戏剧的36种情境

1.哀求Supplicatio
 描述
 要素：
 ·迫害者Persecutor
 ·哀求者Supplicant
 ·悬而未决的权威力Power in Authority whose decision is doubtful
 概要
 哀求者被迫害者追捕、伤害或威胁，并向有力权威祈求帮助。
 The Supplicant is chased, harmed or otherwise threatened by the Persecutor and begs for help from the Power in Authority.
 变体
 A
 逃亡者们寻求势力帮助，对抗他们的敌人。fugitives imploring the powerful for help against their enemies
 被禁制的助手为虔诚地履行职责而祈求帮助。assistance implored for the performance of a pious duty which has been forbidden
 为死囚申诉appeals for a refuge in which to die
 B
 受难者恳求友好款待。hospitality besought by the shipwrecked
 因耻辱而被己方抛弃的人恳求宽恕。charity entreated by those cast off by their own people, whom they have disgraced
 赎罪，寻求赦免、治愈或救援expiation, the seeking of pardon, healing or deliverance
 以尸体或遗物乞降the surrender of a corpse, or of a relic, solicited
 C
 为哀求者的珍视之物向权贵祈求。supplication of the powerful for those dear to the suppliant
 为某亲友的利益向另一亲友求情。supplication to a relative in behalf of another relative
 为了一位母亲向她的情人求情 supplication to a mother's lover, in her behalf
 论述
 “哀求”代表乞求，谦卑地向某人恳求你所没有的事物。现实是你无法轻易取得它，无论是因为力量的不平衡亦或是道德准则。这意味着将你自身置于这样一个境地：有能力祝你一臂之力者的慈悲，是你唯一的选择。
'Supplication' is begging, humbly asking for something that someone else has and you do not have. There fact that you cannot just take it, whether through an imbalance of power or moral codes means the throwing yourself on the charity of the person who can help is the only option.
 在可疑的迫害者方面并不十分明晰，他们可能在追捕或已经伤害了哀求者。这样确实可以增加绝望的氛围，然而，在哀求者的方面而言，同情才是我们要提供的（可能也要消去所有乞求时的反感）
The position of the shady Persecutor is not very clear, who may be chasing or having harmed the Supplicant. This does add desperation, however, to the Supplicant's position, adding to the sympathy that we will offer (and perhaps removing any disgust at begging).
 设置其他剧情使乞求者陷入困境也是可以的，当他们已经谦卑到极限，将姿态放到最低，却依然被拒绝时，他们可能变得极具报复性。
 It can also offer another story strand that beggars, having humbled themselves to the lowest position can become very vengeful if they are rejected.
 这个情景意在引发一种孩子向父母乞求事物般的共鸣，从而牵动心弦。受环境所迫，不得不去乞求、谦恭卑下的情景，可由此让我们为主角感到难过。
This situation echoes the child begging its parent for something and thus tugs at very early strings. The situation of having to beg is, in itself, very humbling and we thus may feel sorry for the protagonist.
 “哀求”是乔治·波尔蒂的36种戏剧情景中的第一种。
 'Supplication' is the 1st of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
2.援助Deliverance
描述
 要素：
 ·不幸An Unfortunate
 ·威胁者 A Threatener
 ·救助者A Rescuer
 概要
 在某些情况下由威胁者的威胁引发的不幸，被救助者解救。
 The Unfortunate is threatened in some way by the Threatener and is saved by the Rescuer.
 变体
 A
 救助者的表现遭到谴责。Appearance of a rescuer to the condemned.
 B
 双亲之一为子嗣代登王位。A parent replaced upon the throne by his children.
 朋友或陌生人为利益或款待伸出援手。Rescue by friends or by strangers grateful for benefits or hospitality.
 论述
 被援救情景，表演出人们对安全感的原始需要，并引发观众对童年时期，孩童自己惹上各种麻烦却被父母解救时的情感共鸣。
 Being rescued plays to the primitive need for safety and echoes the childhood theme of being 'saved' by parents from the various messes into which children get themselves.
 精神分析的一般领域，充满着关于对源自婴儿时期的印象的观测。
 The general field of psychoanalysis is full of observations around the theme of patterns that originate from infancy
 “援助”是乔治·波尔蒂的36种戏剧情景中的第二个。
 'Deliverance' is the 2nd of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
3.对罪行的复仇Vengeance of a crime
描述
 要素：
 ·复仇者An Avenger
 ·罪犯A Criminal
 概要
 复仇者向罪犯曾经的罪行实施报复。The Avenger wreaks vengeance on the Criminal for past crimes.
 变体
 A
 向弑杀双亲或先祖者复仇The avenging of a slain parent or ancestor
 向弑杀子嗣或后辈者复仇The avenging of a slain child or descendant
 为子嗣受辱而复仇Vengeance for a child dishonored
 向弑杀丈夫或妻子者复仇The avenging of a slain wife or husband
 为妻子受辱或险些受辱而复仇Vengeance for the dishonor or attempted dishonoring of a wife
 为被杀害的情人复仇vengeance for a mistress slain
 为受害的友人复仇Vengeance for a slain or injured friend
 为被诱骗的姐妹复仇Vengeance for a sister seduced
 B
 为故意伤害或毁坏而复仇Vengeance for intentional injury or spoliation
 向离开期间的掠夺复仇Vengeance for having been despoiled during absence
 为诬告而复仇Revenge for a false accusation
 因违背协议而复仇Vengeance for violation
 为被抢走的私有物而复仇Vengeance for having been robbed of one's own
 为整体中某个人的欺骗而复仇Vengeance on a whole sex for a deception by one
 C
 对罪犯的专业追捕Professional pursuit of criminals
 论述
 报复是我们日常生活中的一个常见话题，不过对预防犯罪再度发生这个目的而言，其影响在大多时候微乎其微。“复仇”，甚至更甚于与其及其相似的“报复”，为了使已经在某些方面受到伤害的人获得补偿，并可能是于盛怒之下做出行动，有时极具争议地比原本的犯罪更加恶劣。
Revenge is a common topic within our everyday lives, although the effect in terms of preventing recurrence of the crime is often negligible. 'Vengeance', even more than the very similar 'revenge' is done for the satisfaction of those who have been harmed in some way, and can be an act of great anger, sometimes arguably worse than the original crime.
 在一个故事中看见复仇，给我们提供了间接的发泄，允许我们无害地抒发在其他方面可能给我们造成麻烦的怨气。看到反派被惩处给我们公义感的满足并确认正义将永远得到伸张。
Seeing vengeance in a story provides us with a vicarious release, allowing us to harmlessly channel our vengeful anger that might otherwise get us into trouble. Seeing the villain punished gives a sense of righteous satisfaction and confirmation that right will always be done.
 “对罪行的复仇”是乔治·波尔蒂的36种戏剧情景中的第三种。
 'Vengeance of a crime' is the 3rd of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
4.亲族间复仇Vengeance taken for kindred upon kindred
描述
 要素
 ·要复仇的亲属Avenging kinsman
 ·有罪的亲属Guilty kinsman
 ·受害者的回忆Remembrance of the victim
 ·双方间的联系A relative of both
 概要
 家族成员之一，有罪的亲属，伤害了另一位家族成员（受害者）。而他也因这项严重罪行被为此复仇的亲属惩处。
 One family member, the Guilty Kinsman, harms another (the Victim). They are punished for this serious transgression by an Avenging Kinsman.
 变体
 A
 为父亲之死向母亲复仇a father's death avenged upon a mother
 为母亲向父亲复仇a mother avenged upon a father
 B
 为兄弟之死向子嗣复仇a brother's death avenged upon a son
 C
 为父亲之死向丈夫复仇a father's death avenged upon a husband
 D
 为丈夫之死向父亲复仇a husband's death avenged upon a father
 论述
 家庭成员间通常有着极其强烈的社交信赖规范，因此一位家族成员对另一位家族成员造成的伤害难以被忽视。这可能导致极其严厉的惩罚，比如将罪犯流放甚至判处死刑。
Families very often have extremely strong social trust codes whereby the harming of one family member by another cannot go unnoticed. This can lead to extreme punishment, such as casting out of the offender or even their death.
 在家族意志的影响下，杀害一个与来自文化边界以外的男人结婚或共同生活的女子，及至今日仍非罕见。
 This is not so unusual even today, where families will, for example, kill a woman who marries or lives with a man who is from outside of cultural boundaries.
 值得注意的是家族这一象征同样适用于如黑帮，或其他激烈惩处所有背叛家规的家族成员的组织团伙。
 It is noticeable that the family metaphor is adopted by such organized groups as the Mafia, and who punish severely any family members who transgress family rules.
 同对罪行的复仇一样，这一行为通常充斥着盛怒，或许不仅仅只是因为罪行，而且亦可能染上了悲痛的色彩。在故事中，或许以某种方式向人们认证背叛亲族的严重责任并不是家庭准则中的一部分，甚至表明这一传统但已经不再需要，可能会取得十分震撼的效果。
As with vengeance of a crime, this act is often filled with great anger, perhaps even more so than for criminal action, although perhaps also tinged with sorrow. In a story, it can be very shocking and perhaps somehow affirming to people where extreme response to family betrayal is not a part of the family code, or even where this is used but has not been needed.
 “亲族间复仇”是乔治·波尔蒂的36种戏剧情景中的第四种。
 'Vengeance taken for kindred upon kindred' is the 4th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
5.追逐Pursuit
 描述
 要素
 ·惩罚Punishment
 ·逃亡者A Fugitive
 概要
 逃亡者因某些恶行而被追踪、逮捕并惩处。
 A Fugitive is pursued, caught and Punished for some miscreant act.
 变体
 A
 逃脱因抢劫或政治罪等引发的司法追捕
 Fugitives from justice pursued for brigandage, political offences, etc
 B
 因错爱而被追捕
 Pursued for a fault of love
 C
 英雄与某一势力的斗争
 A hero struggling against a power
 D
 伪装精神病人与类似埃古（Iago，出自莎士比亚戏剧《奥赛罗》）的精神病医生的斗争。
 A pseudo-madman struggling against an Iago-like alienist.
 论述
 狩猎(Chase)是一种我们熟知并极易被定义为追逐的常见游戏，猎手从中感受猎物的恐惧感以及它们逃避捕捉时的兴奋，至少暂时是。
Chase is a common game with which we are familiar and so easily identify with the pursued, feeling their sense of fear and excitement as they evade capture, at least for a while.
 狩猎也反映了追寻的一般泛用模式，英雄（或某人）为了某种欲求或需要的对象而跟进一项任务，从这种取舍资源中唤起兴奋感也是极有可能的。
Chase also mirrors a common broader pattern of seeking, where the hero (or someone) goes on a quest after some desired or needed object, so perhaps also evoking excitement from this alternative source.
 斗争是追逐的一种特例，但是在广义上说，这反映了在追寻中，斗争可能往复不断的模式。
 Struggle is an odd addition to pursuit, although in the broader sense, this reflects the pattern of seeking, in which struggle can be a recurring theme.
 “追逐”是乔治·波尔蒂的36种戏剧情景中的第五种。
 'Pursuit' is the 5th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
6.灾难Disaster
描述
 要素
 ·溃败的势力A vanquished power,
 ·胜利的敌方A victorious enemy,
 ·信使(或许有)Or a messenger
 概要
 灾难性的事件发生了。
 A calamitous event occurs.
