2012考研阅读
the ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue rencently .
最近，对联邦最高法院大法官的道德评价成为一个重要话题。
The court cannot maintain its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law when justices behave like politicians. 当大法官的行为如同一个政客，法院就无法保持它其作为法律捍卫者的合法性
Yet,in several instances ,justices acted in ways that weaken the court"s reputation for being independent or impartial .
yet 然而 在好几起事件中，法官的行为都损害了法院独立、公正的声誉。
judgment 第一个熟知的意思是判断的意思；第二个就是评价的意思
legitimacy 合法性
behave 表现 vt
politician 政客
reputation 声誉
impartial 公平的公正的
Justice Antonin ，for example，appeared at political events。That kind of activity make it less likely that the court’s decisions will be accepted as impartial judgments.Part of the problem is that the justices are not bound by an ethics code
例如，大法官xx就曾经参加过一些政治活动。这样的活动会使人们不太可能承认法院决议的公正性。问题之一还在于，大法官并不受道德规法的约束。
At the very least ,the court should make itself subject to the code of conduct that applied to the rest of the federal judiciary
至少，最高法院应该遵守应用在其他联邦司法部门的行为准则。
federal judiciary 联邦司法部门
This and other similar cases raise the question of whether there is still a line between the court
and politics
这件事以及其他类似的事件引出了法院和政治之间是否有界线的问题。
The framers of Constitution envisioned law as having authority apart from politics.They gave justices permanent positions so they would be free to upset those in power and have no need to cultivate political support.
framers 制定者 创造者
permanent 固定的
★permanent position 意思是不变的位置，就是终身制
be free to 对什么东东是免费的，在此讲是无拘无束的，可以想干嘛就干嘛
upset 首先有个up会觉得这是一个褒义词，其实表达的意思都是不好的东西，当动词讲是打乱、打扰的意思，让人心烦的意思，形容词也是混乱心烦的意思！
宪法的制定者把法律视为独立于政治之外的权利，他们设立的大法官终生任职制让大法官可以无所顾忌地压制权贵而无需寻求政治支持。
Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely tired.
legal system 法律制度
judiciary 司法部
judicature 法官的总称呼
administration of justice [法] 执法，司法，司法行政
正是由于法律跟政治具有极为密切的关系，我们的司法制度才将法律和政治分割开来。
★★★Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social concepts like liberty and property.
results from 产生于…， 由…引起
直译就是宪法是由选择引起的，
宪法本身就是政治，这是因为形成宪法的选择是根源于诸如自由和财产基本社会观念之中。
when the court deals with social policy decisions ,the law it shapes is inescapably political——which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily dismissed as unjust .
decision 也当政策 决策讲
unjust 不公平的 不讲信用的
当法院在应对有关社会政策决策时，所形成的法规也就不可避免的会被政治化，这就是为什么与意识形态发生分离的决策会因被视为不公而遭到驳回的原因。
The justices must address doubts about the court's legitimacy by making themselves accountable to the code of conduct .
accountable 负有责任的 可解释的；有解释义务的法官们
address
法官必须通过使自己的行为符合法律规范来处理人们对法院公正性的质疑
That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and as a result ,convincing as law.
ruling adj. 统治的；支配的；管辖的；流行的 n. 统治；支配；裁定；[法]判决
指法院的判决
as a result 最终 从而
这就使法院的判决更可能被视为与政治脱离并最终被奉为律例，让人信服。
ideology （哲学方面）意识形态
★☆★ineluctable 不可避免的
separation of the three powers”； “tripartite” political system 三权分立
﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋
whisper message 耳语 低语
contend 声称 争论 主张
cure 治愈 疗法 措施（measure step）
half invitation and half forcing 半推半请
peer pressure 同伴压力
positive force 正面力量
group dynamics 集体动态
organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.'
各种组织和官员官员可以利用集体动态的力量，帮助个人改善生活乃至这个世界。
offers a host of examples of the social cure in action.列举了很多正在实施的社会疗法实例。
in action 可以翻译为实例
South Carolina 南卡罗莱州
initiative 当名词讲是 倡议的意思，自发的、原始的
critique 批评
effectiveness 有效，有力；有效性
★★★on the general effectiveness of social cure 从社会疗法的总体有效性来说
The recipient of Pulitzer Prize 普利策奖得主
spot on 准确的 一针见血的
Dear to be different 敢于与众不同
aim at 旨在 目的是
teenagers who desire nothing more than fitting in
nothing more than 仅仅
This so-called committee is nothing more than a figure-head. 他们这所谓的委员会只是一块空招牌。
a host of
a series of
a great deal of
a whole string of views
R argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers
★★★take a page from
向某人学习
R的看法很有说服力 她认为
sponsor vi发起者 vt赞助
rage 愤怒
haze 烟雾
翻译
since the days of Aristotle,a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise .in some ways this quest for commonalities defines science. ,★★★Newton's law of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomenon into a single explicatory framework
universal principles 普遍原理
scientific enterprise 科学界
framework 框架 架构
explicatory 解释的 说明的
自从亚里士多德起，科学界一直致力于对普遍原理的探求，从某些方面而言，寻找事务的共性也正是科学的含义，不论是牛顿的力学原理还是达尔文的进化论皆是通过一个单独框架来解释一系列看似不同的现象。
in physics ,one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme,and seek a theory of
everything----a single generative equation for all we see .
