每日一记 14/11/7【How to find great participants for your user study】用户研究2 Talk to the right people
http://www.gv.com/lib/how-to-find-great-participants-for-your-user-study
Don’t wait
As soon as you have some idea of what you want to test, start recruiting. It takes a little lead time, so start even before your design is finalized.
Be selective
When evaluating a product’s out-of-box experience, I recruit people from the target audience who haven’t used it before.
Step 1: Write a screener
【第一步：写一个筛选机制】
Define your criteria
【首先，定义你的标准】
With your team, list the characteristics of the target users for your usability study. Then figure out precise criteria you can use to identify those users. For example, when my team wanted to test designs with “active Gmail users,” I translated that into precise, measurable criteria I could use to screen prospective participants: use Gmail as primary personal email account and receive at least three emails per day.
【1 列出为了进行可用性研究“目标用户特征”
2 想出你能用来定义那些用的细节的标准
例如：当我想测试“用gmail的活跃用的”设计时，我准成细小的可测量的标准，来筛选预想潜
在的参与者：1）用gmail作为个人主要邮箱账户；2）至少每天收到3封邮件 】
In addition to specifying the users you want to talk to, brainstorm characters you don’t want to see in any of your precious sessions. I commonly exclude folks who are under 18 years old, work for competitors, or are unusually technical, including engineers, designers, and product managers. For my Gmail Priority Inbox study, I excluded people who shared their email accounts, had used Gmail for less than six months, or viewed their email through a mobile or other non-Gmail UI.
【3 具体说明你想对用户说什么（头脑风暴你不想的）
我通常会排出：18岁以下，为竞争者工作的，普通的科技人员，包括程序猿，设计师，产品经理
例如：gmail inbox的研究，我排除了那些，分享自己邮箱的账户，有账户但是至少6个月没用
过了，看邮箱通过手机或者其他的非gmail的邮箱来阅读的】
Write screener questions
【然后，写下筛选的问题】
Next, write a screener questionnaire that you can use to identify and select people who meet each of your precise criteria. Write questions for every one of your criteria. Like any good survey or questionnaire, it’s important to write questions that aren’t leading and don’t reveal the “right” answers. Many people will try to give the answers they think you want so they can get your $50 incentive. For example, rather than asking whether people receive 3 emails/day and use Gmail as their primary accounts, I asked: How many emails did you receive yesterday? What email service or application do you use for your primary personal email account?
【写下一个调查问卷，你可以用来定义和选出那些满足你的每一个细小标准的人
1 写下你的每一个标准的问题
注意：写的问题不能引导或者正确的答案。（许多人想象得到他们认为你想要的）
例如：我不会去这么问：你是否每天都收到三封邮件？
你是否用gmail作为个人的主要邮箱？
我会这么问：你昨天收到了几封邮件？
那个应用或者服务是你用来作为个人邮箱的账户？】
After you’ve completed the screener worksheet and drafted questions for all of your criteria, create your screener questionnaire form. Google Forms is a great tool for creating screeners and collecting the responses in a spreadsheet.
【完成之后做一个表格，Google Forms（最好的tool）】
Step 2: Get people to fill out your screener
【让人们来完成你的筛选】
After you’ve drafted your screener, you need to get lots of people to fill it out to find enough who meet your criteria. You can hire a recruiting vendor or do it yourself.
Hire a recruiting vendor
【雇一个供应商】
Recruiting vendors can send your screener to their lists of potential testers, sift through the responses, schedule appropriate testers, and manage their compensation for you. You might pay them $100 or more for each participant (depending on your recruiting criteria) — and that doesn’t include the incentive.
The main advantage of working with a vendor is that it can save you a lots of time. It can also make it easier to plan blind tests when you don’t want to reveal who’s running the study. You do give up some control of the process and your relationship with the respondents since those contacts are typically owned by the vendor.
DIY
【自己做】
A less expensive approach is recruiting research candidates yourself. It may take more of your time, but you can often complete the whole process faster yourself than a vendor can. Last week I recruited eight people for phone interviews in less than two days.
Long term, a DIY approach is probably a good investment as you build up your own database of potential testers. I’ve also found that I’ve learned a ton from users just from all of my tiny email and phone interactions with them when asking clarifying questions, scheduling them, etc.