 变体
 A
 迎击灾难
 Defeat suffered
 祖国被摧毁
 A fatherland destroyed
 人类毁灭
 The fall of humanity
 自然大灾变
 A natural catastrophe
 B
 君主被推翻
 A monarch overthrown
 C
 因忘恩负义而受难
 Ingratitude suffered
 因不公正的处罚或敌意而受难
 The suffering of unjust punishment or enmity
 因暴行而受难
 An outrage suffered
 D
 被情人或丈夫抛弃
 Abandonment by a lover or a husband
 儿童被父母遗弃
 Children lost by their parents
 论述
 灾难可能以多种形式出现，无论是缘于他人的恶意，事故，命运或环境。造成伤害是灾难的底线。无论为何发生，他提供了一个人类故事的典型基础，即主角恢复并反击。这或许是为了生存，或许是为了拯救他人，亦或是为了复仇。英雄们正是在这样的环境中孕育而生。
Disaster can take many forms, whether caused by malignant others, accident, fate or the environment. The bottom line is that harm is caused. No matter the cause, it provides a classic base for human stories where the protagonist recovers and fights back, perhaps for survival, perhaps to save others and perhaps for vengeance. In such circumstances are heroes born.
 通过观看灾难与其余波，我们将感激此等灾难尚未在我们身上发生。我们的日常警觉也会因为意识到灾难可能降临自身而提高。当我们代入主角并观察它们的反应时，我们感到也能从灾难中生存下来的希望，并可能学习到某些避祸的手段。
In watching disasters and their aftermath, we feel grateful that such calamity has not happened to use. We may also gain an increase in general tension that disaster could also happen to us. As we identify with the protagonist and watch their response, we feel hopeful that we also could survive a disaster and perhaps learn some of the things to avoid.
 “灾难”是乔治·波尔蒂的36种戏剧情景中的第六种。
 'Disaster' is the 6th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
7.飞来横祸Falling prey to cruelty or misfortune
 描述
 要素
 ·不幸者An Unfortunate
 ·主使者或灾厄A Master or a Misfortune
 概要
 无辜的不幸者被意外的灾厄或深思熟虑且蓄谋已久的主使所伤。The innocent Unfortunate is harmed by accidental Misfortune or by a deliberate Master who should know better.
 变体
 A
 使无辜者成为野心阴谋的受害者。The innocent made the victim of ambitious intrigue
 B
 无辜者被护卫劫掠The innocent despoiled by those who should protect
 C
 权力者被剥夺权力或变得穷困潦倒。The powerful dispossessed or wretched
 被喜爱的人或亲密的人发现自己其实并不被放在心上。A favorite or an intimate finds himself forgotten
 D
 不幸者被夺去希望。The unfortunate robbed of their hope
 论述
 无辜者在故事中时常出现，并反映了孩童被自身的天真引向危险与伤害的状况。
 Innocents are common in stories and echo the position of the child whose naivety leads them into danger and harm. Harming innocents thus creates emotion of outrage and horror.
 那些伤害了孩子们的人，正走在亲属向亲属复仇的道路上，并作为其中某些事件的主谋。所以那些伤害了无辜者的人可能也面临着相同的命运，给予观众复仇的满足感。
Those who harm children are subject to something along the lines of vengeance taken for kindred upon kindred, and so those who harm the innocent may befall the same fate, giving the viewer the satisfaction of revenge.
 不幸带来的希望破灭，可以将我们从开拓道路或被解救中发现的美好信念中送入绝望的深渊。
 The loss of hope that misfortune can bring can send us into a deep despair, from which we can find wonderful relief as we claw our way out or are rescued.
 “飞来横祸”是乔治·波尔蒂的36种戏剧情境中的第七种。
 'Falling prey to cruelty or misfortune' is the 7th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
8.叛乱Revolt
 描述
 要素
 ·暴君A Tyrant
 ·反叛者A Conspirator
 概要
 反叛者领导或为一场针对暴君的叛乱做出贡献。
 The Conspirator leads or contributes to a revolt against an oppressive Tyrant
 变体
 A
 针对个人的密谋a conspiracy chiefly of one individual
 针对群体的密谋a conspiracy of several
 B
 影响并波及其他人的个人叛乱。revolt of one individual who influences and involves others
 群起叛乱a revolt of many
 论述
 在革命故事中，我们的同情心可能指向任意一方，同情自由斗士向残暴政权发起挑战，或支持同自私自利的犯罪者斗争的法律执行官。
 In stories of revolution, our sympathies can be directed to either side, to sympathy for the freedom fighters against an oppressive regime or support for the law enforcement officers who fight self-promoting criminals.
 革命是我们少年时代的主题之一，本能地推动我们反抗家长的控制，逃脱家庭的牢笼，将基因种子散播到更广更远之处。
 Revolution is a theme of our teenage years as nature impels us to rebel against parental control and flee the family fold to spread the genetic seed far and wide.
 革命同时也是成人所恐惧的，因为它的威胁将会扰乱或摧毁他们已经学习接受并奉为法律的系统。
 Revolution is also scary for adults as it threatens to disrupt and destroy the system that they have learned and accepted as law.
 “反叛”是乔治·波尔蒂的36种戏剧情境中的第八种。
 'Revolt' is the 8th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
9.英勇业绩Daring enterprise
 描述
 要素
 ·大胆的领导者A Bold leader
 ·一个目标An Object
 ·一名对手An Adversary
 概要
 空（译者按：真的是空！）
 变体
 A
 战争准备preparations for war
 B
 战争war
 战斗a combat
 C
 带走希冀之人或物。carrying off a desired person or object
 收复渴求之物recapture of a desired object
 D
 冒险远征。adventurous expeditions
 为了获得钟爱的女性同意冒险。adventure undertaken for the purpose of obtaining a beloved woman
 论述
 英勇是年轻成人（尤其是男性）证明自我所需的属性之一，它可能通过仪式行为或者巡礼证明，表明此人值得尊重，并因此获得进入群体更高层的许可。
Daring is an attribute of the young adult (particularly the male) who prove themselves, perhaps by acts of ritual and rites of passage, as worthy of esteem and thus being allowed to belong to a higher level within the group.
 观看他人的英勇和勇敢行径，另一方面鼓励了我们面对自身的魔鬼，也使我们得到间接的发泄。
 Watching others acting in daring and courageous ways either inspires us to face our own demons or gives us a vicarious release.
 “英勇业绩”是乔治·波尔蒂的36种戏剧情境中的第九种。
 'Daring enterprise' is the 9th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
10.诱拐Abduction
 描述
 要素
 ·诱拐者The Abductor
 ·诱拐对象The Abducted
 ·护卫者The Guardian
 概要
 诱拐对象被诱拐者带走。而后诱拐对象可能被护卫者解救。
 The Abducted person is taken by the Abductor. The Abducted may be rescued by a Guardian.
 变体
 A
 诱拐并非心甘情愿的女性。abduction of an unwilling woman
 B
 诱拐心甘情愿的女性。abduction of a consenting woman
 C
 在并未杀死诱拐者的情况下带回被拐女性。recapture of the woman without the slaying of the abductor
 杀死诱拐者，带回被拐女性。recapture of the woman with the abductor slain
 D
 营救被俘的同伴。the rescue of a captive friend
 营救孩子。the rescue of a child
 营救被错误困扰者的灵魂。the rescue of a soul in captivity to error
 论述
 诱拐意味着捕获并带走某个人，在通常情况下这违背那个人的意愿，但也有可能只是因为意外状况。当营救者做出某些“反诱拐”行动时，被诱拐者将重获自由。
Abduction is the capture and taking of a person, normally against their will but perhaps just in an unexpected situation. Freedom comes when a rescuer performs some kind of 'reverse abduction'.
 
诱拐对象的想法会在我们中的许多人心中营造恐惧，这让我们想起孩子或爱人（甚至可能是我们自己）被绑架的情况。那些恐惧之后转化为营救和逃脱重围的想法，这些想法可能将在故事的其余部分反复出现，使读者们高度集中并紧张兴奋。
The thought of abduction creates fear in many of us as we think about children and loved ones being kidnapped (or maybe ourselves being taken). That fear then turns to thoughts of rescue and escape around which the rest of the story may revolve, with the reader paying close and excited attention.
 “诱拐”是乔治·波尔蒂的三十六种戏剧情境中的第十种。
 'Abduction' is the 10th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
11.谜团Enigma
 概述
 要素
 ·询问者
 ·探寻者
 ·疑问
 概要
 询问者将探寻者必须解决的疑问摆在了探寻者面前。
 The Interrogator poses a Problem which the Seeker must solve.
 变体
 A
 在死亡威胁下对某个必须被找到的人展开搜索。Search for person who must be found on pain of death
 B
 在死亡威胁下的待解谜题。A riddle to be solved on pain of death
 在死亡威胁下的待解谜题，而询问者是搜寻者所倾慕的女性。A riddle to be solved on pain of death in which the poser is the coveted woman
 C
 以找出某人的名字为目标提供悬赏。Temptations offered with the object of discovering his name
 以辨明性别为目标提供悬赏。Temptations offered with the object of ascertaining the sex
 为了检测精神状况而进行的测试。Tests for the purposes of ascertaining the mental condition
 论述
 谜题和疑问将读者们代入情景之中，让他们（读者）也一同探求谜题的解释和解答。
 Puzzles and problems draw the reader into the situation as they (the reader) also seeks to understand and resolve the puzzle.
 我们想要解决谜题的基本动机，是对完成推理，并获得谜题解决奖励的需要。解决谜题让我们感到自身的聪敏与知性，并因此能够面对更多人生中的其他挑战。
A basis of the motivation we feel to resolve puzzles is the need for completion and the consequent reward of closure. Resolving enigmas makes us feel clever and intellectual and hence more able to face life's other challenges.
 而更多广泛的悬赏则基于其他基本需要和欲望。
 More general temptations play to basic needs and desires.
 “谜团”是乔治·波尔蒂的三十六种戏剧情境中的第十一种。
 'The Enigma' is the 11th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
12.说得Obtaining
 概述
 要素
 ·说客A Solicitor
 ·拒绝给予的对方An Adversary who is refusing
 或者
 ·仲裁者An Arbitrator
 ·反对派Opposing Parties
 概要
 说客向拒绝合作的对方请求提供某些事物。A Solicitor requests something of the Adversary, who refuses to cooperate.
 或者，有一群不愿看到协议达成的反对派提出异议，于是双方的争端被仲裁者解决。Or, there are Opposing Parties who cannot reach agreement and so their dispute is resolved by the Arbitrator.
 变体
 A
 试图用诡计或暴力说得。Efforts to obtain an object by ruse or force
 B
 仅仅靠铁齿铜牙做出努力。Endeavour by means of persuasive eloquence alone
 C
 同仲裁者雄辩。Eloquence with an arbitrator
 论述
 当一个人想让另一个人做某事或提供某物但后者拒绝时，被牵涉到的双方都会生出紧张气氛。这种人际间的矛盾可以成为许多故事的引子。
 When one person wants another to do or provide something but the second refuses, a tension arises between the people involved. This interpersonal conflict can be the basis of many stories.
 这样的矛盾常见于我们的日常生活中，无论故事中的角色拒绝与否，我们都能从中认出自己的影子。
 Such conflicts are common in our daily lives and we recognize ourselves in stories such as where those who have refuse to give to those who do not.
 当肢体冲突不可能发生或令人不悦时，双方或许会寻求某个第三方来帮助解决事态。对于这个第三方来说，仲裁者只是十种可能角色中的一种。这个第三方也能因挽救那天的事态而成为英雄人物，他可能是解决方案的首倡者，也可能相对只是个次要协助者。
Where physical conflict is impossible or undesirable, the parties may turn to someone else to help resolve the situations. For this third person, arbitration is only one of ten possible roles. This person can thus take a heroic role in saving the day and may be the main protagonist or a relatively minor helper.
