23 :By heart
Lesson 22:By heart 熟记台词
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Which actor read the letter in the end, the aristocrat or the gaoler?
Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end, In many ways, this is unfortunate for the poor actors who are required to go on repeating the same lines night after night.
One would expect them to know their parts by heart and never have cause to falter.
Yet this is not always the case.
A famous actor in a highly successful play was once cast in the role of an aristocrat who had been imprisoned in the Bastille for twenty years.
In the last act, a gaoler would always come on to the stage with a letter which he would hand to the prisoner.
Even though the noble was expected to read the letter at each performance, he always insisted that it should be written out in full.
One night, the gaoler decided to play a joke on his colleague to find out if, after so many performances, he had managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart.
The curtain went up on the final act of the play and revealed the aristocrat sitting alone behind bars in his dark cell.
Just then, the gaoler appeared with the precious letter in his bands.
He entered the cell and presented the letter to the aristocrat.
But the copy he gave him had not been written out in full as usual.
It was simply a blank sheet of paper.
The gaoler looked on eagerly, anxious to see if his fellow actor had at last learnt his lines.
The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds.
Then, squinting his eyes, he said: 'The light is dim. Read the letter to me'.
And he promptly handed the sheet of paper to the gaoler.
Finding that he could not remember a word of the letter either, the gaoler replied: 'The light is indeed dim, sir, I must get my glasses.'
With this, he hurried off the stage. Much to the aristocrat's amusement, the gaoler returned a few moments later with a pair of glasses and the usual copy of the letter with he proceeded to read to the prisoner.
New words and expressions 生词和短语
run (ran, run)
v. （戏剧，电影等）连演，连映
lines
n. （剧本中的）台词
part
n. 剧中的角色，台词
falter
v. 支吾，结巴说
cast (cast, cast)
v. 连派……扮演角色
role
n. 角色
aristocrat
n. 贵族
imprison
v. 关押
Bastille
n. 巴士底狱
gaoler
n. 监狱长，看守
colleague
n. 同事
curtain
n. （舞台上的）幕布
reveal
v. 使显露
cell
n. 单人监房，监号
自学导读
Notes on the text
课文注释
1 on end，连续不断的。
2 in many ways，在许多方面。
3 go on repeating，继续重复。 go on加上现在分词是“继续干”的意思。
4 Yet this is not always the case. 然而情况并非总是如此。
5 in the role of…，充当……角色。
6 Bastille，巴士底狱。
曾是法国巴黎的监狱。1369年始建时是一个要塞，1789年被巴黎市民攻克并捣毁。
7 insisted that it should be written out in full, insist后面所接的宾语从句，常用虚拟语气“should +动词原形”，而should又经常可以省略。
8 play a joke on…，拿……开玩笑。
9 sire是古代仆人对国王的一种尊称，现在仅用于故事和剧本。
10 Much to the aristocrat's amusement，使贵族感到非常可笑的是……。
much为副词，此处修饰其后的介词短语 to the aristocrat's amusement. much to＋sb. 's sth. 是一个常见的状语短语，有“给某人带来很大的……”的
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★run (ran, run)
v. （戏剧，电影等）连演，连映
The film is so successful that it runs for several weeks.
★lines
n. （剧本中的）台词
★part
n. 剧中的角色，台词
★falter
v. 支吾，结巴说
stammmer
He has practised the poem several times,so he has no cause to falter.
蹒跚而行，stagger He faltered home.
★cast (cast, cast)
v. 连派……扮演角色
The actor was cast in the role of hero.
★role
n. 角色
★aristocrat
n. 贵族
★imprison
v. 关押
put sb imprison 关押
He was imprisoned for 10 years.
imprisonment n.
sentence sb to life imprisonment
判名人终生监禁
监狱：prison,jail,gaol
send sb to prison
put sb in prison
throw sb into prison
in prison: 坐牢，the prison
He is in prison(jail).
He is behind bars.
★Bastille
n. 巴士底狱
★gaoler
n. 监狱长，看守
★colleague
n. 同事
★curtain
n. （舞台上的）幕布
★reveal
v. 使显露
The secret hasn't been revealed.
reveal: 揭露，揭穿，把什么露出来
A curtain was up and revealed the beautiful scenery.
disclose: 揭发
disclose the truth
discover: 发现
uncover: 揭开具体的盖子
A very tight dress reveals the beautiful figure.
revealable. adj.可展现的
revealer: 探测器
★cell
n. 单人监房，监号
★blank
adj. 空白的
★squint
v. 眯着（眼）看，瞄
squint one's eyes
He squinted his eyes and looked at the letter.
pear at: 眯着眼睛看
★dim
adj. 昏暗
The room is too dim so I can't read the letter.
gloomy:(天气,心情)抑郁的
The weather is gloomy today.
