clothes) 没穿衣服的
★3.crude adj.
⑴ 粗俗的，粗野的
①Crude jokes ：粗俗的笑话
⑵ raw 原初的，生的
①Crude oil ：原油
☆1.Rude adj.
⑴ not polite ：粗鲁的
①A rude reply ：粗鲁的回答
②A rude man ： 一个的粗鲁的人
⑵ simple
①A rude wooden chair ：粗制滥造的一把木椅
②A rude sketch ：草稿
☆2.rough adj.
①A rough track led to the farm：通向农场的崎岖小路
②A rough estimate：大略估计
③Rough skin ：粗糙的皮肤
④Delicate skin ：细腻的皮肤
⑤A rough temper ：粗暴的脾气
Eg: give sb the rough side of one’s tongue ：严厉的申斥
Eg: The boss gave the rough side of his tongue to the assistant who was late again.老板对又迟到的店员严厉的斥责。
☆3. Vulgar adj. 粗俗下流的
☆4. Pornography （porn）色情
☆5.barbarous adj.未开化，野蛮，残忍的
Barbecue ：烧烤
☆6. urban <-> urbane
（城市的） （文雅的，彬彬有礼的）
◆4.technical adj. 科技的，专业的
①Technical experts ：科技专家
②Technical terms ：科技术语
◇1. technically ：strictly
①Technically speaking ：严格的讲
②Strictly speaking：严格的讲
③Literally speaking ：不折不扣的讲
◇2.technology ：技术
①Art ：技巧
②Crafts ：手艺
◇3.
①Science students ：理科生
②Liberal Arts students ：文科生
■ 5.popular
⑴adj. 流行的
①popular music ：流行音乐
②a popular （pop）singer ：流行歌手
⑵（文）公众的，人民的，依靠人民的
①Popular opinion ： 舆论
②Popular government：民主政治
③Popular superstition ：民间的迷信
④Popular price ：价格低廉
□1. popularity n. 名气，人缘，名望
①Enjoy tremendous popularity 享有盛誉
Eg: Lu Xun enjoys tremendous popularity in Chinese Literature.鲁迅在文坛享有盛誉。
□2. fame 名声，知名度
①Win fame ：赢得名声
②Rise to fame ：名声显赫
③Come to fame：名声鹊起
④Fame and fortune ：名与利
□3. reputation ：名誉
①Win a reputation 为…赢得名誉
②Earn a reputation
③Establish a reputation
Eg: His kindness won him a reputation as a good man.他的善良为他赢得了一个好人的名声。
④Live up to one’s reputation ：名不虚传，不负众望
Eg: The eccentric lived up to his reputation and arrived late again.
□4.renown n. 名声，名望
①Win renown ：获得名声
5.eminence ：显赫
①Eminent adj. 杰出的（尤指在学术界）
②Eliminate sb from ：把谁从什么中淘汰出去
Eg: Chinese football team was eliminated from the first round.中国队在第一轮中就被淘汰出局。
□6.prominece n. 显著，杰出，卓越
Come into prominence 崭露头角
6.▼v.to like sth/ sb very much
Eg: Mothers absolutely adore their children .
▽1. worship ：love sb/sth very much崇拜
①Worship idols ：崇拜偶像
②Worship hero ：崇拜英雄
▽2. admire v.
⑴ to have very high opinion of sth：对某人的评价非常的高
①Admire sb for sth ：崇拜某人的事迹
Eg: I admire Chairman mao for his charisma.（领袖气质）
⑵欣赏
①Admire window display ：欣赏橱窗展示
②Admire the view ：欣赏风光
▽3.esteem v.尊敬，尊重（文）
①Esteem it a great honor to do ：荣幸之至
▽4.revere v.尊敬，敬畏（文）
①A revered father
●7. bitterly
①Bitter tears ：苦涩的泪水
②Bitter winter ：严冬
③Bitter enemies ：劲敌，死敌
④Bitter blames ：苛责
⑤Bitter quarrels/fights ：激烈的争吵
⑥Bitter past ：痛苦的过去
⑦Bitter memories : 痛苦的回忆
8.bet v.to risk money on the result of a race ,game , competition
①bet money on the with sb 赌钱
Eg: I’d like to bet with you on the outcome of match.我愿意和你赌一把比赛的结果。
②n.make/have/place a bet on sth:打了一个赌（把钱压在…上）
Eg: you bet ! 你说得（太）对了！（口）
Eg: I bet that …我敢打赌
Eg: I bet that he will win the game
★9.academy n.学院（专科）
Word origin：
A place by the name of Academia near Athens where Plato established a school which is named Academy.
