不大可能? - 古德明
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問:《聖經.哥林多後書》一譯本的第三章說,以色列人讀舊約,終有所蔽:But when any man from them should turn to JHWH, the veil is lifted from him(但他們一旦向慕耶和華,此蔽即消)。句中的should字,是否表示他們「不大可能」向慕耶和華?
答:牛津出版社英語慣用法Practical English Usage一書談到假設句,說We can suggest that something is unlikely, or not particularly probable, by using "should" in the if-clause(If子句用should字,表示某事不大可能發生)。讀者說的when子句,當然可以視作if子句。
不過,Practical English Usage說的「不大可能發生」,語氣畧重了一點。其實以下兩個寫法,意思幾乎相同:If anything happens / should happen, I will return immediately(假如發生什麼事,我會馬上回來)。所以英文文法書Collins COBUILD English Grammar說:A more formal way of talking about a possible future situation is to use "should" in the conditional clause(說未來可能發生的事,較謹嚴的說法,是在假設子句之中用should字)。If anything happens和If anything should happen相比,用should的寫法只是稍稍沒有那麼肯定,但語氣較謹嚴。要表示「不大可能」,應用假設過去式If anything happened, I would return immediately。
讀者示下那一句,《聖經》改譯標準本(RSV)就以turns取代should turn,可見兩個說法意思無別:When a man turns to the Lord the veil is removed。