各种虚拟句型
7.10.1 在wish后面的宾语从句中
——用来表示说话者难以实现的或与事实违背的愿望，具有较强的感情色彩，可分别表示对现在、过去和将来情景的虚拟。
一、对现在的虚拟——表示对现状的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去时。
I wish I [were ] a little younger.
I wish I [could] travel to the moon (but I can't do that).
二、对过去的虚拟——即对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时（had done）或“would/could+现在完成时”,意指从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句的谓语所表示的动作之前。
I wish I [had been ]there.
I wish I [had not attended] that party.
三、对将来的虚拟——指对将来发生的事情表示祝愿，从句的谓语动词用would/could+动词原形”，意指从句的谓语动词所表示的动作可能发生在主句的谓语所表示的动作之后。
I wish he [could] explain what he means.
I wish you [would] shut up.
注意：即使将wish改为wished，上述例句谓语的时态仍然不变。
7.10.2 在if only 感叹句中
if only表示“但愿”“要是。。。就好了”，其用法和wish基本相同，可表示对现在、过去和将来的虚拟，只是比wish具有更强烈的感情色彩。
If only the rain [would stop].
If only I [were] taller.
注意：可以把only放到句中的位置。
If he [had only followed] you advice.
7.10.3 在as if/ as though引导的从句中
一、表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑，谓语用过去时
I really don't care for the way you're speaking to me. It seems as if you [were ] my father.
二、表示与过去事实相反，谓语用过去完成时
It is becoming dark. It looks as if it's going to rain.
It seems as if he has been to America.
7.10.4 在it is (high) time (that) 从句中
该句型表示“该是做什么事的时候了”，含有“晚了一点”的意思，从句中用过去时。
Don't dawdle away your youth any more. It is time you [thought] about your future.
It seems to be high time that this argument [were] put to an end.
7.10.5 在would rather, would(just) as soon, would sooner, would prefer 等从句中
首先，would rather后面可以接从句和接动词原形；其次，would rather,表示将来、现在、过去时的谓语动词的形式不同。
一、would rather do sth.
would rather后面接动词原形，可以表示将来或现在的事件，意指“主语宁愿自己做某事”
I would rather [go] there tomorrow.
如果要和另外一件事情来比较，要用than 来引出另外的事情。
He would rather stay at home than go to the cinema tonight.
注意：对该句型否定时，要在动词的前面加not，而不是在would后面加not。
He would rather [ not stay] at home tonight.
二、would rather have done sth.
would rather后面接动词完成式的用法，表示过去的事件，意指“主语宁愿自己过去做了某事，但实际上没有做”，因此，具有过去虚拟的意味，如同过去虚拟条件主句的谓语形式。
I took Sally to the cinema last night, but I [ would rather have been] there alone.
三、would rather sb. did
would rather 后面接从句的用法，意指“主语宁愿让另一个人做某事”。这里从句的谓语用一般过去时，但表示的是将来或现在的事件，如同现在虚拟条件从句的谓语形式。
Don't come tomorrow. I'd rather you [came] next weekend.
She says she'd rather he [left] tomorrow instead of today.
四、would rather sb.had done
would rather 后面接从句的用法，意指“主语宁愿别人过去做了某事，但实际上没有做”。这里从句的谓语用过去完成时表示过去的事件，如同过去虚拟条件从句的谓语形式。
For my ninth birthday, my father gave me a set of the World Book Encyclopedia. But I [would rather he had given me ]a ser of transformers.
其它的结构，如would (just) as soon, would sooner, would prefer在接从句时，完全如同would rather的虚拟用法。例如：
I'd just as soon you didn't speak rudely to her.
I'd as soon you hadn't spoken rudely to her.
看might just as well接完成时的虚拟表达：
Our holidays were ruined by the weather-we 【might just as well have stayed 】at home.
——用来表示说话者难以实现的或与事实违背的愿望，具有较强的感情色彩，可分别表示对现在、过去和将来情景的虚拟。
一、对现在的虚拟——表示对现状的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去时。
I wish I [were ] a little younger.
I wish I [could] travel to the moon (but I can't do that).
二、对过去的虚拟——即对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时（had done）或“would/could+现在完成时”,意指从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句的谓语所表示的动作之前。
I wish I [had been ]there.
I wish I [had not attended] that party.
三、对将来的虚拟——指对将来发生的事情表示祝愿，从句的谓语动词用would/could+动词原形”，意指从句的谓语动词所表示的动作可能发生在主句的谓语所表示的动作之后。
I wish he [could] explain what he means.
I wish you [would] shut up.
注意：即使将wish改为wished，上述例句谓语的时态仍然不变。
7.10.2 在if only 感叹句中
if only表示“但愿”“要是。。。就好了”，其用法和wish基本相同，可表示对现在、过去和将来的虚拟，只是比wish具有更强烈的感情色彩。
If only the rain [would stop].
If only I [were] taller.
注意：可以把only放到句中的位置。
If he [had only followed] you advice.
7.10.3 在as if/ as though引导的从句中
一、表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑，谓语用过去时
I really don't care for the way you're speaking to me. It seems as if you [were ] my father.
二、表示与过去事实相反，谓语用过去完成时
It is becoming dark. It looks as if it's going to rain.
It seems as if he has been to America.
7.10.4 在it is (high) time (that) 从句中
该句型表示“该是做什么事的时候了”，含有“晚了一点”的意思，从句中用过去时。
Don't dawdle away your youth any more. It is time you [thought] about your future.
It seems to be high time that this argument [were] put to an end.
7.10.5 在would rather, would(just) as soon, would sooner, would prefer 等从句中
首先，would rather后面可以接从句和接动词原形；其次，would rather,表示将来、现在、过去时的谓语动词的形式不同。
一、would rather do sth.
would rather后面接动词原形，可以表示将来或现在的事件，意指“主语宁愿自己做某事”
I would rather [go] there tomorrow.
如果要和另外一件事情来比较，要用than 来引出另外的事情。
He would rather stay at home than go to the cinema tonight.
注意：对该句型否定时，要在动词的前面加not，而不是在would后面加not。
He would rather [ not stay] at home tonight.
二、would rather have done sth.
would rather后面接动词完成式的用法，表示过去的事件，意指“主语宁愿自己过去做了某事，但实际上没有做”，因此，具有过去虚拟的意味，如同过去虚拟条件主句的谓语形式。
I took Sally to the cinema last night, but I [ would rather have been] there alone.
三、would rather sb. did
would rather 后面接从句的用法，意指“主语宁愿让另一个人做某事”。这里从句的谓语用一般过去时，但表示的是将来或现在的事件，如同现在虚拟条件从句的谓语形式。
Don't come tomorrow. I'd rather you [came] next weekend.
She says she'd rather he [left] tomorrow instead of today.
四、would rather sb.had done
would rather 后面接从句的用法，意指“主语宁愿别人过去做了某事，但实际上没有做”。这里从句的谓语用过去完成时表示过去的事件，如同过去虚拟条件从句的谓语形式。
For my ninth birthday, my father gave me a set of the World Book Encyclopedia. But I [would rather he had given me ]a ser of transformers.
其它的结构，如would (just) as soon, would sooner, would prefer在接从句时，完全如同would rather的虚拟用法。例如：
I'd just as soon you didn't speak rudely to her.
I'd as soon you hadn't spoken rudely to her.
看might just as well接完成时的虚拟表达：
Our holidays were ruined by the weather-we 【might just as well have stayed 】at home.