unification 统一 联合
在物理学领域，一种做法就是把这种寻求大同理论的冲动推向极端
最近，对联邦最高法院大法官的道德评价成为一个重要话题。
The court cannot maintain its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law when justices behave like politicians. 当大法官的行为如同一个政客，法院就无法保持它其作为法律捍卫者的合法性
Yet,in several instances ,justices acted in ways that weaken the court"s reputation for being independent or impartial .
yet 然而 在好几起事件中，法官的行为都损害了法院独立、公正的声誉。
judgment 第一个熟知的意思是判断的意思；第二个就是评价的意思
legitimacy 合法性
behave 表现 vt
politician 政客
reputation 声誉
impartial 公平的公正的
Justice Antonin ，for example，appeared at political events。That kind of activity make it less likely that the court’s decisions will be accepted as impartial judgments.Part of the problem is that the justices are not bound by an ethics code
例如，大法官xx就曾经参加过一些政治活动。这样的活动会使人们不太可能承认法院决议的公正性。问题之一还在于，大法官并不受道德规法的约束。
At the very least ,the court should make itself subject to the code of conduct that applied to the rest of the federal judiciary
至少，最高法院应该遵守应用在其他联邦司法部门的行为准则。
federal judiciary 联邦司法部门
This and other similar cases raise the question of whether there is still a line between the court
and politics
这件事以及其他类似的事件引出了法院和政治之间是否有界线的问题。
The framers of Constitution envisioned law as having authority apart from politics.They gave justices permanent positions so they would be free to upset those in power and have no need to cultivate political support.
framers 制定者 创造者
permanent 固定的
★permanent position 意思是不变的位置，就是终身制
be free to 对什么东东是免费的，在此讲是无拘无束的，可以想干嘛就干嘛
upset 首先有个up会觉得这是一个褒义词，其实表达的意思都是不好的东西，当动词讲是打乱、打扰的意思，让人心烦的意思，形容词也是混乱心烦的意思！
宪法的制定者把法律视为独立于政治之外的权利，他们设立的大法官终生任职制让大法官可以无所顾忌地压制权贵而无需寻求政治支持。
Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely tired.
legal system 法律制度
judiciary 司法部
judicature 法官的总称呼
administration of justice [法] 执法，司法，司法行政
正是由于法律跟政治具有极为密切的关系，我们的司法制度才将法律和政治分割开来。
★★★Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social concepts like liberty and property.
results from 产生于…， 由…引起
直译就是宪法是由选择引起的，
宪法本身就是政治，这是因为形成宪法的选择是根源于诸如自由和财产基本社会观念之中。
when the court deals with social policy decisions ,the law it shapes is inescapably political——which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily dismissed as unjust .
decision 也当政策 决策讲
unjust 不公平的 不讲信用的
当法院在应对有关社会政策决策时，所形成的法规也就不可避免的会被政治化，这就是为什么与意识形态发生分离的决策会因被视为不公而遭到驳回的原因。
The justices must address doubts about the court's legitimacy by making themselves accountable to the code of conduct .
accountable 负有责任的 可解释的；有解释义务的法官们
address
法官必须通过使自己的行为符合法律规范来处理人们对法院公正性的质疑
That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and as a result ,convincing as law.
ruling adj. 统治的；支配的；管辖的；流行的 n. 统治；支配；裁定；[法]判决
指法院的判决
as a result 最终 从而
这就使法院的判决更可能被视为与政治脱离并最终被奉为律例，让人信服。
ideology （哲学方面）意识形态
★☆★ineluctable 不可避免的
separation of the three powers”； “tripartite” political system 三权分立
﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋﹋
whisper message 耳语 低语
contend 声称 争论 主张
cure 治愈 疗法 措施（measure step）
half invitation and half forcing 半推半请
peer pressure 同伴压力
positive force 正面力量
group dynamics 集体动态
organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.'
各种组织和官员官员可以利用集体动态的力量，帮助个人改善生活乃至这个世界。
offers a host of examples of the social cure in action.列举了很多正在实施的社会疗法实例。
in action 可以翻译为实例
South Carolina 南卡罗莱州
initiative 当名词讲是 倡议的意思，自发的、原始的
critique 批评
effectiveness 有效，有力；有效性
★★★on the general effectiveness of social cure 从社会疗法的总体有效性来说
The recipient of Pulitzer Prize 普利策奖得主
spot on 准确的 一针见血的
Dear to be different 敢于与众不同
aim at 旨在 目的是
teenagers who desire nothing more than fitting in
nothing more than 仅仅
This so-called committee is nothing more than a figure-head. 他们这所谓的委员会只是一块空招牌。
a host of
a series of
a great deal of
a whole string of views
R argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers
★★★take a page from
向某人学习
R的看法很有说服力 她认为
sponsor vi发起者 vt赞助
rage 愤怒
haze 烟雾
翻译
since the days of Aristotle,a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise .in some ways this quest for commonalities defines science. ,★★★Newton's law of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomenon into a single explicatory framework
universal principles 普遍原理
scientific enterprise 科学界
framework 框架 架构
explicatory 解释的 说明的
自从亚里士多德起，科学界一直致力于对普遍原理的探求，从某些方面而言，寻找事务的共性也正是科学的含义，不论是牛顿的力学原理还是达尔文的进化论皆是通过一个单独框架来解释一系列看似不同的现象。
in physics ,one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme,and seek a theory of
everything----a single generative equation for all we see .
unification 统一 联合
在物理学领域，一种做法就是把这种寻求大同理论的冲动推向极端