①The Royal Academy of Arts :皇家艺术学院
②the Chinese Academy of Sciences ：
中科院
③Oscar Academy Award ：奥斯卡金像奖
☆1.Institute ：研究院
①MIT ：Massachusetts Institute of Technology马什理工学院
②GIT : Georgia Institute of Technology
③CIT ：California Institute of Technology 加里佛尼亚理工学院
☆2.College :of a small size
☆3.university ：of a large size and comprehensive
☆4.school ：（高等院校）学院
①Law school ：法学院
②Medical school：医学院
③Post-graduate school ：研究生学院
◆10.extravagant adj. 挥霍无度
Be extravagant with ：using too much使用过度
Eg:Don’t be extravagant with water.
不要浪费水。
①an extravagant dinner party ：豪华晚宴
②be extravagant in food and dress ：生活讲吃讲穿
◇1. extravagance n.
Live in extravagance ：生活奢侈，过着奢侈的生活
◇2. excessive adj.过度的
Excessive drinking 过度饮酒
◇3.luxurious :very expensive, beautiful and comfortable舒适豪华的
Eg: The huge house is luxurious with two storeys.
①Live a life of luxury ：过着舒适的生活=live in luxury=live a luxurious life
◇4.luxuriant : growingly strongly and thickly :植物长得茂盛的
■11.poverty n.贫穷
①Live in poverty ： 生活贫困
②Fall into poverty : 陷入贫穷
③Sink into poverty
④Die in poverty ：在贫困潦倒中死去
⑤A poverty stricken area ：赤贫地区
⑥A poverty of imagination :缺乏想象力
□1.famine n.饥荒
Eg: Mankind is suffering famine and war all the time .人们一直饱受战争与饥荒之苦。
□2.destitute adj.have no money, no food, nowhere to live 匮乏
①Be destitute of ：缺乏
A crude man destitute of compassion :一个缺乏同情心的粗鲁的人
二．课文讲解
●boxing matches
⑴match （有输赢结果）比赛
⑵game （有规则）比赛
The Asian Games 亚运会
The Olympic Games
1. contest （由评委评出结果的）比赛
⑴a beauty contest :选美大赛
English speech contest：英语演讲比赛
○2.competition 竞争，竞赛
Competition for job
○3.tournament : a serious of games
联赛，大型竞标赛
Chess tournament
Tennis tournament: 网球锦标赛
Badminton tournament
○4.race （与速度相关）比赛
A swimming race
A boat race
A bicycle race
▲2.⑴fight with bare fists ：赤手空拳的搏斗
⑵fight
①to take part in a war or battle
Eg:Vietnam fought France and then the US for over 30 years.越南与法国先后作战30多年。
②to hit sb in a sport:在体育比赛中与某人对抗
Eg:Peter fought his bitter enemy in the last round. Peter与他的死敌在最后一场比赛中不期而遇。
③fight for :为…而奋斗，拼搏
△ 1.struggle for
⑴ fight for the independence of the nation
⑵ fight for the interest of motherland
⑶ fight for freedom ：争取自由
⑷ fight for an answer ：绞尽脑汁
④fight against ：与…抗争
fight against economic odds ：与经济困难作斗争（odds:困难）
fight against one’s fate :与命运作斗争
⑤fight shy of doing sth （口）回避，讨厌
Eg: Princess Diana fought shy of meeting journalists before she died.
2.fighter ：战士，战斗机，拳击手
★3.
eg: they came to be known to us as fighters = they were referred to as fighters.
⑴because of this
Due to this
Owing to this
On account of this
◆4.
⑴be serious injured
Be badly injured
Be slightly injured ：受轻伤
◇1.injure 受外伤
Injure one’s pride / self-esteem 使自尊心（信心）受到打击
Eg:他在本次比赛中失利严重挫伤了他的自尊心. His failure in the competition injured his self-esteem.
