Tennis Strokes for Success 读书笔记
Tennis Strokes for Success
Doug MacCurdy& Shawn Tully
Sports Illustrated Winner’s Circle Books
ISBN 1-56800-006-5
这是一本有关网球的书。前半部分介绍基本的动作，后半部分介绍更加有技巧的动作和比赛策略。今天只包含前半部分，因为后半部分我暂时还用不着。等到我上课到这个程度的时候我再看。网球我在高中的时候在florida上过半年的课程。因为每个weekday都要上课，太累我就没有继续 : )
不过现在重新拾起也不迟吧？
网球是一个需要手眼合一的运动，非常强调协调性。作者说要我们每周练习3次，然后每次练习时间的1/3要花在联系基本动作上，而不是打比赛。
作者说，挑网球拍需要注意：网球线（the string), 框（frame). 前者的话，natural gut 肠线现在选择的人不太多了，主要是性能比不上synthetic string, 又容易磨损。synthetic string也更容易打出上旋球。string tension的话，一般是线越松，产生的力量越大。线越紧，力量略小，但更容易控制球。我当时老师挑的就是synthetic string，然后线相对紧，方便我控制球。后者，框的话，首先是尺寸的问题。一般新手用oversize racket 或者midsize racket，反正更容易回球。frame选择稍微flexible一些，能够抵消一些冲击力，当然也不能太flexible,这样就不容易控制。
具体买球拍就去店里，问导购，然后ta会给你推荐，你在你的预算里挑一个最贵的,颜色也很好看的就好。
Ground stroke is a stroke made after the ball has rebounded from the ground. Although technically the return of serve and the half-volley are considered ground strokes, the word usually usually refers to shots made while the player is standing behind or near the baseline.
There are four things basic to all ground strokes: watch the ball, prepare early, keep your body in balance & follow through.
1.watch the ball: simple, just watch the ball
2. preparation: when the ball has traveled a few feet from the opponent’s racket, a good player starts to turn to the right for a forehand, to the left for a backhand. How quickly you prepare for the ball determines how well you play tennis
3. balance: you must get into a balanced position to make a good swing. at the point of contact, your body should be stable and leaning slightly forward in the direction you are hitting. Hit on the run only in emergencies.
4.follow-through: the follow-through is that portion of the swing which occurs after the racket makes contact with the ball. The better the follow-through, the longer you can hold the ball on your racket; the longer you can hold the ball on the racket, the better chance you have of directing it accurately. Control is the name of the game (indeed..)
There are four things basic to all good strokes.
consistency: Some players get used to making an error after hitting a certain number of balls. This is a bad pattern that we shall all avoid. Remember, consistency comes from practicing the strokes, concentrating, and keeping calm.
depth: your goal is to hit deep shots consistently ( a deep shot lands in the court within several feet of your opponent’s baseline ). it doesn’t matter how hard they are hit, as long as they land deep. This keeps your opponent back, where the least damage can be done. In fact, a looping ball that bounces up around the shoulders is often more difficult to return than a crisply hit waist-high ball. To hit deep in the baseline rally, aim your shots at least 3 ft over the net. On the run or off balance, you will need 6-10 ft of net clearance, sometimes even more.
Spin: spin refers to the rotation of the ball as it leaves the face of the racket. there are 3 types of spin: topspin, sidespin, & underspin (also called backspin or slice). A topspin ball revolves forward, as if it was rolling down a hill; an underspin ball revolves the opposite way; and a sidespin ball revolves either to the left or the right like a top.
(a)Topspin (from low to high) makes the ball curve downward quickly, allowing you to hit the ball high and hard( and deep) without hitting it out of the court.
(b)Underspin (from high to low) can take the speed off an oncoming ball and return it deep. After it bounces, an underspin often skids and stays low, giving your opponent a tough shot to dig out.
(c) Sidespin is produced by starting the swing outside the path of the approaching ball and swinging across it, from outside in. The ball tends to skid.
