笔记一小则：过去与现在
［这一部分很有意思，和乐于回忆、沉思、想象的人们的日常经验非常吻合。但是大多数人并不常常探究过去与现在的相互关系。］
［下面是摘译德勒兹的《普鲁斯特与符号》的两段。根据Richard Howard（法译英的大家！）英译。摘译纯粹是阅读笔记，比较随便。］
风格本质上就是隐喻
回忆是生命的隐喻；隐喻是艺术的回忆。
明显地，有些根本的东西逃脱了自觉的记忆：作为过去的过去。自觉的记忆前行着仿佛过去在它曾经为现在之后被组织。因而它需要等待一个新的现在，这样行进的时间可以经过，或成为过去。可是这样的话，时间的根本就逃脱了我们。因为如果现在不同时既是现在一般也是过去，如果同样的时刻不与它自身作为现在和过去共同存在，它将永远不会过去，一个新的现在也不会来到取代这个现在。过去作为在它自身中的存在，同它曾经的现在共同存在，而不是跟随它。我们并不在经历一个事物的现在时的那一刻将其理解为过去（除非是记忆错乱，比如普鲁斯特的三棵树）。可是这是因为有意识的感知和自觉的记忆联合要求要建立一个真实的顺序，在其中，更深刻地存在着一个虚拟的共存。
这是伯格森和普鲁斯特的相似处，在记忆的层面，而非时间过程的层面......我们并不以各种现在重构过去，而是我们直接地、将自己置身于过去它自身中。这个过去并不代表曾经的存在，而仅仅现在就是某个事物，并与它自身共同存在于现在之中。过去不需要在其他任何事物之中而是只在它自身中保存自己，从自己中幸存、在自己中保存。这就是伯格森的《物质与记忆》的主题。这种在其自身中作为过去就是伯格森所说的“虚拟”。同样地，普鲁斯特在描述记忆的符号勾起的状态时说：“真实而并不此在，理想化而并不抽象”。［之后分析伯格森停留在将过去保存在过去之中，而并不关心过去如何也能为我们而保存。］
下面是网上copy的几段普鲁斯特写道“三棵树”的片段
1:
We came down towards Hudimesnil; and suddenly I was overwhelmed with that profound happiness which I had not often felt since Combray, a happiness analogous to that which had been given me by–among other things–the steeples of Martinville. But this time it remained incomplete. I had just seen, standing a little way back from the hog’s-back road along which we were travelling, three trees which probably marked the entry to a covered driveway and formed a pattern which I was not seeing for the first time. I could not succeed in reconstructing the place from which they had been as it were detached, but I felt that it had been familiar to me once; so that, my mind having wavered between some distant year and the present moment, Balbec and its surroundings began to dissolve and I wondered whether the whole of the drive were not a make-believe, Balbec a place to which I had never gone except in imagination, Mme de Villeparisis a character in a story and the three old trees the reality which one recaptures on raising one’s eyes from the book which one has been reading and which describes an environment into which one has come to believe that one had been bodily transported.
2:
"I looked at the three trees; I could see them plainly, but my mind felt that they were concealing something which it could not grasp, as when an object is placed out of our reach... Where had I looked at them before? Were they not numbered among...dreamscapes...?"
"...They were inviting me to probe a new thought, [and] I imagined that I had to identify an old memory... I chose rather to believe they were phantoms of the past."
"I watched the trees gradually recede, waving their despairing arms, seeming to say to me: 'What you fail to learn from us today, you will never know.'"
"And when, the road having forked and the carriage with it, I turned my back on them and ceased to see them, while Mme de Villeparisis asked me what I was dreaming about, I was as wretched as if I had just lost a friend, had died myself, had broken faith with the dead or repudiated a god.”
［下面是摘译德勒兹的《普鲁斯特与符号》的两段。根据Richard Howard（法译英的大家！）英译。摘译纯粹是阅读笔记，比较随便。］
风格本质上就是隐喻
回忆是生命的隐喻；隐喻是艺术的回忆。
明显地，有些根本的东西逃脱了自觉的记忆：作为过去的过去。自觉的记忆前行着仿佛过去在它曾经为现在之后被组织。因而它需要等待一个新的现在，这样行进的时间可以经过，或成为过去。可是这样的话，时间的根本就逃脱了我们。因为如果现在不同时既是现在一般也是过去，如果同样的时刻不与它自身作为现在和过去共同存在，它将永远不会过去，一个新的现在也不会来到取代这个现在。过去作为在它自身中的存在，同它曾经的现在共同存在，而不是跟随它。我们并不在经历一个事物的现在时的那一刻将其理解为过去（除非是记忆错乱，比如普鲁斯特的三棵树）。可是这是因为有意识的感知和自觉的记忆联合要求要建立一个真实的顺序，在其中，更深刻地存在着一个虚拟的共存。
这是伯格森和普鲁斯特的相似处，在记忆的层面，而非时间过程的层面......我们并不以各种现在重构过去，而是我们直接地、将自己置身于过去它自身中。这个过去并不代表曾经的存在，而仅仅现在就是某个事物，并与它自身共同存在于现在之中。过去不需要在其他任何事物之中而是只在它自身中保存自己，从自己中幸存、在自己中保存。这就是伯格森的《物质与记忆》的主题。这种在其自身中作为过去就是伯格森所说的“虚拟”。同样地，普鲁斯特在描述记忆的符号勾起的状态时说：“真实而并不此在，理想化而并不抽象”。［之后分析伯格森停留在将过去保存在过去之中，而并不关心过去如何也能为我们而保存。］
下面是网上copy的几段普鲁斯特写道“三棵树”的片段
1:
We came down towards Hudimesnil; and suddenly I was overwhelmed with that profound happiness which I had not often felt since Combray, a happiness analogous to that which had been given me by–among other things–the steeples of Martinville. But this time it remained incomplete. I had just seen, standing a little way back from the hog’s-back road along which we were travelling, three trees which probably marked the entry to a covered driveway and formed a pattern which I was not seeing for the first time. I could not succeed in reconstructing the place from which they had been as it were detached, but I felt that it had been familiar to me once; so that, my mind having wavered between some distant year and the present moment, Balbec and its surroundings began to dissolve and I wondered whether the whole of the drive were not a make-believe, Balbec a place to which I had never gone except in imagination, Mme de Villeparisis a character in a story and the three old trees the reality which one recaptures on raising one’s eyes from the book which one has been reading and which describes an environment into which one has come to believe that one had been bodily transported.
2:
"I looked at the three trees; I could see them plainly, but my mind felt that they were concealing something which it could not grasp, as when an object is placed out of our reach... Where had I looked at them before? Were they not numbered among...dreamscapes...?"
"...They were inviting me to probe a new thought, [and] I imagined that I had to identify an old memory... I chose rather to believe they were phantoms of the past."
"I watched the trees gradually recede, waving their despairing arms, seeming to say to me: 'What you fail to learn from us today, you will never know.'"
"And when, the road having forked and the carriage with it, I turned my back on them and ceased to see them, while Mme de Villeparisis asked me what I was dreaming about, I was as wretched as if I had just lost a friend, had died myself, had broken faith with the dead or repudiated a god.”