◇2.wound （在作战）刀剑刺伤
◇3.hurt
Hurt one’s feeling ：伤害某人的情感
◇4.harm 对…有害，伤害
Eg: It will harm your eyes if you read in the sun.
⑵kill
①ill sb ：杀死某人
Eg: Take care of him!干掉他！
Eg: My head is killing me !( My head is hurting！)
Kill time ：打发时光
Eg: We play chess to kill time.
Eg: She stole the whole show tonight!
Eg: She dressed to kill tonight!
太抢眼，出尽了风头
Eg: You are killing me !
你笑死我了！
Lady-killer 少妇杀手（贬）
Man-killer 迷人的女子（贬）
Love-killer 恋爱高手
Road-killer 马路杀手（新手）
■5.
⑴figure : 人物
Colorful figure ：引人注目的人物
Legendary figure : 传奇式人物
Eg:在文学史上最富传奇的是杰克.伦敦，他以著作《野性的呼唤》而闻名遐迩。One of the most legendary figures in literary history is Jack London, who was famous for The Call of the wild.
Eg: one of the most colorful figures in military history is Napoleon Bonaparte.
▼6.
⑴gloves （五指分开的）手套
Mitten (四指合并) 手套
Work hand in glove with
Be hand in glove with
相互为奸，狼狈为奸
Eg:It was rumored that some of the gangsters were working hard in gloves with the police.（有谣传说…）
⑵introduce sth into/from
Eg:These friendly dogs were first introduced from Asia.
Eg:Tobacco was introduced into Europe from America.
⑶draw up 起草
Draw up a list of candidates
Draw up a declaration ：起草宣言
Draw up a contract ：起草合同
Draw up an agreement
Draw up a chair ：拉近了一把椅子
⑷a set of rules ：一套规则
表示成套的事物的量词
① a chest of drawers ：一摞抽屉
② a pack of playing cards : 一副牌
③ a set of toy bricks ：一套积木
④ a suite of rooms ：一套房间
⑤ a suit of clothes :一身衣服
7.
⑴did much to do sth : 为…做出了很大的贡献
Eg: Mr Deng did much to improve the people’s living standard.
Eg: Chairman Mao did much to change an old China into a prosperous socialist country.
⑵do little to sth ：没做什么
Eg: His arrival did little to solve the problem.
⑶change desert into farmland
把沙漠变良田
① change into his overalls
② change back into his suit
⑷bring…to…引进，带入
Bring tears to eyes :热泪盈眶
Bring the fact to light
公诸于世；曝光
Eg: Gambling brings him to ruin.
赌博使他身败名裂。
Bring sb to book ：盘问某人
Bring sb to fame : 功成名就
Bring sth to one’s attention
引起某人的注意力
▲ 8.in his day 在他的鼎盛时期
⑴enjoy the best moment of life
尽情享受人生最辉煌的时期
⑵in her heyday :全盛时期
⑶in my school days ：在我的学生时代
⑷in my blue days :女性的生理周期
★9. alike adj.（表语）相似的
Look alike
Be alike
⑵adv.in a similar way
Eg:The twins were dressed alike
Eg:I learded a lot from teachers and students alike.
⑶rich and poor ：穷人与富人
反义词同时出现表示整体
Black and white :白与黑
Day and night ：日日夜夜
◆10.attract one’s attention
引起某人的注意
Attract the attention of sb
Draw one’s attention
Occupy one’s attention
Arrest one’s attention
Capture one’s attention
Win one’s attention
Come to one’s attention
■11.be quick to learn
Be slow to learn
Eg:The little boy is slow to learn maths but quick to learn English.
▼12.turn against
⑴变得对…不满
Eg:The little boy turned against his mother after he got a new-born sister.