He is in gloomy mood.
dusky:(天色）漆黑的，黑暗的
I can't go out at murky night.
misty: 多雾的，迷蒙的
The building is out of sight on such a misty day.
★sire
n. （古用法）陛下
★proceed
v. 继续进行
particular after stopping
proceed to/with: 进行继续某事
Let's proceed to business.
You must proceed with your work.
proceed from: 从什么着手开始继续
They proceed from lesson 1.
proceed against: 起诉某人
He decided to proceed against his neighbour.
【课文讲解】
By heart:熟记台词
on end= continuously: 连续的，位于具体的时间之后
He sat there for hours on end.
We had hardly anything to eat for days on end
on end: 竖着＝upright
The cat's for stood on end.
I got a big shock so my heart stood on end.
who=actor,关系代词做主语，不能省略
The student who was required to recite the poem 100 times is really poor.
learn/know by heart :把什么牢记在心
The sentence isto important that you must learn it by heart.
heart and soul: 全心全意的，全身心的
We sever the students heart and soul.
take heart:鼓起勇气，恢复信心
lose heart:失去信心
lose heart to sb=give heart to sb: 亲信于某人
The boy lost his heart to the girl.
put one's heart into sth:致力于某事
Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.
have one's heart in one's boots.:提心吊胆
He had his heart in his boots when he went out along at night.
which->letter
even though=even if=though/although
at each performance= at every performance
insist:坚决要求，suggest:建议，order:命令，demand:要求，require:要求
表示建议／要求／希望，和that宾语从句搭配，that从句必须出现should+动词原形的虚拟，should可以省略
in full=fully=completely
play a joke(cheek)on sb: 开某人玩笑
on the final act=in the last act
behind bars:铁窗之后
with独立主格结构
precious
hand to = present sth to= pass to
as usual
look on:旁观
anxious,形容词短语做伴随状况状语
stare at
i
ng形式，做方式状语，伴随状况状语
promptly=immediately
现在分词做状语
with this 说完这话
hurry off
much用来加强语气
which->letter
He laughs best who laughs last.
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Which actor read the letter in the end, the aristocrat or the gaoler?
Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end, In many ways, this is unfortunate for the poor actors who are required to go on repeating the same lines night after night.
One would expect them to know their parts by heart and never have cause to falter.
Yet this is not always the case.
A famous actor in a highly successful play was once cast in the role of an aristocrat who had been imprisoned in the Bastille for twenty years.
In the last act, a gaoler would always come on to the stage with a letter which he would hand to the prisoner.
Even though the noble was expected to read the letter at each performance, he always insisted that it should be written out in full.
One night, the gaoler decided to play a joke on his colleague to find out if, after so many performances, he had managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart.
The curtain went up on the final act of the play and revealed the aristocrat sitting alone behind bars in his dark cell.
Just then, the gaoler appeared with the precious letter in his bands.
He entered the cell and presented the letter to the aristocrat.
But the copy he gave him had not been written out in full as usual.
It was simply a blank sheet of paper.
The gaoler looked on eagerly, anxious to see if his fellow actor had at last learnt his lines.
The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds.
Then, squinting his eyes, he said: 'The light is dim. Read the letter to me'.
And he promptly handed the sheet of paper to the gaoler.
Finding that he could not remember a word of the letter either, the gaoler replied: 'The light is indeed dim, sir, I must get my glasses.'
With this, he hurried off the stage. Much to the aristocrat's amusement, the gaoler returned a few moments later with a pair of glasses and the usual copy of the letter with he proceeded to read to the prisoner.