 “说得”是乔治·波尔蒂的三十六种戏剧情境中的地十二种。
 'Obtaining' is the 12th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
13.同族仇怨Enmity of kinsmen
 概述
 要素
 ·心怀恶意的亲属Malevolent Kinsman
 ·被厌恶或相互厌恶的亲属Hated or reciprocally hating kinsman
 概要
 两支同族相互憎恶（并表现出相应行为）。Two relatives hate one another (and act accordingly).
 变体
 A
 一位被另几人所厌恶的兄弟。One brother hated by several
 兄弟睨墙。Reciprocal hatred between brothers
 亲属间因自私而相互憎恶。Hatred between relatives for reasons of self-interest
 B
 父子反目。Hatred of father and son
 夫妻反目。Mutual hatred
 女儿憎恨父亲。Hatred of daughter for the father
 C
 祖孙反目。Hatred of grandfather for grandson
 D
 养父养子间反目。Hatred of father-in-law for son-in-law
 义兄弟反目。Hatred of two brothers-in-law
 E
 养母养女间反目。Hatred of mother-in-law for daughter-in-law
 F
 弑杀婴儿。Infanticide
 论述
 家族不合是在许多社会团体中普遍存在的悲伤主题，同族间的两人不但无法融洽相处，甚至他们间的相互不喜最终发展成憎恶，并为此付出代价。
A sadly common theme through many societies is the family feud, where two people not only do not get on with one another but their dislike blossoms into full hatred and all that that entails.
 家族间的问题在于无论是是否喜欢他们，你都无法逃避。他们不会仅仅因为你不同意他们的言行或做法而不再成为你的家人。这有时候会让事情恶化，当你们共同继承了家族的姓氏，而某个亲戚做了你认为不好的事情时，在某些方面，这会让你觉得你在某种意义上你也做了这样的事情。这样的状况也可以超越家族的围墙之外，例如，一名罪犯的家族可能会遭受社会歧视，家族中的所有人都会被打上罪犯的标签。但这些家人可能因憎恨家族中的害群之马而被原谅。
The problem with family is that love them or hate them, you can't escape them. Just because you do not agree with what they may say or do, they do not stop being family. This can make things worse, as you share the family name and when a relative does something you consider bad it is, in some respects, as if you have done that thing in some way. This can also leak beyond the walls of the family home, for example, where a criminal's family may suffer socially, all being branded as somehow criminal. They might thus be forgiven for hating the black sheep of the family.
 家人间的憎恨也可能拥有深刻的精神上的根源，比如恋母情结不可能一帆风顺，父母与孩子间的敌意则变成了根深蒂固的心结。同样，兄弟姐妹间向长辈争宠可能演变为他们间的长期不和。
Family hatred can also have deep, psychoanalytic roots, for example where the Oedipus Complex is not navigated successfully, and enmity between parents and and children becomes an ingrained pattern. Likewise early sibling rivalry for parental attention can morph into long-term grudges.
 弑杀婴儿的现在今天依然存在，例如在某些文化中有重男轻女的部分，或者少年妈妈难以成功。
 Infanticide is still alive today, for example in cultures where having a baby girl is less desirable than having a boy, or where teenage mothers are just unable to cope.
 有许多真实生活中的同族仇怨被改编进了故事之中。比如肥皂剧就经常围绕家人间的摩擦展开。这样的争端也能引出更加宏伟的冒险，比如某个孩子为了向父母或者亲人“证明”自己，而达成某些伟大的事迹。
There is much in real-life about family hatred that translates into stories. Soap operas, for example, often rotate around family friction. Such disputes can also lead to grander adventures, for example where a child achieves great things in order to 'show' parents or relatives what he or she is made of.
 “同族仇怨”是乔治·波尔蒂的三十六种戏剧情境中的第十三种。
 'Enmity of kinsmen' is the 13th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
14.同族竞争Rivalry of kinsmen
 概述
 要素
 ·同族受欢迎者（译者注：赢家）The Preferred Kinsman
 ·同族被拒绝者（译者注：卢瑟）The Rejected Kinsman
 ·被竞争对象The Object
 概要
 亲属双方为某一对象而竞争，其他人通常会给予受欢迎者更多的援助，而对被拒绝者提供较少援助。Two relatives compete over an Object, often another person who shows more favor to the Preferred Kinsman and shows less favor to the Rejected Kinsman.
 变体
 A
 来自兄弟姐妹之一的恶意竞争。Malicious rivalry of a sibling
 兄弟姐妹间的恶意竞争。Malicious rivalry of two siblings
 兄弟姐妹间的恶意竞争，而其中的一方参与通奸。Rivalry of two siblings, with adultery on the part of one
 B
 亲子间为某位未婚情人而恶意竞争。Rivalry of a parent and a child for an unmarried lover
 亲子间为某位已婚情人而恶意竞争。Rivalry of a parent and a child for a married lover
 双亲之一与子女为了双亲另一方的爱而恶意竞争。Rivalry of a parent and a child for the love of the other parent
 父母与子女间的恶意竞争。Rivalry of parent and child
 C
 堂或表兄弟姐妹间的恶意竞争。Rivalry of cousins
 D
 朋友间的恶意竞争。Rivalry of friends
 论述
 与另一方竞争可以有非常宽泛的动机。即使双方相互竞争，他们也依然可以是朋友。他们也可能是敌人或者只是互不关心的两人。而在竞赛中将另一方贬低为毫无感情的物体，并因此无视人性肆意侮辱对方的情况也十分常见。
Rivals can have a broad range of emotions towards one another. Although they compete, they may also be friends. They may also be enemies or be indifferent to one another. It is common in competitions to reduce the other party to an insensate object which can consequently be abused without human concern.
 竞争也时常是为了争夺稀缺资源，多是其他人的喜爱或者关注，从子女争夺母爱到两个女孩向共同的男性友人争宠。竞争中的危险与悲伤，会使竞争变质，甚至可能使朋友反目成仇。
Rivals often compete over a scarce resource, often the affections and attention of another, from the mother of siblings to a boy being fought over by two women who might otherwise be friends. The danger and sad fact of rivalry is that it can turn sour and friends may become bitter enemies.
 竞争会创造三角关系，而戏剧三角形和其他博弈局面也将接踵而来。
 Rivalry creates triangular relationships and the Drama Triangle or other Games can ensue.
 在故事中，竞争并没有敌对那般严重，因此也更加容易以多种方式被欣赏和接受——根据你所需的刺激程度决定。
 Rivalry in a story is less vicious than enmity and is thus easier in many ways to watch and accept -- depending on what level of excitement you are seeking.
 与其他故事一样，观看被表演出的熟悉场景帮助我们为自己生活中的相似场景赋予意义，并接受它们。
 As with other stories, seeing familiar patterns being played out helps us accept and give meaning to similar patterns in our own lives.
 “同族竞争”是乔治·波尔蒂的三十六种戏剧情境中的第十四种。
 'Rivalry of kinsmen' is the 14th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
15.因奸情行凶Murderous adultery
 概述
 要素
 ·两位通奸者(译者按：其实想翻译成奸夫淫妇狗男女什么的=_=|||）Two Adulterers
 ·被背叛的配偶A Betrayed Spouse
 概要
 通奸者之一试图除掉另一位通奸者的配偶或者得到另一位通奸者。
 Adultery turns to violence as an Adulterer seeks to remove the Spouse or turns on the other Adulterer.
 变体
 A
 为情妇而谋杀她的丈夫，或情妇谋杀了她的丈夫。Slaying of a husband by, or for, a paramour
 被信赖的情人谋杀。Slaying of a trusted lover
 B
 因情妇或自私谋杀自己的妻子。Slaying of a wife for a paramour, and in self-interest
 论述
 通奸在大多数文化中是不被社会允许的行为，通常被背叛的一方将获得许多同情。
 Adultery is a socially disapproved-of activity in most cultures and generally creates much sympathy for the betrayed.
 一般而言当情绪被唤起时通奸会往更坏的情况发展，包括负罪感，它可能引导通奸者做出更加恶劣的行为。当一个人已经表现出低劣与负罪感时，他们可能会相信指控并行事邪恶，或者他们可能会认为“一不做，二不休。”并以普遍的价值观考量行事。
Normal adultery can turn worse when the emotions aroused, including guilt, can lead an adulterer into even worse acts. When a person is already cast as bad and guilty, they may either believe the accusation and act in an evil way, or they may think 'In for a penny, in for a pound' and dispense with consideration of normal values.
 对错误行为的否认也可能将通奸者引向争端，并试图掩盖他们对被背叛的伴侣的恶劣行为，而伴侣则因此承受了极其惨痛的代价。
 Denial of the wrong-doing may also lead the person into argument and displacement of their bad deed onto the spouse, who pays the ultimate and terrible price.
 这类故事的观众们可能对所见难以置信，即使他们明白曾经平凡的人堕入黑暗后行事邪恶这样的事情在现实中确实存在。想要在这类故事中扮演英雄角色十分困难，但可以将此作为给予英雄的任务，让其向凶手复仇或审判。
The watcher of this story may hardly believe their eyes, yet know that this kind of thing does happen in reality as once-normal people sink into dark and evil acts. This is hardly the act of a hero, but may well give the hero something of a quest in bringing vengeance or justice to the murderer.
 
“因奸情行凶”是乔治·波尔蒂的三十六种戏剧情境中的第十五种。
 'Murderous adultery' is the 15th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 16.疯狂Madness
 概述
 要素
 ·疯狂的人A Mad person
 ·受害者A Victim
 概要
 一个人暂时变得疯狂，失去控制并伤害受害者。A person becomes temporarily Mad, losing control and harming the Victim.
 变体
 A
 亲属因疯狂而杀戮。Kinsmen slain in madness
 情人因疯狂而杀戮。A lover slain in madness
 杀害或伤害并不讨厌的人。Slaying or injuring of a person not hated
 B
 因耻辱而疯狂。Disgrace brought upon oneself through madness
 C
 因痛失所爱而疯狂。Loss of loved ones brought about by madness
 
D
 恐惧遗传下来的疯狂而疯狂。Madness brought on by fear of heredity insanity
 论述
 强烈的情感引发强力的激励，这种激励使人丧失理性的考量。愤怒占据大脑，个人失去全部自我控制，在一段时间内彻彻底底地成为了另一个人。
Strong emotion causes powerful arousal, which leads to a loss of rational thinking. Anger takes over and the person loses all conscious control, effectively becoming a different person for a while.
 在故事中，看到失去自制和人性对魅力的影响，并意识到或许有时我们自身也可能变得疯狂，这两方面同时令我们恐惧。我们也对受到折磨的人们感到遗憾与悲哀，因为认识到这样的情况也可能在我们自身上发生。
In stories, we are both horrified by this loss of control and humanity whilst also looking on in fascination and recognition of what we perhaps sometimes would like to do. We also may feel pity and sorrow for the afflicted person, realizing that perhaps it could also happen to us.
 某些人确实解放了情感并在这样的行为中感到了解脱，哪怕其他人为此付出了代价。对于这种疯狂的现代疗法可能是愤怒管理课程，人们在课程中学习抑制，转移，升华甚至偏斜他们强烈的破坏欲望。
Some people do indeed let go and find release in this activity, although others pay the price. The modern treatment of this can be Anger Management classes, where the person learns to suppress, displace, sublimate or otherwise deflect their destructive urges.