⑵背叛
Turn against one’s motherland
Turn against one’s old friend
Turn against one’s principles
①turn one’s head :冲昏头脑
Success turn one’s head
Flattery turn one’s head（失败）
Praise turn one’s head
●13.settle an argument (达到和解)解决问题
End an argument
Settle a quarrel ：解决纠纷
Settle a dispute : 解决争端
○1.solve:to find or provide a way of dealing with a problem
找到解决问题的方法
Solve a problem :解决问题
Solve a case :破案
Solve the murder :找到凶手
Dissolve a marriage : 解除婚约
▲14.He was defeated
①Win the game
Lose the game
②Beat (beat, beaten)
Eg:We beat them
③Take sb on :打赢某人
Eg:Don’t be afraid of him, you can take him on
④beat sb hands down （easily）
Eg:It beats me ! 搞不清楚
Eg:You can’t beat him in football
★15.meet 作战，交手，较量
Eg:met Humphries in the ring再度在拳台交锋（交手）
Eg:China meets Chinese Taipei.中国对对中国台北对。
①take on :交战
Eg:Korea takes on DPRK韩国对北朝鲜
（DPRK:Democratic People’s Republic of Korea）
②versus：（介）…对…；…比…
Eg: America is versus England
⑴on a later occasion ：还有一次
On an occasion : 有一次
On this occasion ：这一次
On several occasion :有几回
On occasion :from time to time 偶尔，时不时的
Eg:I have on occasion visited her at home
◆16.champion :冠军
◇1.Champagne :香槟
记忆方法：The champion drinks the champagne.
◇ 2.runner-up：亚军
◇ 3.3rd-place :季军
◇ 4.gold/silber/bronze medal
■17.hightly adv.（多用于抽象含义）
①think highly of sb
②a highly skilled worker ：技术高超的工人
Eg:a highly developed society ：高度发达的社会
□1.high adv.（多用在具体实在的含义上）
Fly high ：高飞
Aim high : 目标远大
Aim/shoot too high :好高骛远
Live high 消费高
Climb high :爬得高
▼18.single :adj.（用来加强表达效果）
Eg:I agree with every word you’ve said-every single word.你说得每个句子，每个单词我都同意。
Eg:I miss you every single day.
●19.be in debt ：负债累累
Be up to one’s chin in debt：深陷于，卷入债务之中
Be forgotten
Be left in the cold ：被淡忘了
Eg:The old lady who used to be a highly successful actress now is left in the cold.
How many unsuccessful attempts did Mendoza make before becoming Champion of all England?
Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago.
两百年前，拳击比赛在英国非常盛行。
In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money.
当时，拳击手们不戴手套，为争夺奖金而搏斗。
Because of this, they were known as 'prizefighters'.
因此，他们被称作“职业拳击手”。
However, boxing was very crude, for there were no rules and a prizefighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match.
不过，拳击是十分野蛮的，因为当时没有任何比赛规则，职业拳击手有可能在比赛中受重伤，甚至丧命。
One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who was born in 1764.
拳击史上最引人注目的人物之一是丹尼尔.门多萨，他生于1764年。
The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules.
1860年昆斯伯里侯爵第一次为拳击比赛制定了规则，拳击比赛这才用上了手套。
Though he was technically a prizefighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prizefighting into a sport, for he brought science to the game.
虽然门多萨严格来讲不过是个职业拳击手，但在把这种粗野的拳击变成一种体育运动方面，他作出了重大贡献。是他把科学引进了这项运动。
In his day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich and poor alike.
门多萨在他的全盛时期深受大家欢迎，无论是富人还是穷人都对他祟拜备至。
Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old.
门多萨在14岁时参加了一场拳击赛后一举成名。
This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England.
这引起了当时英国拳坛名将理查德.汉弗莱斯的注意。
He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn.
他主动提出教授门多萨，而年少的门多萨一学就会。
In fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him.
事实上，门多萨不久便名声大振，致使汉弗莱斯与他反目为敌。
The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight.
两个人争吵不休，显而易见，只有较量一番才能解决问题。
A match was held at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour.
于是两人在斯蒂尔顿设下赛场，厮打了一个小时。
The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated.
公众把大笔赌注下到了门多萨身上，但他却输了。
Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time.
后来，门多萨与汉弗莱斯再次在拳击场上较量，门多萨又输了一场。
It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England.
直到1790年他们第3次对垒，门多萨才终于击败汉弗莱斯，成了全英拳击冠军。
Meanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils.
同时，他建立了一所拳击学校，办得很成功，连拜伦勋爵也成了他的学生。
He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as $100 for a single appearance.
门多萨挣来大笔大笔的钱，一次出场费就可多达100英镑。
Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt.
尽管收入不少，但他挥霍无度，经常债台高筑。
After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten.
他在被一个叫杰克逊绅士的拳击手击败后很快被遗忘。
He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836.
他因无力还债而被捕入狱，最后于1836年在贫困中死去。