New words and expressions 生词和短语
run (ran, run)
v. （戏剧，电影等）连演，连映
lines
n. （剧本中的）台词
part
n. 剧中的角色，台词
falter
v. 支吾，结巴说
cast (cast, cast)
v. 连派……扮演角色
role
n. 角色
aristocrat
n. 贵族
imprison
v. 关押
Bastille
n. 巴士底狱
gaoler
n. 监狱长，看守
colleague
n. 同事
curtain
n. （舞台上的）幕布
reveal
v. 使显露
cell
n. 单人监房，监号
自学导读
Notes on the text
课文注释
1 on end，连续不断的。
2 in many ways，在许多方面。
3 go on repeating，继续重复。 go on加上现在分词是“继续干”的意思。
4 Yet this is not always the case. 然而情况并非总是如此。
5 in the role of…，充当……角色。
6 Bastille，巴士底狱。
曾是法国巴黎的监狱。1369年始建时是一个要塞，1789年被巴黎市民攻克并捣毁。
7 insisted that it should be written out in full, insist后面所接的宾语从句，常用虚拟语气“should +动词原形”，而should又经常可以省略。
8 play a joke on…，拿……开玩笑。
9 sire是古代仆人对国王的一种尊称，现在仅用于故事和剧本。
10 Much to the aristocrat's amusement，使贵族感到非常可笑的是……。
much为副词，此处修饰其后的介词短语 to the aristocrat's amusement. much to＋sb. 's sth. 是一个常见的状语短语，有“给某人带来很大的……”的
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★run (ran, run)
v. （戏剧，电影等）连演，连映
The film is so successful that it runs for several weeks.
★lines
n. （剧本中的）台词
★part
n. 剧中的角色，台词
★falter
v. 支吾，结巴说
stammmer
He has practised the poem several times,so he has no cause to falter.
蹒跚而行，stagger He faltered home.
★cast (cast, cast)
v. 连派……扮演角色
The actor was cast in the role of hero.
★role
n. 角色
★aristocrat
n. 贵族
★imprison
v. 关押
put sb imprison 关押
He was imprisoned for 10 years.
imprisonment n.
sentence sb to life imprisonment
判名人终生监禁
监狱：prison,jail,gaol
send sb to prison
put sb in prison
throw sb into prison
in prison: 坐牢，the prison
He is in prison(jail).
He is behind bars.
★Bastille
n. 巴士底狱
★gaoler
n. 监狱长，看守
★colleague
n. 同事
★curtain
n. （舞台上的）幕布
★reveal
v. 使显露
The secret hasn't been revealed.
reveal: 揭露，揭穿，把什么露出来
A curtain was up and revealed the beautiful scenery.
disclose: 揭发
disclose the truth
discover: 发现
uncover: 揭开具体的盖子
A very tight dress reveals the beautiful figure.
revealable. adj.可展现的
revealer: 探测器
★cell
n. 单人监房，监号
★blank
adj. 空白的
★squint
v. 眯着（眼）看，瞄
squint one's eyes
He squinted his eyes and looked at the letter.
pear at: 眯着眼睛看
★dim
adj. 昏暗
The room is too dim so I can't read the letter.
gloomy:(天气,心情)抑郁的
The weather is gloomy today.
He is in gloomy mood.
dusky:(天色）漆黑的，黑暗的
I can't go out at murky night.
misty: 多雾的，迷蒙的
The building is out of sight on such a misty day.
★sire
n. （古用法）陛下
★proceed
v. 继续进行
particular after stopping
proceed to/with: 进行继续某事
Let's proceed to business.
You must proceed with your work.
proceed from: 从什么着手开始继续
They proceed from lesson 1.
proceed against: 起诉某人
He decided to proceed against his neighbour.
【课文讲解】
By heart:熟记台词
on end= continuously: 连续的，位于具体的时间之后
He sat there for hours on end.
We had hardly anything to eat for days on end
on end: 竖着＝upright
The cat's for stood on end.
I got a big shock so my heart stood on end.
who=actor,关系代词做主语，不能省略
The student who was required to recite the poem 100 times is really poor.
learn/know by heart :把什么牢记在心
The sentence isto important that you must learn it by heart.
heart and soul: 全心全意的，全身心的
We sever the students heart and soul.
take heart:鼓起勇气，恢复信心
lose heart:失去信心
lose heart to sb=give heart to sb: 亲信于某人
The boy lost his heart to the girl.
put one's heart into sth:致力于某事
Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.
have one's heart in one's boots.:提心吊胆
He had his heart in his boots when he went out along at night.
which->letter
even though=even if=though/although
at each performance= at every performance
insist:坚决要求，suggest:建议，order:命令，demand:要求，require:要求
表示建议／要求／希望，和that宾语从句搭配，that从句必须出现should+动词原形的虚拟，should可以省略
in full=fully=completely
play a joke(cheek)on sb: 开某人玩笑
on the final act=in the last act
behind bars:铁窗之后
with独立主格结构
precious
hand to = present sth to= pass to
as usual
look on:旁观
anxious,形容词短语做伴随状况状语
stare at
i
ng形式，做方式状语，伴随状况状语
promptly=immediately
现在分词做状语
with this 说完这话
hurry off
much用来加强语气
which->letter
He laughs best who laughs last.
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