 “疯狂”是乔治·波尔蒂的三十六种戏剧情境中的第十六种。
 'Madness' is the 16th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
17.致命的冒失Fatal imprudence
 描述
 要素
 ·冒失者The Imprudent
 ·受害者The Victim
 ·或失去的目标or the Object Lost
 概要
 冒失者因自己的无谋轻率、好奇或一般地粗心大意而失去了目标，或伤害了受害者。
 The Imprudent person loses an Object or causes harm to the Victim through unthinking imprudence, curiosity and general carelessness.
 变体
 A
 由于冒失而使自身遭受不幸。Imprudence the cause of one's own misfortune
 由于冒失而使自身受辱。Imprudence the cause of one's own dishonor
 B
 由于好奇心而使自身遭受不幸。Curiosity the cause of one's own misfortune
 由于好奇而痛失所爱。Loss of possession of a loved one through curiosity
 C
 由于好奇心招致他人的不幸或死亡。Curiosity the cause of death or misfortune to others
 由于冒失导致亲朋死亡。Imprudence the cause of a relative's death
 由于冒失而致使恋人死亡。Imprudence the cause of a lover's death
 由于轻信导致亲人死亡。Credulity the cause of kinsmen's deaths
 由于轻信招致不幸。Credulity the cause of misfortune
 论述
 俗语云“好奇心杀死猫。”，这反映了当我们对某事感兴趣时，我们有时会忘记踏足危险道路时所伴随的风险与灾难。
 'Curiosity killed the cat' is a common saying and reflects the way in which, when we become interested in something, we sometimes forget the risks and hazards that we may be taking when putting our noses in harm's way.
 当我们看到其他人的冒失行为时，无论在真实生活中还是在故事里，我们都会呲之以鼻并自以为高那些人一等。当一个无害的行为看上去会轻易转变为使我们或其他人受伤甚至被杀的事物时，我们也会想起那句“愿上帝保佑”。
When we see others being imprudent, whether in real life or in stories, we tut-tut and feel a bit superior to them. We also may remember that 'there but for the Grace of God go I', in that it is easy for what may seem a harmless activity turn into something where we or others may get hurt or even killed.
 “致命的冒失”是乔治·波尔蒂的三十六种戏剧情境中的第十七种。
 'Fatal imprudence' is the 17th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
18.无意的禁断之爱Involuntary crimes of love
 描述
 要素
 ·钦慕者The Lover
 ·被钦慕者The Beloved
 ·揭示者The Revealer
 概要
 钦慕者和被钦慕者表现出某些亲密行为，却被（揭示者）发现被钦慕者是钦慕者的至亲亲属。
 The Lover performs acts of love with the Beloved, only to find (via the Revealer) that the Beloved is a close relative.
 变体
 A
 发现某人与自己的母亲结婚。Discovery that one has married one's mother
 发现某人将自己的兄弟姐妹当做情人。Discovery that one has a sibling as a lover
 B
 发现某人与自己的兄弟姐妹结婚。Discovery that one has married one's sibling
 发现某人在第三者的阴谋陷害之下，与自己的兄弟姐妹结婚。Discovery that one has married one's sibling, in which the crime has been villainously planned by a third person
 在无意中将兄弟姐妹当做情人对待。Being on the point of taking a sibling, unknowingly, as a lover
 C
 在不知不觉中侵犯了子女。Being upon the point of violating, unknowingly, a child
 D
 在无意中与某人通奸。Being upon the point of committing an adultery unknowingly
 两人在无意中通奸。Adultery committed unknowingly
 论述
 禁断之爱，是以最令社会震惊的方式，打破社会反对乱伦关系的坚定法则。当然，乱伦而生的孩子，极易受到遗传上的伤害，因此这样的关系在所有文化中都被强力禁止。
Crimes of love are amongst the most socially shocking in the way they break very strong rules against incestuous relationships. The children of incest, of course, can easily be genetically damaged, and hence such relationships are strongly banned in all cultures.
 然而，当这种行为源自意外时，令人困惑的矛盾将会随后呈现在观众们面前。他们一面厌恶着罪行，但同时又同情将饱受内心矛盾煎熬的情人。作为结果的强烈感情窘境将牵动观众们的心弦，并为故事增添强力要素。
However, when this act is accidental, then a confusing conflict is set up in the viewer, who is both disgusted by the crime and sympathetic to the lover who themselves will be feeling even more internal conflict. The result is a powerful emotional dilemma which pulls on the heart strings and provides a strong story element.
 “无意的禁断之爱”是乔治·波尔蒂的三十六种戏剧情境中的第十八种。
 'Involuntary crimes of love' is the 18th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
19.杀害未相认的亲属Slaying of a kinsman unrecognized.
描述
 要素
 ·杀人者The Slayer
 ·未相认的受害者The Unrecognized Victim
 概要
 杀人者杀害了（或几乎要杀害，亦或伤害）其实是自己亲人或朋友但并未相认的受害者。原本看似正义的行为因此骤然转向了非正义。
 The Slayer kills (or nearly kills or harms) the Unrecognized Victim, who is actually a relative or friend of the Slayer. Thus a seemingly justified act suddenly becomes unjustified.
 变体
 A
 在神谕或神示下无意中杀害了未相认的女儿。Being upon the point of slaying a daughter unknowingly by command of a divinity or an oracle
 因政治需要无意中杀害了未相认的女儿。Being upon the point of slaying a daughter unknowingly through political necessity
 在为爱竞争的过程中无意中杀害了未相认的女儿。Being upon the point of slaying a daughter unknowingly through a rivalry in love
 因情人对未相认女儿的憎恨而无意中将其杀害。Being upon the point of slaying a daughter unknowingly through hatred of the lover of the unrecognized daughter
 B
 无意中杀害了自己的儿子。Being upon the point of slaying a son unknowingly
 在权谋政客的煽动下，无意中杀害了自己的儿子。Being upon the point of slaying a son unknowingly, strengthened by Machiavellian instigations
 在权谋政客的煽动和亲属恨意混淆下，无意中杀害了自己的儿子。Being upon the point of slaying a son unknowingly, strengthened by Machiavellian instigations, intermixed with hatred of kinsmen
 C
 愤怒下杀害了兄弟。Being upon the point of slaying a brother, unknowingly, in anger
 一位姐妹出于职责所在而杀害了自己的兄弟。A sister, upon the point of slaying a brother, unknowingly, through professional duty
 D
 杀害了未相认的母亲。Slaying of a mother unrecognized
 E
 在权谋政客的建议下，无意中杀害了自己的父亲。Slaying of a father unknowingly, through Machiavellian advice
 无意中杀害了自己的父亲。Slaying of a father unknowingly
 无意中羞辱了自己的父亲。Insulting of a father unknowingly
 其他无意中杀害了自己父亲的情况。Being on the point of slaying of a father unknowingly
 F
 为了复仇或受到煽动，在不知情的情况下杀害了自己的祖父。A grandfather slain unknowingly, in vengeance and through instigation
 无意中杀害了自己的祖父。A grandfather slain involuntarily
 无意中杀害了自己的养父。A father-in-law killed involuntarily
 G
 无意中杀害了自己所爱的女性。Involuntary killing of a loved woman
 在自己不知情的情况下杀害了未相认的情人。Being on the point of killing a lover, unrecognized
 营救自己未相认的儿子失败。Failure to rescue an unrecognized son
 论述
 为已经做了错事的人判决受罚是很容易，但那些错误证据或情有可原的状况却可能时常被忽略。这是死刑所面临的窘境之一，被执行死刑的人后来可能被证明无罪，但刑罚本身却无法被纠正或逆转。
It is easy to justify the punishment of someone who appears to have done something wrong, but what is often missed is perhaps incorrect evidence or extenuating circumstances. This is one of the dilemmas of capital punishment - that the person killed may later be found to be innocent, when there is no route for redress or reversal of the punishment.
 当故事中英雄将要杀死某人时，故事可能已经为这一行为设立了正当的理由，而作为读者我们也默认了英雄的行为。然而此时我们了解到被害者是英雄的亲属，社会规则在我们心中占据上风，让我们哭喊着让英雄停手！这样的内心矛盾正是构成伟大故事的原料，也令我们兴奋不已。
When a hero in a story goes to kill a person, the story may well have built up a good justification for that act and as readers we tacitly support the hero's action. When, however, we realize that the victim is a kinsman, then social rules take over and we cry out for the hero to stop! This inner conflict is the stuff of great stories and we get carried along by the excitement.
 当被害者知道这段关系，并可能拼命试图将这点告诉杀人者时，故事的张力将更进一步。
 Further tension may be added to the story when the Victim knows about the relationship and may be desperately trying to communicate this to the Slayer.
 类似的模式在意外杀害或伤害所爱之人时也可能引发，无论是用剑还是车，无意识杀人者的极度痛苦可能唤起我们的巨大同情。
 A similar pattern occurs with accidental killing or harm of a loved one, whether by sword or car, and we may feel great sympathy for the anguish of the unintending killer.
 “杀害未相认的亲属”是乔治·波尔蒂的三十六种戏剧情境中的第十九种。
 'Slaying of a kinsman unrecognized' is the 19th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
20.为理想自我牺牲Self-sacrificing for an ideal
 描述
 要素
 ·英雄The Hero
 ·理想The Ideal
 ·被牺牲的资财、人或物The Creditor or the Person or Thing Sacrificed
 概要
 英雄为了理想放弃某项事物。The Hero gives up something for the sake of an Ideal.
 变体
 A
 为承诺牺牲生命。Sacrifice of life for the sake of one's word
 为自己人民的利益牺牲生命。Life sacrificed for the benefit of one's own people
 为尽孝牺牲生命。Life sacrificed in filial piety
 为信仰牺牲生命Life sacrificed for the sake of one's faith
 B
 为信仰牺牲爱情与生命。Both love and life sacrificed for one's faith
 为事业牺牲爱情与生命Both love and life sacrificed to a cause
 为国家的利益牺牲爱情。Love sacrificed to interests of state
 C
 为履行职责而牺牲。Sacrifice of well-being to duty
 D
 为“信仰”的理想而牺牲“荣誉”的理想。The ideal of "honor" sacrificed to the ideal of "faith"
 论述
 因为理想的缘故而不顾自身受伤，有时显得非常愚蠢，尽管如此，许多此类行为还是展现了高尚正直令人钦佩的人格。
 Putting oneself in harm's way for the sake of ideals is, for some, quite stupid, whilst for many it demonstrates admirably high personal integrity.
 这样的自我牺牲可能会被质疑，其究竟是因为理想之类的内部原因，还是为了获得称颂之类的外部原因。殉难在某些社会中被视为对家庭极其伟大的荣耀（而且向烈士保证了他们将获得天堂般的快乐）
It may be questioned whether such self-sacrifice is done for internal reasons of faith or for the external acclaim that will be gained. Martyrdom in some societies is considered a great honor for the family (as well as promising heavenly delights to the martyr).
 我们中的大多数，会在自我牺牲前再三思考，因为我们的自我防卫本能比决定自我牺牲的认知更加优先。根据所涉及的行动，这会使牺牲的故事变得动人或令人恐惧。无论是哪一种，情感刺激都将使故事更加生动深刻。
Most of us, however, would think twice before sacrificing ourselves, as the instinct for self-preservation takes priority over the cognitive choice of sacrifice. This makes stories of sacrifice either moving or terrifying, depending on the action involved. Either way, the emotional stimulation makes it an effective story element.
 牺牲并不一定需要某人付出生命。它的真正意义在于放弃某些你不愿放弃的事物。当某人放弃想要的事物用于获得更加渴望的事物时，他通常会陷入两难之境。
Sacrifice need not involve giving of one's life. All it really means is giving up something that you would rather not give up. Often it involves a dilemma, where one desired thing is given up in favor of something even more desired.