4. Pace and Speed
A ball is said to have “pace” when it moves fast after it bounces. A player who leans into the ball and accelerates the racket hits with pace. “Speed” refers to how quickly the ball moves through the air; it can be produced by a fast-moving racket alone.
Forehand (正手击球）
这里有3种拿球拍方式。eastern grip,western grip, continental grip.这里我只介绍第一种，新手必备。
With the eastern forehand grip, the U formed by the thumb and the index finger should be on the top level of the racket. This puts the palm of the hand behind the handle for leverage at impact. With the eastern grip, the racket face is an extension of your palm. Hold the racket loosely, squeezing it only as you hit the ball.
Ready Position
Stand erect for a moment, holding the racket with the eastern grip. Take the racket shaft in the fingers of the left hand. The face of the racket should be perpendicular to the ground ( not parallel with it), the right hand just below waist level and the top of the racket head about chest high. The racket tip may point straight ahead or slightly to the left. If the racket hangs down or points too much to one side, the stroke will suffer.
Shoulder Turn
Leaving your left hand on the racket, turn our shoulders to the right. The racket automatically turns with you. How well you turn has a lot to do with how well you play. The quicker you turn, the more time you have to make the return. Also, the right foot may pivot, pointing the toe to the right, or it may just stay in place. The hips may swing around less than the shoulders.
Backswing
In the ready position, your racket head is about chest high. As you turn, the racket remains at the same height. If the ball you are returning bounces waist high, the racket head is a foot or so above the level of the ball. The racket continues along the same chest-high path until it points to the fence behind you. The elbow, which has been close to your body since the waiting position, straightens out smoothly, dropping the racket head below the level of the ball.
Balance
Before hitting, step toward the oncoming ball with your left foot.This gives you a stable hitting base.Try to step just as your racket begins moving forward; if you cannot step then, do it earlier-not later. Bend the front knee on low-bouncing balls, lowering the racket to the level of the ball.
Contact
The racket moves upward, contacting the ball just in front of the left hip. Accelerate the racket as it hits the ball. Also, hitting upward gives you some topspin.
Follow-through
Keep the racket face moving as long as you can in the direction you are aiming the ball. The racket keeps going until it points above the fence on the far side of the court. Your arm is slightly bent, and you look just over your forearm. The racket face is perpendicular to the ground.
Recovery
Get back near the center of the court after hitting, but do not hurry at the expense of your balance or follow through.
Backhand (反手击球）
有2种，一种一只手，一种两只手。我只会两只手的，一只手太累, 暂时玩不动.
The Two-handed Backhand
Grip
Turn the right hand toward an eastern backhand grip and the left hand just above it toward an eastern forehand.
Backswing &Contact
The racket should be at the level of the ball. The point of contact is the same as on the forehand. If you hit the ball too far in the front, you will have to twist around to keep the swing smooth. If you are a bit late, the extra hand on the racket can be a real lifesaver.
Topspin& follow-through
It is easy to hit topspin with the two-handed grip (just do the low-to-high motion). If you want to hit flat or with slight topspin, keep the right arm fairly straight from the end of the backswing through the point of contact. After hitting through the ball, let both arms bend a bit, allowing the racket to fly through naturally. The left arm bends only when the ball is long gone. The weight should be balanced on the front foot; once again, if the heel of the rear foot is “up”, you have shifted your weight properly.
Underspin Backhands
Hold the racket above the level of the approaching ball. Hit it from high to low.
Serve (发球）
Grip and Stance
Stand sideways, hold the racket shaft with the fingertips of the left hand so that the racket head is just above your waist and points toward the net. Relax your right arm and squeeze the racket just enough to keep it from flopping around or twisting in your hand. Position your feet about shoulder width apart. Place the right or back foot parallel to the baseline and the left foot a couple of inches behind the baseline, with the toe pointing toward the net post to your right. Keep your body weight on your back foot.
