关于植物及英文术语/Tissue&Growth

Organs:

植物的主要器官：根、茎、叶

plant organs

Roots: absorb water & nutrients; provide support; hold soil in place; store sugar; symbiosis with bacteria

Leaves: photosynthesis; regulation of water loss & gas exchange; water storage (ex: 芦荟succulent) 芦荟储水在茎和叶中

Stems: support and transport system; photosynthesis( only green stem沙漠植物，比如仙人掌）

Tissues：

plant tissues

plant tissue

Ground Tissues (main body):

- Parenchyma (food storage; photosynthesis; repair damaged tissue)

- Collenchyma (double primary cell wall, flexible support)

- Sclerenchyma (protection)

Dermal Tissues:

- Epidermis/ Periderm

- Trichome/ leaf hair (avert herbivory by secrting oder or toxic compond; reduce water loss)

- Root hair, Cuticle, Stomata& Guard cell

Vascular Tissues:

- Xylem (transports water)

•Vessel elements & Tracheids & Ray cells & Fibers

- Phloem (transports nutrients & sugars)

•Sieve Tubes & Companion Cells & Ray cells & Fibers

About bark (inner bark/ outer bark), periderm, epidermis

cross section

periderm (replaces epidermis after the first year)=phelloderm+cork cambiam+cork cell)

outer bark=cork cell

bark=phloem+cortex+periderm

Growth:

Inbibition in seed germination: uptake much water to broke seed coat & hydrolyze enzyme

Meristem: undifferential cells; constant growth

meristem

-Apical Meristem: Increases length of stem/root at root and shoot tips; Annual growth pattern

-Lateral Meristem: increases width of stem/root in the vascular and cork cambia; Additional years growth

-Intercalary Meristem: Increase at internodes; Only found in grass family (ex:bamboo)

primary growth & secondary growth