 “为理想自我牺牲”是乔治·波尔蒂的三十六种戏剧情境中的第二十种。
 'Self-sacrificing for an ideal' is the 20th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
21.为亲属自我牺牲Self-sacrifice for kindred
 描述
 要素
 ·英雄The Hero
 ·亲属The Kinsman
 ·被牺牲的资财、人或物。The Creditor or Person or Thing Sacrificed
 概要
 英雄为了帮助亲人或朋友放弃某项事物。The Hero gives up something in order to help a relative or friend.
 变体
 A
 为亲人或爱人牺牲生命。Life sacrificed for that of a relative or loved one
 为亲人或爱人的幸福牺牲生命。Life sacrificed for the happiness of a relative or loved one
 B
 为父母的幸福牺牲抱负。Ambition sacrificed for the happiness of a parent
 为父母的生命牺牲抱负。Ambition sacrificed for the life of a parent
 C
 因父母的生命的缘由牺牲爱情。Love sacrificed for the sake of a parent's life
 为了孩子的幸福牺牲爱情。Love sacrificed for the happiness of one's child
 为所爱者的幸福牺牲爱情。Love sacrificed for the happiness of a loved one
 由于不公正的法律而为了孩子的幸福牺牲爱情。Love sacrificed for the happiness of one's child, but the situation brought about by unjust laws
 D
 为了父母或所爱的生命牺牲生命与荣誉。Life and honor sacrificed for the life of a parent or loved one
 为亲人或所爱的生命忍辱负重。Modesty sacrificed for the life of a relative or a loved one
 论述
 为亲属自我牺牲与为理想自我牺牲类似，在上一种情境中的理想，在这里是某人将他的某位亲属至于其他许多事物之上。这样的规则在许多文化中存在，家庭先于许多事物，甚至先于法律。那样的人为了支持他的亲戚朋友，不惜作伪证甚至做出更加恶劣的行为。
Self-sacrifice for a kinsman is similar to self-sacrificing for an ideal, in that the ideal here is that one should put one's kin above many others things. Many cultures have this rule, that family comes before many things, even the law, and that one should perjure oneself or worse if this is what is required to support one's kith and kin.
 看到其他们在故事中遵守我们的社会规则，使我们对他们更具认同感。而为亲友做出牺牲的故事也因此常常温暖人心并得到肯定。
 Seeing others in a story obeying our own social rules makes us identify more strongly with them. Stories of sacrifice for kin thus are often heart-warming and affirming.
 “为亲属自我牺牲”是乔治·波尔蒂的三十六种戏剧情境中的第二十一种。
 'Self-sacrifice for kindred' is the 21st of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
22.为爱不惜所有All sacrificed for a passion
描述
 要素
 ·钦慕者The Lover
 ·爱甚生命的对象The Object of the fatal passion
 ·被牺牲的人或物The Person or Thing sacrificed
 概要
 钦慕者为了狂热热爱的对象，不惜某人或某物。甚至愚昧地被自身的热情所蒙蔽。
 The Lover is impassioned by the Object to the point where they give up the Person or Thing, perhaps unwisely, blinded as they are their passion.
 变体
 A
 为所爱破坏宗教的贞洁誓言。Religious vows of chastity broken for a passion
 为所爱破坏纯洁誓约。A vow of purity broken
 为所爱自毁前程。A future ruined by a passion
 为所爱放弃权力。Power ruined by passion
 为所爱放弃意识，健康或生命。Ruin of mind, health and life
 为所爱放弃财产，生活或荣誉。Ruin of fortunes, lives and honors
 B
 因诱惑而败坏责任感、同情心等等。Temptations destroying the sense of duty, of pity, etc.
 C
 因沉溺肉欲而败坏荣誉，财产或生命。Destruction of honor, fortune and life by erotic vice
 因沉溺其他欲望而败坏荣誉，财产或生命。Destruction of honor, fortune and life by any other vice
 论述
 有人说“爱情是盲目的”，而这种情境恰好描绘了人们会为了追求他们真正渴望的东西而走多远。
 It is said that love is blind, and this situation illustrates just how far people will go to pursue that which they truly desire.
 如同其他形式的牺牲，在这种情境中，剧情张力有部分源自于剧幕中的社会荣誉，有部分源自于对他人的同情。在这个情况下，同情的方向与变得疯狂的人（或那些最终遭受他人疯狂之苦的人）相同。在这样的剧中，我们可能发现潜在的自我，也可能增添我们心中对神秘恐惧的紧张。
As with other forms of sacrifice, the tension in this is derived partly from the social horror at the act and partly in the sympathy for the person, in this case the sympathy being directed in the same way as when a person has gone mad (or maybe those who suffer as a result). We may also see potential in ourselves for such an act, perhaps increasing the tension of a secret fear.
 “为爱不惜所有”是乔治·波尔蒂的三十六种戏剧情境中的第二十二种。
 'All sacrificed for a passion' is the 22nd of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
23.被迫牺牲所爱Necessity of sacrificing loved ones
 描述
 要素
 ·英雄The Hero
 ·被爱的受害者The Beloved Victim
 ·牺牲的必要性The Necessity for the sacrifice
 概要
 英雄在势在必行的情况下，被迫牺牲所爱。
 The Hero is forced to sacrifice the Beloved Victim, based on the Necessity.
 变体
 A
 在势在必行的情况下，为公众利益牺牲了女儿。Necessity for sacrificing a daughter in the public interest
 为了完成神誓，被逼牺牲了女儿。Duty of sacrificing a daughter in fulfilment of a vow to a god
 为了信仰，被逼牺牲了恩人或爱人。Duty of sacrificing benefactors or loved ones to one's faith
 B
 因势所迫，在不为人知的情况下，被逼牺牲了子嗣。Duty of sacrificing one's child, unknown to others, under the pressure of necessity
 因势所迫，在不为人知的情况下，被逼牺牲了父亲。Duty of sacrificing, unknown to others, one's father, under the pressure of necessity
 因势所迫，在不为人知的情况下，被逼牺牲了丈夫。Duty of sacrificing, unknown to others, one's husband, under the pressure of necessity
 为了公众利益被迫牺牲了养子。Duty of sacrificing a son-in-law for the public good
 为了名誉的缘故，被迫牺牲养子。Duty of sacrificing a son-in-law for the sake of reputation
 为了公众利益而被迫与义兄弟相争。Duty of contending with a brother-in-law for the public good
 被迫与友人反目。Duty of contending with a friend
 论述
 传统的英雄总是被责任感驱使，有些更高原则甚至时常凌驾于亲友关系之上。尽管被这样的情节震惊，我们依然为英雄在家族束缚之下坚持理想而感到万分钦佩。英雄做出这样的决定并不轻松，我们也为他痛下决心而深感苦闷。
The traditional hero is typically driven by a sense of duty, and often to some higher principle even than their kin relationships. Whilst being horrified at the act, we nevertheless may feel a certain admiration for the hero for sticking to ideals even beyond family ties. The hero does not do this lightly and we feel the anguish of having to make such a decision.
 当然，我们也为被牺牲者深感同情，并祝愿他理解其中更加高尚的原因，而非简单的感到被背叛。
 Of course we also feel deep sympathy for the person sacrificed and hope that they understand the higher cause rather than simply feeling betrayed.
 “被迫牺牲所爱”是乔治·波尔蒂的三十六种戏剧情境中的第二十三种。
 'Necessity of sacrificing loved ones' is the 23rd of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
24.上下位者间竞争Rivalry of superior and inferior
 描述
 要素
 ·上级竞争者The Superior Rival
 ·下级竞争者The Inferior Rival
 ·被争夺对象The Object of Rivalry
 概要
 上级为了争夺对象而与下级相互竞争。
 The Superior Rival is set against an Inferior Rival, both vying for the Object of Rivalry.
 变体
 A
 人类与非人间的竞争。Rivalry of a mortal and an immortal
 不同级别神祗间的竞争。Rivalry of two divinities of unequal power
 魔法师与普通人间的竞争。Rivalry of a magician and an ordinary man
 征服者与被征服者间的竞争。Rivalry of conqueror and conquered
 胜利者与失败者间的竞争。Rivalry of victor and vanquished
 主人与被放逐者间的竞争。Rivalry of a master and a banished man
 领主与属臣间的竞争。Rivalry of suzerain king and vassal king
 国王与贵族间的竞争。Rivalry of a king and a noble
 强权者与暴发户间的竞争。Rivalry of a powerful person and an upstart
 富人与贫民间的竞争。Rivalry of rich and poor
 有名誉者与嫌疑犯间的竞争。Rivalry of an honored man and a suspected one
 几乎平等的两人间的竞争。Rivalry of two who are almost equal
 几乎平等的两人间的竞争，其中一人过去曾犯罪或通奸。Rivalry of equals, one of whom has in the past been guilty of adultery
 受人喜爱的人与无权爱人的人间的竞争。Rivalry of a man who is loved and one who has not the right to love
 某位离异女性的连续两任前夫间的竞争。Rivalry of the two successive husbands of a divorcee
 B
 女巫与平凡女性间的竞争。Rivalry of a sorceress and an ordinary woman
 胜利者与囚徒间的竞争。Rivalry of a victor and a prisoner
 女王与臣民间的竞争。Rivalry of a queen and a subject
 女王与奴隶间的竞争。Rivalry of a queen and a slave
 贵妇与仆从间的竞争。Rivalry of a lady and a servant
 贵妇与地位卑贱的女性间的竞争。Rivalry of a lady and a woman of humbler position
 几乎平等的两人间的竞争，因某人的放纵而复杂化。Rivalry of two who are almost equals, complicated by the abandonment of one
 （上位贵妇的）回忆、理想与她的陪臣间的竞争。（译者按：这条有点莫名奇妙。）Rivalry between a memory and an ideal (that of a superior woman) and a vassal of her own
 人类与非人间的竞争。（译者按：我也不知道为什么之前已有的条目会重复一遍-_-|||）Rivalry of mortal and immortal
 C
 双重竞争（ABCD间两两竞争）Double rivalry (A vs B vs C vs D)
 D
 两位非人间的竞争。Rivalry of two immortals
 两位凡人间的竞争。Rivalry of two mortals
 两位合法妻子间的竞争。（译者按：翅膀！）Rivalry of two lawful wives
 论述
 竞争是一个类型丰富的主题，可以在不同的背景中构建出许多不同的竞争衍生场景。同样，在我们自身的生活中，竞争随处可见，其范围可以从在工作上与我们竞争推销自身的人一直延伸到为了争夺第三方的爱情而竞争的人。
Rivalry is a rich general theme and many different sub-situations of rivals in different contexts can be found, as indicated above. In our own lives, also, we often find rivals, ranging from those who would seek promotion against us at work to rivals for the affection of third another.
 竞争可以同时包含邪恶与嫉妒的元素，使竞争者间超越简单的竞赛尊重，演变为对敌人的憎恶。
 Rivalry can include elements of both envy and jealousy, which can both spill over from simple competitive respect to dislike and hatred of enemies.
 当一方是另一方的上位者时，他们可能会使用更高雅的手段角力并约定胜负的标准。然而下位的竞争者也可能雇使其他的手段。假如下位竞争者品格恶劣，他们可能会使用邪恶的诡计，比如诋毁上位者的名誉，或者对其下毒。如果是品行优良的下位者，那么他们可能会试图从他人处赢得支持，并识破上位者的邪恶手段。
When one person is superior in some way to another, then they may seem to have the upper hand and are bound to win. However the inferior rival can employ other means. If the inferior rival is bad, they may use evil subterfuge, for example discrediting or poisoning the superior rival. Where the inferior rival is good, then they may win support from others or perhaps see through the evil ways of the superior rival.