Backswing
The left hand drops down to prepare to toss the ball & the right takes the racket back into the hitting position. Move the hands slowly. The left hand goes down to a point a few inches from the left thigh and sweeps upward without a hitch to start the toss. Keep the arm straight as it rises. Avoid jerking the fingers or wrist. Lift the arm smoothly, releasing the ball when the arm is fully extended to a point just above the head. Don’t heave the ball—toss it no higher than your outstretched racket. Contact the ball about one foot in front of you and slightly to the right of your head. While the left hand puts the ball into position to hit, the right hand carries the racket back. The racket moves in a pendulum arc, dropping down and then rising toward the fence behind you. If you relax, the racket opens naturally, allowing your arm to move smoothly. The timing is correct if your right arm is roughly parallel to the ground when the left hand releases the ball. This position makes the end of the backswing.
Power Loop
It follows the backswing. It refers to the path of the racket head as it loops and accelerates behind your back. The backswing has been slow, but now the racket head is ready to pick up speed.From the end of the backswing, simply bend your elbow to drop the racket head, which then travels over your head, past your left shoulder, down to your waist, and finally—as your elbow comes forward and the arm straightens—up to meet the ball. When you drop the racket, the hitting side faces your back. The entire loop takes only a fraction of a second.
Follow-through
After contact, the racket continues in a full arc, passing the left side of the body. For added power, step into the court with the right foot.
Add Spin
Flat serve: the contact point is directly behind the ball.
Slice Serve: the racket brushes the right side of the ball
Topspin Serve: the racket makes contact on the upper right-hand side
Volley
Steps
take a short backswing
keep the racket head and your eyes as close as possible to the level of the ball, and
hit the ball in front of you
Distance from the net: middle of the 21-foot service court, halfway btw the service line & the net.
If the ball is coming to your forehand while you are at net in the ready position, first bend the wrist a bit to the right to put the racket head in the path of the ball. Then, if you have time, turn your shoulders slightly to the right as well.Keep your elbow in front of your body. If the ball is approaching fast, just meet it squarely, with a firm grip, to send it back with good pace. On slower balls, turn your shoulders to add a little backswing needed to generate some power. To put away high floaters, some good players hit drive volleys, which resemble forehand ground strokes.
Doug MacCurdy& Shawn Tully
Sports Illustrated Winner’s Circle Books
ISBN 1-56800-006-5
这是一本有关网球的书。前半部分介绍基本的动作，后半部分介绍更加有技巧的动作和比赛策略。今天只包含前半部分，因为后半部分我暂时还用不着。等到我上课到这个程度的时候我再看。网球我在高中的时候在florida上过半年的课程。因为每个weekday都要上课，太累我就没有继续 : )
不过现在重新拾起也不迟吧？
网球是一个需要手眼合一的运动，非常强调协调性。作者说要我们每周练习3次，然后每次练习时间的1/3要花在联系基本动作上，而不是打比赛。
作者说，挑网球拍需要注意：网球线（the string), 框（frame). 前者的话，natural gut 肠线现在选择的人不太多了，主要是性能比不上synthetic string, 又容易磨损。synthetic string也更容易打出上旋球。string tension的话，一般是线越松，产生的力量越大。线越紧，力量略小，但更容易控制球。我当时老师挑的就是synthetic string，然后线相对紧，方便我控制球。后者，框的话，首先是尺寸的问题。一般新手用oversize racket 或者midsize racket，反正更容易回球。frame选择稍微flexible一些，能够抵消一些冲击力，当然也不能太flexible,这样就不容易控制。
具体买球拍就去店里，问导购，然后ta会给你推荐，你在你的预算里挑一个最贵的,颜色也很好看的就好。
Ground stroke is a stroke made after the ball has rebounded from the ground. Although technically the return of serve and the half-volley are considered ground strokes, the word usually usually refers to shots made while the player is standing behind or near the baseline.
There are four things basic to all ground strokes: watch the ball, prepare early, keep your body in balance & follow through.
1.watch the ball: simple, just watch the ball
2. preparation: when the ball has traveled a few feet from the opponent’s racket, a good player starts to turn to the right for a forehand, to the left for a backhand. How quickly you prepare for the ball determines how well you play tennis
3. balance: you must get into a balanced position to make a good swing. at the point of contact, your body should be stable and leaning slightly forward in the direction you are hitting. Hit on the run only in emergencies.