【长远来看，DIY的方式是一种最好投资，因为你建立了自己的具有潜力的测试人员的数据】
You can distribute the link to your screener lots of ways. Posting it to places like Craigslist, Twitter, and Facebook are most obvious. I also recommend adding a small “Want to give us more feedback?” link to your product, site, and company emails. (Just beware of CAN-SPAM guidelines.)
【你可以通过很多方式给你的筛选者链接。
例如：把它发布到“Craigslist, Twitter, and Facebook“
在产品，公司邮件，网站上添加一个小的链接”给我们更多的反馈？“】
When trying to recruit very specific and less common types of users, I’ve also found contacts in appropriate professional associations, community groups, student groups, or in my personal network who can help distribute links to my screeners. For example, if you want to talk to restaurant managers, ask the membership director at your local restaurant association to send out a link to your screener.
【当我尝试去招募，非常具体，并且有很少共同点的用户时，
我会利用我的个人资源，我的通讯录，我的俱乐部，校友群，社交网的陌生朋友，来帮我发个链接
例如：如果你想跟饭店经理对话，要求....】
Step 3: Schedule and confirm testers
【编录和确认测试者】
As the responses to my screener come in, I review them and select the people that seem like good candidates. (Don’t forget to recruit one or two extras in case of inevitable “no shows.”) To my chosen few, I (or my recruiting vendor) send brief emails to confirm the time, date, and location of the session. I also like to include:
【不要忘了，也要招募一到两个范围以外的人员】
Any instructions that will increase odds people will arrive on time, such as directions, parking info, the nearest transit stop, and what to do when they arrive.
My phone number in case they have questions or need to reschedule.
A copy of my non-disclosure agreement (which covers confidentiality, as well as permission to record, and protects ownership of ideas).
To minimize frustrating “no shows,” you can also ask users to reply to confirm. For example, your subject line might be something like: Reply to Confirm — Usability session scheduled on February 29 at 1 pm. A reminder phone call one day before the session can also save you disappointment.
【Getting out of the building isn’t enough】用户研究（重点课程）
【Questions to ask before starting user research】用户研究1 Figure out your questions
Don’t wait
As soon as you have some idea of what you want to test, start recruiting. It takes a little lead time, so start even before your design is finalized.
Be selective
When evaluating a product’s out-of-box experience, I recruit people from the target audience who haven’t used it before.
Step 1: Write a screener
【第一步：写一个筛选机制】
Define your criteria
【首先，定义你的标准】
With your team, list the characteristics of the target users for your usability study. Then figure out precise criteria you can use to identify those users. For example, when my team wanted to test designs with “active Gmail users,” I translated that into precise, measurable criteria I could use to screen prospective participants: use Gmail as primary personal email account and receive at least three emails per day.
【1 列出为了进行可用性研究“目标用户特征”
2 想出你能用来定义那些用的细节的标准
例如：当我想测试“用gmail的活跃用的”设计时，我准成细小的可测量的标准，来筛选预想潜
在的参与者：1）用gmail作为个人主要邮箱账户；2）至少每天收到3封邮件 】
In addition to specifying the users you want to talk to, brainstorm characters you don’t want to see in any of your precious sessions. I commonly exclude folks who are under 18 years old, work for competitors, or are unusually technical, including engineers, designers, and product managers. For my Gmail Priority Inbox study, I excluded people who shared their email accounts, had used Gmail for less than six months, or viewed their email through a mobile or other non-Gmail UI.
【3 具体说明你想对用户说什么（头脑风暴你不想的）
我通常会排出：18岁以下，为竞争者工作的，普通的科技人员，包括程序猿，设计师，产品经理
例如：gmail inbox的研究，我排除了那些，分享自己邮箱的账户，有账户但是至少6个月没用
过了，看邮箱通过手机或者其他的非gmail的邮箱来阅读的】
Write screener questions
【然后，写下筛选的问题】
Next, write a screener questionnaire that you can use to identify and select people who meet each of your precise criteria. Write questions for every one of your criteria. Like any good survey or questionnaire, it’s important to write questions that aren’t leading and don’t reveal the “right” answers. Many people will try to give the answers they think you want so they can get your $50 incentive. For example, rather than asking whether people receive 3 emails/day and use Gmail as their primary accounts, I asked: How many emails did you receive yesterday? What email service or application do you use for your primary personal email account?