 当被争夺的对象是另一个人时，这个人被赋予了重要的力量，他们可以依照自己的喜好尊重或虐待竞争者。他们因此参与故事之中并可能成为一名主要角色。一个经典模式是他们将自己的力量用于帮助下位者，并以此平衡上位者的权力。这样也更容易为三角关系埋下伏笔。
Where the object of rivalry is another person, this person is given significant power, which they can respect or abuse according to their will. They thus join in the story and may be a major character. A typical pattern is where they add their power to the inferior person, thus counterbalancing the power of the superior person. It is also easy for triangular games to ensue.
 
“上下位者间竞争”是乔治·波尔蒂的36种戏剧情境中的第二十四种。
 'Rivalry of superior and inferior' is the 24th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
25.通奸Adultery
描述
 要素
 ·被蒙蔽的配偶A Deceived Spouse
 ·奸夫淫妇Two Adulterers
 概要
 被蒙蔽的配偶被奸夫淫妇戴了绿帽子，他们其中的一位是被蒙蔽者的配偶。The Deceived Spouse is cuckolded by Two Adulterers, one the partner of the Deceived Spouse.
 变体
 A
 为了年轻女性而背叛妻子。A mistress betrayed for a young woman
 为了年轻人妻而背叛妻子。A mistress betrayed for a young wife
 为了少女而背叛妻子。A mistress betrayed for a girl
 B
 为了并未回应自己爱慕的奴隶而背叛妻子。A wife betrayed for a slave, who does not love in return
 为了放荡堕落而背叛妻子。A wife betrayed for debauchery
 为了另一位已婚女性背叛妻子。A wife betrayed for a married woman
 因试图重婚而背叛妻子。A wife betrayed with the intention of bigamy
 为了并未回应自己爱慕的年轻少女而背叛妻子。A wife betrayed for a young girl, who does not love in return
 妻子嫉妒与丈夫相爱的年轻少女。A wife envied by a young girl who is in love with her husband
 因为名妓而背叛妻子。A wife betrayed by a courtesan
 令人嫌恶的妻子与兴趣相投的妻子间的竞争。Rivalry between a wife who is antipathetic and a mistress who is congenial
 宽宏大量的妻子与热情奔放的少女间的竞争。Rivalry between a generous wife and an impassioned girl
 C
 为了情投意合的情人而牺牲水火不容的丈夫。An antagonistic husband sacrificed for a congenial lover
 被认为会被对手遗忘并失败的丈夫。A husband, believed to be lost, forgotten for a rival
 为了心有灵犀的情人而牺牲平庸的丈夫。A commonplace husband, sacrificed for a sympathetic lover
 为了卑下的情人而背叛优秀的丈夫。A good husband betrayed for an inferior rival
 为了丑陋的情人而背叛优秀的丈夫。A good husband betrayed for a grotesque rival
 为了可憎的情人而背叛优秀的丈夫。A good husband betrayed for an odious rival
 任性固执的妻子为了平庸的情人背叛了优秀的丈夫。A good husband betrayed for a commonplace rival, by a perverse wife
 为了不够英俊但有能力的情人背叛了优秀的丈夫。A good husband betrayed for a rival less handsome, but useful
 D
 被背叛的丈夫的复仇。Vengeance of a deceived husband
 为了事业牺牲嫉妒心。Jealousy sacrificed for the sake of a cause
 E
 丈夫被妻子所拒绝的情人迫害。A husband persecuted by a rejected rival
 论述
 通奸，常被认为是一种可耻的社会罪行。让受蒙蔽的配偶相信他（她）的另一半背叛了自己通常最为艰难。他们不仅必须承受被背叛的痛苦，而且还要面对其他人在身后的指点和嘲笑，或报以怜悯同情。
Adultery, whilst often considered a shameful social crime, is hardest of all for the cuckolded person whose trust in the adulterer is betrayed. They must not only suffer the agonies of betrayal, but must also face others who may point and laugh behind their backs or offer pitying sympathies.
 因此他们为了寻求正义的制裁，对背叛者的回应也可能极其严厉，而他们的怒火将引致对冒犯了他们的奸夫淫妇的复仇（根据被背叛者如何归因，复仇对象可能是其中之一，或者全部。）
The response of a person thus betrayed can be harsh, as they seek retributive justice, and their anger can lead to vengeance against the offending adulterers (one, other or both, depending on how the betrayed person attributes blame).
 "通奸"是乔治·波尔蒂的三十六种戏剧情境中的第二十五种。'Adultery' is the 25th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
26.禁断之爱Crimes of love
 描述
 要素
 ·仰慕者The Lover
 ·被仰慕者The Beloved
 概要
 仰慕者爱上了被仰慕者，但这样的爱情在某些方面是不合法的，违反社会准则的。The Lover loves the Beloved, but this love is illicit in some way, breaking social codes.
 变体
 A
 母亲爱上了儿子。A mother in love with her son
 女儿爱上了父亲。A daughter in love with her father
 父亲侵犯了女儿。Violation of a daughter by a father
 B
 一位女性倾心于她的继子。A woman enamored of her stepson
 一位女性与她的继子相互倾心。A woman and her stepson enamored of each other
 在双方都允许的情况下，一个女性同时成为了父子二人的情妇。A woman being the mistress, at the same time, of a father and son, both of whom accept the situation
 C
 一位男性成为了自己妻子的姐妹的情人。A man becomes the lover of his sister-in-law
 一位男性倾心于自己妻子的姐妹。A man becomes enamored of his sister-in-law
 兄妹相爱。A brother and sister in love with each other
 D
 一位男性倾心于另一位已经屈服的男性。（译者按：没错就是搅基！）A man enamored of another man, who yields
 E
 一位女性倾心于一只公牛。（译者按：没错就是人兽！）A woman enamored of a bull
 论述
 在许多社会中，有若干性关系属于社会禁忌，包括恋童癖、乱伦、同性恋以及人兽交配。
 There are a number of sexual relationships which are social taboos in many societies, including paedophilia, incest, homosexuality and bestiality.
 人们进行这些行为的动机，其范围可以从纯爱直到肉欲。一旦行为暴露，他们仍然可能受到强力的制裁，因此他们通常要加以掩饰。这可能需要对这种关系感到反感的亲属的合作，但即便亲属对此事忠诚，他们也仍然希望涉及此事的人员能够自觉恢复理性。
Whilst the motives for such acts may range from pure love to depravity, they are nevertheless likely to receive rough justice if discovered, and are hence often covered up. This may require the collaboration of kin who may be disgusted at the relationship, but yet play along out of loyalty and hope that the person involved will somehow come to their senses.
 诸如此类的禁忌之爱倾向于大量出现在成人故事中，以反映真实的社会准则。读者将会感到惊悚并被吸引，这可能是来自于欣赏“生活的另一面”，也可能是在欣赏他们自身被压抑的欲望被表现出来时获得的间接快感。他们也可能对其他受牵连者产生同情。
Crimes of love such as these tend to appear largely in adult stories, reflecting real social codes. Readers may be horrified and fascinated, perhaps at seeing the 'other side of life' and maybe in vicarious pleasure at seeing their own repressions being acted out. They may also have sympathy for others involved.
 “禁忌之爱”是乔治·波尔蒂的三十六种戏剧情境中的第二十六种。
 'Crimes of love' is the 26th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
27.发现爱人的耻辱Discovery of the dishonor of a loved one
 描述
 要素
 ·污名者The Dishonorer
 ·负罪者The Guilty One
 概要
 负罪者由于其不名誉的行为而使他的亲友蒙羞。而污名者发现了这些罪行。The Guilty One brings shame on their kin by a dishonorable act. They are discovered by the Dishonorer.
 变体
 A
 发现父母一方的糗事。Discovery of a parent's shame
 发现子女的耻辱。Discovery of a child's dishonor
 发现兄弟姐妹的糗事或耻辱。Discovery of a sibling's shame or dishonor
 B
 发现家族某成员的未婚妻的不名誉行为。Discovery of dishonor in the family of one's fiancee
 发现某人的妻子在婚前被侵犯过。Discovery that one's wife has been violated before marriage
 发现某人的妻子在婚后被侵犯过。Discovery that one's wife has been violated since the marriage
 发现某人的配偶曾犯下过错。Discovery that one's spouse has previously committed a fault
 发现某人的配后曾经做过娼妓。Discovery that one's spouse has formerly been a prostitute
 发现情人某部分的不名誉行为。Discovery of dishonor on the part of a lover
 发现某人的情妇做过娼妓但已从良。Discovery that one's mistress, formerly a prostitute, has returned to her former life
 发现某人的情人是坏人。Discovery that one's lover is of bad character
 发现某人的配偶是坏人。Discovery that one's spouse is of bad character
 发现某人的情人有特别的弱点。Discovery that one's lover is specifically weakened
 C
 发现某人的儿子是一名刺客。Discovery that one's son is an assassin
 D
 惩罚背叛亲属的职责。Duty of punishing a traitorous relative
 惩罚在父亲制定的法律下被定罪的儿子的职责。Duty of punishing a son condemned under a law which the father has made
 惩罚被认为有罪的儿子的职责。Duty of punishing a son believed to be guilty
 牺牲一位尚不知情的父亲，以满足暴君愿望的职责。(tyrranicide查无此词，个人觉得可能套用的词语是tyrannized，求指点)Duty of sacrificing, to fulfil a vow of tyrranicide, a father until then unknown
 惩罚走上邪道的亲属的职责。Duty of punishing a wrongdoing relative
 惩罚某人的母亲为某人的父亲报仇的职责。Duty of punishing one's mother to avenge one's father
 论述
 荣誉和职责总是形影不离，背负这他们的人们在许多社会中获得高度尊重，并将光荣映射到所有认识他们的人身上，尤其是他们的家人。
 Honor and duty are close bedfellows and people who uphold them are held in high esteem within many societies and bring reflected glory on all who know them, especially their families.
 反过来说，那些破坏社会准则的人为他的亲属带来了耻辱。这会使他们的亲属和朋友陷入明显的困境：有罪的一方是否应当被曝光？还是应当保护他们？他们应该受到家族的惩罚吗？在关于不名誉的故事中我们时常对这个家庭表示同情，无论有罪的一方是否具有吸引力（比如一个年轻鲁莽的人），我们都可能想要帮助他，并联想到我们自身恶劣的一面。
In the reverse, those who break social rules bring dishonor to their kin. This can create a significant dilemma for their relatives or friends: should the guilty party be exposed? Should they be protected? Should they be punished by the family? In stories of dishonor we often empathize with the family, although if the guilty party is attractive (for example a young tearaway) we may associate with them also and perhaps think about our more wicked side.
 “发现爱人的耻辱”是乔治·波尔蒂的三十六种戏剧情境中的第二十七种。
 'Discovery of the dishonor of a loved one' is the 27th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
28.情路之障Obstacles to love
 描述
 要素
 ·一对爱人Two Lovers
 ·一道阻碍An Obstacle
 概要
 一对爱人想要长相厮守，但他们被某些艰难险阻所困而无法团聚。
 Two Lovers want to be together, but they are prevented from doing so by some difficult Obstacle.