4.follow-through: the follow-through is that portion of the swing which occurs after the racket makes contact with the ball. The better the follow-through, the longer you can hold the ball on your racket; the longer you can hold the ball on the racket, the better chance you have of directing it accurately. Control is the name of the game (indeed..)
There are four things basic to all good strokes.
consistency: Some players get used to making an error after hitting a certain number of balls. This is a bad pattern that we shall all avoid. Remember, consistency comes from practicing the strokes, concentrating, and keeping calm.
depth: your goal is to hit deep shots consistently ( a deep shot lands in the court within several feet of your opponent’s baseline ). it doesn’t matter how hard they are hit, as long as they land deep. This keeps your opponent back, where the least damage can be done. In fact, a looping ball that bounces up around the shoulders is often more difficult to return than a crisply hit waist-high ball. To hit deep in the baseline rally, aim your shots at least 3 ft over the net. On the run or off balance, you will need 6-10 ft of net clearance, sometimes even more.
Spin: spin refers to the rotation of the ball as it leaves the face of the racket. there are 3 types of spin: topspin, sidespin, & underspin (also called backspin or slice). A topspin ball revolves forward, as if it was rolling down a hill; an underspin ball revolves the opposite way; and a sidespin ball revolves either to the left or the right like a top.
(a)Topspin (from low to high) makes the ball curve downward quickly, allowing you to hit the ball high and hard( and deep) without hitting it out of the court.
(b)Underspin (from high to low) can take the speed off an oncoming ball and return it deep. After it bounces, an underspin often skids and stays low, giving your opponent a tough shot to dig out.
(c) Sidespin is produced by starting the swing outside the path of the approaching ball and swinging across it, from outside in. The ball tends to skid.
4. Pace and Speed
A ball is said to have “pace” when it moves fast after it bounces. A player who leans into the ball and accelerates the racket hits with pace. “Speed” refers to how quickly the ball moves through the air; it can be produced by a fast-moving racket alone.
Forehand (正手击球）
这里有3种拿球拍方式。eastern grip,western grip, continental grip.这里我只介绍第一种，新手必备。
With the eastern forehand grip, the U formed by the thumb and the index finger should be on the top level of the racket. This puts the palm of the hand behind the handle for leverage at impact. With the eastern grip, the racket face is an extension of your palm. Hold the racket loosely, squeezing it only as you hit the ball.
Ready Position
Stand erect for a moment, holding the racket with the eastern grip. Take the racket shaft in the fingers of the left hand. The face of the racket should be perpendicular to the ground ( not parallel with it), the right hand just below waist level and the top of the racket head about chest high. The racket tip may point straight ahead or slightly to the left. If the racket hangs down or points too much to one side, the stroke will suffer.
Shoulder Turn
Leaving your left hand on the racket, turn our shoulders to the right. The racket automatically turns with you. How well you turn has a lot to do with how well you play. The quicker you turn, the more time you have to make the return. Also, the right foot may pivot, pointing the toe to the right, or it may just stay in place. The hips may swing around less than the shoulders.
Backswing
In the ready position, your racket head is about chest high. As you turn, the racket remains at the same height. If the ball you are returning bounces waist high, the racket head is a foot or so above the level of the ball. The racket continues along the same chest-high path until it points to the fence behind you. The elbow, which has been close to your body since the waiting position, straightens out smoothly, dropping the racket head below the level of the ball.
Balance
Before hitting, step toward the oncoming ball with your left foot.This gives you a stable hitting base.Try to step just as your racket begins moving forward; if you cannot step then, do it earlier-not later. Bend the front knee on low-bouncing balls, lowering the racket to the level of the ball.
Contact
The racket moves upward, contacting the ball just in front of the left hip. Accelerate the racket as it hits the ball. Also, hitting upward gives you some topspin.