【写下一个调查问卷，你可以用来定义和选出那些满足你的每一个细小标准的人
1 写下你的每一个标准的问题
注意：写的问题不能引导或者正确的答案。（许多人想象得到他们认为你想要的）
例如：我不会去这么问：你是否每天都收到三封邮件？
你是否用gmail作为个人的主要邮箱？
我会这么问：你昨天收到了几封邮件？
那个应用或者服务是你用来作为个人邮箱的账户？】
After you’ve completed the screener worksheet and drafted questions for all of your criteria, create your screener questionnaire form. Google Forms is a great tool for creating screeners and collecting the responses in a spreadsheet.
【完成之后做一个表格，Google Forms（最好的tool）】
Step 2: Get people to fill out your screener
【让人们来完成你的筛选】
After you’ve drafted your screener, you need to get lots of people to fill it out to find enough who meet your criteria. You can hire a recruiting vendor or do it yourself.
Hire a recruiting vendor
【雇一个供应商】
Recruiting vendors can send your screener to their lists of potential testers, sift through the responses, schedule appropriate testers, and manage their compensation for you. You might pay them $100 or more for each participant (depending on your recruiting criteria) — and that doesn’t include the incentive.
The main advantage of working with a vendor is that it can save you a lots of time. It can also make it easier to plan blind tests when you don’t want to reveal who’s running the study. You do give up some control of the process and your relationship with the respondents since those contacts are typically owned by the vendor.
DIY
【自己做】
A less expensive approach is recruiting research candidates yourself. It may take more of your time, but you can often complete the whole process faster yourself than a vendor can. Last week I recruited eight people for phone interviews in less than two days.
Long term, a DIY approach is probably a good investment as you build up your own database of potential testers. I’ve also found that I’ve learned a ton from users just from all of my tiny email and phone interactions with them when asking clarifying questions, scheduling them, etc.
【长远来看，DIY的方式是一种最好投资，因为你建立了自己的具有潜力的测试人员的数据】
You can distribute the link to your screener lots of ways. Posting it to places like Craigslist, Twitter, and Facebook are most obvious. I also recommend adding a small “Want to give us more feedback?” link to your product, site, and company emails. (Just beware of CAN-SPAM guidelines.)
【你可以通过很多方式给你的筛选者链接。
例如：把它发布到“Craigslist, Twitter, and Facebook“
在产品，公司邮件，网站上添加一个小的链接”给我们更多的反馈？“】
When trying to recruit very specific and less common types of users, I’ve also found contacts in appropriate professional associations, community groups, student groups, or in my personal network who can help distribute links to my screeners. For example, if you want to talk to restaurant managers, ask the membership director at your local restaurant association to send out a link to your screener.
【当我尝试去招募，非常具体，并且有很少共同点的用户时，
我会利用我的个人资源，我的通讯录，我的俱乐部，校友群，社交网的陌生朋友，来帮我发个链接
例如：如果你想跟饭店经理对话，要求....】
Step 3: Schedule and confirm testers
【编录和确认测试者】
As the responses to my screener come in, I review them and select the people that seem like good candidates. (Don’t forget to recruit one or two extras in case of inevitable “no shows.”) To my chosen few, I (or my recruiting vendor) send brief emails to confirm the time, date, and location of the session. I also like to include:
【不要忘了，也要招募一到两个范围以外的人员】
Any instructions that will increase odds people will arrive on time, such as directions, parking info, the nearest transit stop, and what to do when they arrive.
My phone number in case they have questions or need to reschedule.
A copy of my non-disclosure agreement (which covers confidentiality, as well as permission to record, and protects ownership of ideas).
To minimize frustrating “no shows,” you can also ask users to reply to confirm. For example, your subject line might be something like: Reply to Confirm — Usability session scheduled on February 29 at 1 pm. A reminder phone call one day before the session can also save you disappointment.
【Getting out of the building isn’t enough】用户研究（重点课程）
【Questions to ask before starting user research】用户研究1 Figure out your questions
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