 变体
 A
 婚姻被阶级不平等所阻。Marriage prevented by inequality of rank
 财富的不平等成为了婚姻的障碍。Inequality of fortune an impediment to marriage
 B
 婚姻被敌人或团体所阻碍。Marriage prevented by enemies and contingent obstacles
 C
 婚姻由于年轻女性之前身负与他人的婚约而被禁止。Marriage forbidden on account of the young woman's previous betrothal to another
 年轻女性由于之前身负与他人的婚约而被禁止结婚，心情因对钦慕对象的婚姻妄想而更加复杂。Marriage forbidden on account of the young woman's previous betrothal to another, complicated by an imaginary marriage of the beloved object
 D
 自由结合被亲属的反对所阻挠。Free union impeded by the opposition of relatives
 家庭感情被公公婆婆或岳父母所动摇。Family affection disturbed by the parents-in-law
 E
 自由结合被情侣间不相容的脾气所阻挠。Free union impeded by the incompatibility of temper of the lovers
 论述
 在某些社会中，婚姻不仅仅是两个人生活在一起——而是双方整个家族间的结合。因此，当富裕的人与贫穷的人结婚，那么贫穷的家庭将会为获得的名声而感到高兴，而富裕的家庭则在鄙视低语着“掘金者”。
In some societies, marriage is not just two people moving in with one another -- it is a joining of entire families. Thus when a richer person marries a poorer person, then the poorer family may be delighted by the kudos gained, whilst the richer family look on in distain and whisper about 'gold-diggers'.
 跨阵营联姻时常会创造紧张气氛，无论是跨国、跨种族、跨宗教、跨阶级，亦或是双方分别协助分界两边不同阵营的情侣组合。
 Union across boundaries often creates tension, whether it is inter-national, inter-racial, inter-religion, inter-class or other combination where people on either side of the divide who are associated with one of the lovers
 这类故事的读者通常会对情侣们深感同情，即使他们也可能明智地认同亲属们被忽略的恳求。他们或许也乐意与他们通常的社会范围以外的人结婚。
Readers of such stories may well sympathize with the lovers, although they may also nod wisely at the ignored pleading of the kin. Perhaps also they will wonder what it would be like to be marry outside of their normal social boundaries.
 在实际中，跨阵营联姻时常由于外部影响，使恋人间产生根深蒂固的成见而失败。但深爱并不会因此终结，而恋人之间的关系也将在容忍不同观点后得到长足的进步。
In practice, cross-boundary unions often fail as much due to the ingrained values of the lovers as external influences. The deep love does not last and the relationship will be gradually affected by underlying differences of opinion.
 “情路之障”是乔治·波尔蒂的三十六种戏剧情境中的第二十八种。
 'Obstacles to love' is the 28th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
29.爱上敌人An enemy loved
 描述
 要素
 ·被爱上的敌人The Beloved Enemy
 ·钦慕者The Lover
 ·厌恶者The Hater
 概要
 钦慕者爱上了敌人，而厌恶者厌恶于钦慕者的背叛。The Lover loves the Beloved Enemy. The Hater hates the Lover for this betrayal.
 变体
 A
 被爱者被钦慕者的亲属所厌恶。The loved one hated by kinsmen of the lover
 钦慕者被被爱者的兄弟追捕。The lover pursued by the brothers of his beloved
 钦慕者被被爱者的亲属所厌恶。The lover hated by the family of his beloved
 钦慕者是被爱者的亲属所厌恶之人的儿子。The lover is a son of a man hated by the kinsmen of his beloved
 钦慕者与仰慕他的女性集团的为敌。The lover is an enemy of the party of the woman who loves him
 B
 钦慕者是杀害被爱者父亲的凶手。The lover is the slayer of the father of his beloved
 被爱者是杀害钦慕者父亲的凶手。The beloved is the slayer of the father of her lover
 被爱者是杀害钦慕者兄弟的凶手。The beloved is the slayer of the brother of her lover
 被爱者是杀害钦慕者丈夫的凶手，但钦慕者曾发誓为丈夫报仇。The beloved is the slayer of the husband of the woman who loves him, but who has previously sworn to avenge that husband
 被爱者是杀害钦慕者前任情人的凶手，但钦慕者曾发誓为死去的情人报仇。The beloved is the slayer of a previous lover of the woman who loves him, but who has previously sworn to avenge the dead lover
 被爱者是杀害钦慕者亲属的凶手。The beloved is a slayer of a kinsman of the woman who loves him
 被爱者是杀害钦慕者父亲的凶手的女儿。The beloved is the daughter of the slayer of her lover's father
 论述
 我们总是无法选择自己的所爱，甚至那些对我们与之斗争或曾经对我们犯下大错的人，却可能对我们产生难以置信的吸引力。
 We cannot always choose who we love and even those against whom we fight or those who have done us a terrible wrong can become unbelievably attractive for us.
 这种情形的原因是我们时常被强势的人所吸引，或许因为他们让我们想起自己的父亲，或许因为我们也想变得同样强势，我们痴迷于与他们交往，即使他们曾经深深地伤害了我们。这同样联系到童年，我们试图从严厉的父亲上获得爱，或得到与他恶劣暴力相对的怜悯。
One cause of this is that we often find powerful people attractive, perhaps because they remind us of our fathers or perhaps because we would like to be powerful too, and so seek to associate with them, even when they have done us a deep wrong. This also harks to childhood, where we may have sought to gain the love of a stern father or perhaps offered love as a succour against his terrible power.
 这种与童年感情相连的深刻联想，使这种情境扣动我们未知的心弦，让这样的故事要素将我们带领到意想不到的道路上。
 This deep association with childhood emotions makes such situations touch unknown chords in us that lets such story elements move us in unexpected ways.
 厌恶者在这种情境中处在艰难的两难境地之中。即便钦慕者并未表现出他们站在同一战线的行为，他们都应与钦慕者站在相同的立场。钦慕者到底是敌人还是朋友？钦慕者可能对敌人的同情与诅咒并存将使情境变得更加扑朔迷离。
The Hater in this situation has a difficult dilemma. They are supposed to be on the same side as the Lover, yet the Lover is not acting as if they are on the same side. Is the Lover an enemy or a friend? It can be rather unclear as the Lover sympathizes with the Enemy and possibly the Enemy's cause.
 “爱上敌人”是乔治·波尔蒂的三十六种戏剧情境中的第二十九种。
 'An enemy loved' is the 29th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
30.野心Ambition
 描述
 要素
 ·怀有野心之人An Ambitious Person
 ·觊觎之物A Thing Coveted
 ·对手An Adversary
 概要
 怀有野心的人觊觎某项事物，然而他的野心被另一位对手所警惕。
 The Ambitious person Covets a Thing, however that ambition is guarded against by an Adversary.
 变体
 A
 野心被亲属或背叛的友人所监视防备。Ambition watched and guarded against by a kinsman or patriot friend
 野心被兄弟所监视防备。Ambition watched and guarded against by a brother
 野心被亲戚或无关系者所监视防备。Ambition watched and guarded against by a relative or person under no obligation
 野心被自己的党羽所监视防备。Ambition watched and guarded against by partisans
 B
 难以控制的野心。Rebellious ambition
 C
 积累的野心与妄慕使人一错再错。Ambition and covetousness heaping crime upon crime
 忤逆弑上的野心。Parricidal ambition
 论述
 野心可以成为助人成功的正面力量。它也可能是一条使野心家只能看见自己贪慕之物的盲目隧道。当野心变得病态时，其他人将会站到与其对立的一面，以保护怀有野心的人不受伤害，同时也防止怀有野心的人获得他所觊觎的事物。
Ambition can be a force for good, helping a person succeed in life. It can also be a blind tunnel through which the ambitious person sees only that which they covet. When ambition is unhealthy, others may stand in the way, guarding the ambitious person from harm as much as guarding the coveted thing from the ambitious person.
 因此在这样的故事中，英雄可能是这个怀有野心的人，也可能是那件事物的守卫。
 Thus in a story, the hero may be the ambitious person or perhaps the guard.
 根据定义，假如令人垂涎的事物容易获得，那么野心也会变得毫无价值。因此野心必须包含想要得到却难以入手的剧情张力。这样才能为人物的行为提供动因。
By definition, if the thing coveted was easy to get, then ambition would have no point. Ambition thus contains the tension of wanting but not getting. It provides a motivator for action.
 对无法得到事物的渴求令人联想到早期的欲望，从而触发读者深刻而难以言喻的感受。这种欲望的来源可能多种多样。光是无法实现某事的简单现实，便能够模拟出相同的欲望，因为我们的控制感受到了威胁。
Wanting something that you cannot get harks to early desire, thereby triggering deep and inexplicable feelings in the reader. The source of that desire may be variable. Simply the fact of not being able to achieve something can stimulate desire for it as our sense of control is threatened.
 “野心”是乔治·波尔蒂的三十六种戏剧情境中的第三十种。
 'Ambition' is the 30th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
31.与神抗争Conflict with a god
 描述Description
 要素Elements
 ·神明An Immortal
 ·凡人A Mortal
 概要
 因缘际会之下，凡人向神明发起挑战。
 The Mortal challenges the Immortal. There are consequences.
 变体
 A
 反抗神明。Struggle against a deity
 与神明的信徒斗争Strife with believers in a god
 B
 与神明争论。Controversy with a deity
 轻视神明而招致惩罚。Punishment for contempt of a god
 傲视神明而招致惩罚。Punishment for pride before a god
 自以为是与神竞争。Presumptuous rivalry with a god
 无耻地与神竞争。Impudent rivalry with a deity
 论述
 与神明斗争看上去并不是一个好主意，而且原则上无可避免的失败将营造出英雄末路的预想，并展现出冲突中凡人英雄般的勇气（或凡人的愚蠢）。
Fighting against a god does not seem like a very good idea, yet this very principle of the inevitability of failure gives the notion a heroic edge, showing the mortal who comes into conflict as being heroically brave (or perhaps mortally stupid).
 尽管如此，假如你代入神明的视点进入剧情，整个事件的面貌将会截然不同。假设在万神殿之中，每一位神明对来自凡人挑战的反应都会大相径庭。有些将会愤怒并以痛苦折磨凡人。而有些仅是莞尔一笑，亦或是被凡人所展现的勇气深深打动。
Nevertheless, if you take the god's view into account, the whole thing can take a different shape. Assuming a pantheon of gods, each may have very different reactions to challenge from a mortal. Some may be angry and smite the mortal sorely. Others may be merely amused or deeply impressed at the bravery shown.
 而故事中凡人的结局将会意味深刻，从死亡到获得炙手可热的宝藏皆有可能。
 The consequences for the Mortal may vary significantly, from death to gaining of a sought-after treasure.
 因此，故事中将与占压倒性优势者冲突的场景用以描述勇气或蛮勇（有时两者兼具）。如同大卫王对阵巨人歌利亚（PS：圣经典故），非凡的力量也有被超越的可能。英雄也许会失败，但生还并传诵着传说，也可能从中汲取经验而更加睿智。
Stories thus use conflict against overwhelming odds as a stage for demonstrating courage or foolhardiness (and sometimes both). As with David and Goliath, the superior power may be overcome. The hero may also be defeated but live to tell the tale, perhaps wiser from the experience.
 “与神抗争”是乔治·波尔蒂的三十六种戏剧情境中的第三十一种。
 'Conflict with a god' is the 31st of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
32.错误的猜忌Mistaken jealousy
 描述
 要素
 ·嫉妒者The Jealous
 ·嫉妒者所嫉妒的事物的所有者The Object of whose possessions he is jealous
 ·疑似对象The Supposed Accomplice
 ·误会的起因或始作俑者The Cause or the Author of the mistake
 概要
 由于某些原因或某人的作为，嫉妒者开始嫉妒某些对象。也可能只是疑似对象。
 The Jealous person, through some Cause or Author, appears to becomes jealous of some Object. There may also be a Supposed Accomplice.