Follow-through
Keep the racket face moving as long as you can in the direction you are aiming the ball. The racket keeps going until it points above the fence on the far side of the court. Your arm is slightly bent, and you look just over your forearm. The racket face is perpendicular to the ground.
Recovery
Get back near the center of the court after hitting, but do not hurry at the expense of your balance or follow through.
Backhand (反手击球）
有2种，一种一只手，一种两只手。我只会两只手的，一只手太累, 暂时玩不动.
The Two-handed Backhand
Grip
Turn the right hand toward an eastern backhand grip and the left hand just above it toward an eastern forehand.
Backswing &Contact
The racket should be at the level of the ball. The point of contact is the same as on the forehand. If you hit the ball too far in the front, you will have to twist around to keep the swing smooth. If you are a bit late, the extra hand on the racket can be a real lifesaver.
Topspin& follow-through
It is easy to hit topspin with the two-handed grip (just do the low-to-high motion). If you want to hit flat or with slight topspin, keep the right arm fairly straight from the end of the backswing through the point of contact. After hitting through the ball, let both arms bend a bit, allowing the racket to fly through naturally. The left arm bends only when the ball is long gone. The weight should be balanced on the front foot; once again, if the heel of the rear foot is “up”, you have shifted your weight properly.
Underspin Backhands
Hold the racket above the level of the approaching ball. Hit it from high to low.
Serve (发球）
Grip and Stance
Stand sideways, hold the racket shaft with the fingertips of the left hand so that the racket head is just above your waist and points toward the net. Relax your right arm and squeeze the racket just enough to keep it from flopping around or twisting in your hand. Position your feet about shoulder width apart. Place the right or back foot parallel to the baseline and the left foot a couple of inches behind the baseline, with the toe pointing toward the net post to your right. Keep your body weight on your back foot.
Backswing
The left hand drops down to prepare to toss the ball & the right takes the racket back into the hitting position. Move the hands slowly. The left hand goes down to a point a few inches from the left thigh and sweeps upward without a hitch to start the toss. Keep the arm straight as it rises. Avoid jerking the fingers or wrist. Lift the arm smoothly, releasing the ball when the arm is fully extended to a point just above the head. Don’t heave the ball—toss it no higher than your outstretched racket. Contact the ball about one foot in front of you and slightly to the right of your head. While the left hand puts the ball into position to hit, the right hand carries the racket back. The racket moves in a pendulum arc, dropping down and then rising toward the fence behind you. If you relax, the racket opens naturally, allowing your arm to move smoothly. The timing is correct if your right arm is roughly parallel to the ground when the left hand releases the ball. This position makes the end of the backswing.
Power Loop
It follows the backswing. It refers to the path of the racket head as it loops and accelerates behind your back. The backswing has been slow, but now the racket head is ready to pick up speed.From the end of the backswing, simply bend your elbow to drop the racket head, which then travels over your head, past your left shoulder, down to your waist, and finally—as your elbow comes forward and the arm straightens—up to meet the ball. When you drop the racket, the hitting side faces your back. The entire loop takes only a fraction of a second.
Follow-through
After contact, the racket continues in a full arc, passing the left side of the body. For added power, step into the court with the right foot.
Add Spin
Flat serve: the contact point is directly behind the ball.
Slice Serve: the racket brushes the right side of the ball
Topspin Serve: the racket makes contact on the upper right-hand side
Volley
Steps
take a short backswing
keep the racket head and your eyes as close as possible to the level of the ball, and
hit the ball in front of you
Distance from the net: middle of the 21-foot service court, halfway btw the service line & the net.
If the ball is coming to your forehand while you are at net in the ready position, first bend the wrist a bit to the right to put the racket head in the path of the ball. Then, if you have time, turn your shoulders slightly to the right as well.Keep your elbow in front of your body. If the ball is approaching fast, just meet it squarely, with a firm grip, to send it back with good pace. On slower balls, turn your shoulders to add a little backswing needed to generate some power. To put away high floaters, some good players hit drive volleys, which resemble forehand ground strokes.
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