 变体
 A
 误会起源于嫉妒者的多疑。The mistake originates in the suspicious mind of the jealous one
 由某个致命错误引发的错误嫉妒。Mistaken jealousy aroused by a fatal chance
 错误的嫉妒一段子虚乌有的爱情。Mistaken jealousy of a love which is purely platonic
 由恶毒留言引起毫无根据的嫉妒。Baseless jealousy aroused by malicious rumors
 B
 被仇恨所驱使的背叛者怂恿而产生嫉妒。Jealousy suggested by a traitor who is moved by hatred
 被私利所驱使的背叛者怂恿而产生嫉妒。Jealousy suggested by a traitor who is moved by self-interest
 被私利与嫉妒所驱使的背叛者怂恿而产生嫉妒。Jealousy suggested by a traitor who is moved by jealousy and self-interest
 C
 被竞争者刺激使夫妻间相互嫉妒。Reciprocal jealousy suggested to husband and wife by a rival
 丈夫被拒绝过的求婚者刺激而产生嫉妒。Jealousy suggested to the husband by a dismissed suitor
 丈夫被爱上他的女人怂恿而产生嫉妒。Jealousy suggested to the husband by a woman who is in love with him
 妻子被轻蔑的竞争者刺激而产生嫉妒。Jealousy suggested to the wife by a scorned rival
 幸福的情人被欺骗她的丈夫刺激而产生嫉妒。Jealousy suggested to a happy lover by the deceived husband
 论述
 误判是我们日常生活中随处可见的故事起因。当我们遗漏了某些重要要素进行假设时，我们会轻率地作出将事情引向悲剧的错误决定
 Mistakes of judgement are one of the patterns that occur in stories that echo our daily lives. When we make assumptions and miss important facts, we can easily make decisions that turn out to be tragically wrong.
 我们容易犯嫉，当他人别有目的想要操纵我们时，这将成为其他人算计我们的扳机。
 We can easily become jealous, which makes this a trigger that others can set off in us when they seek to manipulate us for other ends.
 欣赏这些错误在故事中发生，使我们为不公正的作为感到反感，也可能使我们为自己曾经犯过的错误感到愧疚。这也提醒我们在作出决定前应当深思熟虑。
Seeing these mistakes played out in stories both horrifies us as we see injustice done and perhaps makes us feel guilt for the wrongs we have done. It also reminds us to take care before jumping to decisions.
 要注意，当“嫉妒”被用于表现“羡慕”时，防御性的嫉妒和渴求的羡慕时常被混淆。虽然这种混淆已经进入了日常用语，但依然需要被仔细区分。
Note that defensive jealousy and desiring envy are often confused, with the 'jealousy' being used to mean the 'envy'. This has fallen into common parlance but needs careful differentiation.
 错误的猜忌是乔治·波尔蒂的三十六种戏剧情境中的第三十二种。
 'Mistaken jealousy' is the 32nd of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
33.错误的判断Erroneous judgment
 描述
 要素
 ·误判者The Mistaken One
 ·误判的受害者The Victim of the mistake
 ·错误的起因或始作俑者The Cause or Author of the mistake
 ·真正有罪的人The Guilty Person
 
概要
 
在某些人或因素的诱导之下，误判者对受害者作出了某项判断或将嫌疑归于受害者，而非真正有罪的人。
 The Mistaken One makes some judgment about or is suspicious about the Victim, instead of the Guilty Person. This is due to some Cause or is caused by the Author of the mistake.
 
变体
 
A
 怀疑坚信不移的某处。Suspicion where faith is necessary
 错误的怀疑。False suspicion
 由爱人的误解而引发的错误的怀疑。False suspicions aroused by the a misunderstood attitude of a loved one
 由不重视而引发的错误的怀疑。False suspicions aroused by indifference
 B
 为了拯救友人而作出错误的怀疑。False suspicions drawn upon oneself to save a friend
 为了陷害无辜者而作出错误的怀疑。False suspicions fall upon the innocent
 错误的怀疑有罪者的无辜配偶。False suspicions fall upon the innocent spouse of the guilty one
 错误的怀疑有犯罪意向的无辜者。False suspicions fall upon an innocent but guilty-intentioned
 错误的怀疑相信自己犯了罪的无辜者。False suspicions fall upon an innocent who believes themselves guilty
 某次犯罪的见证人，为了爱人将指控推向无辜者。A witness to a crime, in the interests of loved one, lets accusation fall upon the innocent
 C
 指控被授意指向敌方。The accusation is allowed to fall upon an enemy
 由敌人挑拨而起的错误。The error is provoked by the enemy
 错误是由被害人的兄弟针对被害人所设计的。The mistake is directed against the victim by her brother
 D
 错误嫌疑人的嫌疑，是由他的敌人指使真凶栽赃于他。False suspicion thrown by the real culprit upon one of his enemies
 错误嫌疑人的嫌疑，是第二受害者处心积虑谋划于他。False suspicion thrown by the real culprit upon the second victim against which he has plotted from the beginning
 错误嫌疑人的嫌疑，是由他的对手栽赃于他。False suspicion thrown upon a rival
 错误嫌疑人是无辜的，因为他拒绝成为帮凶。False suspicion thrown upon an innocent because he has refused to be an accomplice
 错误嫌疑人被他抛弃的情妇陷害，因为他不愿欺骗她的丈夫而离开她。False suspicion thrown by a deserted mistress upon a lover who left her because he would not deceive her husband
 为了自我救赎，或为了不公判决复仇，而故意引发嫌疑。Struggle to rehabilitate oneself and to avenge a judicial error purposely caused
 论述
 我们需要解释所发生的事情，以此归咎原因，或试图找出有罪的人。当我们急于求成时，非常容易猜疑或指责错误的人。
 We have a need to explain that which is happened and so will attribute cause or otherwise try to find the guilty person. In our hurry to do so, it is very easy to mistakenly suspect or accuse the wrong person.
 在故事中，错误的猜忌或指责是一项常见的主题，许多侦探小说中就含有怀疑错误对象的主题。对想帮助错误嫌疑人的观众来说，紧张时间将持续到对方的嫌疑被完全洗清为止。
In stories false suspicion or accusation is a common theme and many detective stories include the theme of suspecting the wrong person. For the viewer who associates with the falsely accused person, it can be a nail-biting time until the relief of being cleared of all guilt.
 “错误的判断”是乔治·波尔蒂的三十六种戏剧情境中的第三十三种。
 'Erroneous judgment' is the 33rd of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
34.自责Remorse
 描述
 要素
 ·罪犯The Culprit
 ·受害者或罪行The Victim or Sin
 ·质询者The Interrogator
 概要
 罪犯曾经对受害者犯下过错，或身负其他罪行。而质询者得到了罪犯的认罪。
 The Culprit has done wrong to a Victim or committed another Sin. The Interrogator gets an admission of guilt.
 变体
 A
 为不为人知的罪行而自责。Remorse for an unknown crime
 为弑杀亲人而自责。Remorse for a parricide
 为暗杀而自责。Remorse for an assassination
 为谋杀丈夫或妻子而自责。Remorse for the murder of husband or wife
 B
 为爱情上的错误而自责。Remorse for a fault of love
 为奸情而自责。Remorse for an adultery
 论述
 当我们相信我们做过的某些事是错误的，那么我们就会感到负罪和自责。当我们承认犯下罪过之后，自责便会油然而生。也可能我们在做的时候便已经意识到这是错误的，但直到我们反省自己所做的事情之前，我们的行动并未被自责所震惊。
When we have done something that we believe to be wrong, then we feel a sense of guilt and remorse. The remorse can come when we realize after having committed the sin that it was wrong. We may also know that it is wrong when we do it, but are not struck by remorse until we reflect upon what we have done.
 当我们将自身行为与价值观相比较，因认知上的不和谐及随后而来的懊悔而感到混乱时，自责便产生了。当观赏关于懊悔的故事时，我们抱怨人物的错误行为，但却同情他的自责。因此以我们自身带入法官或神父的角色，赦免人物早先的罪行。
Remorse is caused when we compare our actions with our values, resulting in the confusion of cognitive dissonance and subsequent regret. In watching stories about regret we rail at the wrong-doing but sympathize with the remorse. We may thus cast ourselves as judge or priest as we grant absolution for the earlier crime.
 “自责”是乔治·波尔蒂的三十六种戏剧情境中的第三十四种。
 'Remorse' is the 34th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
35.失而复得Recovery of a lost one
 描述
 要素
 ·追寻者The Seeker
 ·追寻目标The One Found
 概要
 追寻者寻找并最终发现所求。The Seeker looks for and finds the One Found.
 变体
 A
 失而复得。recovery of a lost one
 论述
 尽管这是个相对有些简短的描述，但“寻回”是一个常见的主题。在生活中，最常见的是人们在自由意志下，自愿离开而失踪。“丢失”在这里时常意味着追寻者失去了某个失踪者，而失踪者本人可能十分开心。对失踪者而言“丢失”也可能同样发生，比如一个与母亲分离的孩子，或迷失在荒野之中的冒险者。
Although this is a relatively short description, recovery is a common theme. In life, people go missing most often through voluntary means, leaving of their own accord. 'Lost', here, often means that the seeker has lost the person who is missing, as the missing person may be quite happy. It also happens that the missing person is themselves lost, such as a child who is separated from its mother or adventurers lost in the wilderness.
 故事中确实包含自愿失踪的状况，但利用更多的却是非自愿的情况。例如某人在违背自身意愿，通常也是违背法律的情况下被抓捕或绑架。这种情况为绑架者、救援和逃脱制造了经典冲突。
Stories do cover voluntary loss, but make use of the more involuntary situation of capture and kidnap, where a person is taken against their will and usually against the law. Such situations make for classic conflict with the abductors, rescue and escape.
 迷失和寻回在心理学上是一个十分深奥的主题，孩子与母亲分离是一种创伤性的体验。分裂也是与之相关的，比如我们将好的对象与坏的对象分开。
Loss and recovery is a deep theme in psychoanalysis, where the child separating from its mother can be a traumatic experience. Splitting is also relevant, where we separate out good and bad objects.
 “失而复得”是乔治·波尔蒂的三十六种戏剧情境中的第三十五种。
 'Recovery of a lost one' is the 35th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
36.痛失所爱Loss of loved ones
 描述
 要素
 ·将要被杀的亲属A Kinsman Slain
 ·旁观亲属被杀的人A Kinsman Spectator
 ·侩子手An Executioner
 概要
 旁观者看见亲属被侩子手杀害。
 The Kinsman Spectator sees the Kinsman Slain being killed by the Executioner.
 变体
 A
 在无力阻止的状况下目击亲属被杀。Witnessing the slaying of kinsmen while powerless to prevent it
 以守口如瓶来帮助为他人带来不幸的人。
 Helping to bring misfortune upon one's people through professional secrecy
 B
 预言了爱人的死亡。Divining the death of a loved one
 C
 认识亲人或伙伴的死亡。Learning of the death of a kinsman or ally
 D
 通过认识爱人的死亡变得绝望，重陷原始低俗的状态。（译者按：鬼畜？）Relapse into primitive baseness, through despair on learning of the death of a loved one
 论述
 “痛失所爱”是乔治·波尔蒂的三十六种戏剧情境中的第三十六种。
 'Loss of loved ones' is the 36th of Georges Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations.
 
Although this has been taken as definitive by some and Polti initially said there was 'exactly 36 dramatic situations ... and therein we have all the savour of existence', he later admitted that there could be more or less than this (it all depends on your criteria for division). He also said that these aligned with 36 basic emotions, although he did not list these (and has been criticized for this).