lesson 10 Silicon valley
Lesson 10 Silicon valley
Technology trends may push Silicon Valley back to the future. Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology, notes there are now work-stations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh. As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures. Mead predicts that inventors will be able to perfect powerful customized chips over a weekend at the office -- spawning a new generation of garage start-ups and giving the U.S. a jump on its foreign rivals in getting new products to market fast. 'We've got more garages with smart people,' Mead observes. 'We really thrive on anarchy.'
And on Asians. Already, orientals and Asian Americans constitute the majority of the engineering staffs at many Valley firms. And Chinese, Korean, Filipino and Indian engineers are graduating in droves from California's colleges. As the heads of next-generation start-ups, these Asian innovators can draw on customs and languages to forge righter links with crucial Pacific Rim markets. For instance, Alex Au, a Stanford Ph. D. from Hong Kong, has set up a Taiwan factory to challenge Japan's near lock on the memory-chip market. India-born N.Damodar Reddy's tiny California company reopened an AT & T chip plant in Kansas City last spring with financing from the state of Missouri. Before it becomes a retirement village, Silicon Valley may prove a classroom for building a global business.
生词
integrated
an integreted public transport system
integrated circuit
integrate A with B
integrate theory with practice
enbed 镶嵌
penalize /i:/ 惩罚，处罚，正式的罚款或权利的剥夺
People who drive when they are drunk should be heavily penalized.
penalize sb. for sth.
A referee may penalize players for wasting time.
n. penalty
death penalty
capital punishment (更广泛)
fine 罚款
fine sb. (money) for sth.
He was fined $300 for reckless driving.
sentence 判刑
be sentenced to
He was sentenced to
10 years in prison.
life imprisonment.
death.
discipline 处罚内部员工
discipline sb. for sth.
The worker was disciplined for insubordination(不服从领导).
customize v.私人订制
a customized car
You can use the control panel to customize Windows.
civilize
generalize
localize 地方化
pulverize 使粉末化
spawn v. (鱼或青蛙)产卵；引起，引发
to make a series of things happen or start to exist 加复数
New technology has spawned new business opportunities.
breed
Unemployment breeds social unrest.
give birth to ...
Marx's ideas gave birth to communism
propagate 传播信仰，思想，观念
Such lies are propagated in the media.
thrive
This type of plant thrives in tropics.
thrive = prosper
a thriving / prosperous industry
A business(公司，可数) cannot thrive / prosper without investment.
anarchy n.无政府，混乱状态
In the absence of their teacher, the class was in a state of anarchy.
arch(y) = rule
mon(单调的，一)+arch=monarch君主，国王
monarchy 君主制
Britain is a monarchy.
patriarchy 父权制
matriarchy 母权制
oriental adj.东方的; n.东方人（作名词有贬义）
the Orient 东方国家
occidental adj.西方的; n.西方人
the Occident
Negro / Black--> African-American
Eskimo 爱斯基摩人 ==> Inuit 因纽特人
Oriental => Asian
constitute v.组成，构成
Twelve months constitute a year.
The rise in crime constitutes / poses a threat / menace to society.
constitution 宪法 constitutional
constitutional monarchy 君主立宪制
drove n.一群(移动中)牲口；移动中的人群
a drove of horses / cattle ...
in droves
Tourists come in droves(大群大群地) to see the Imperial Palace.(故宫)
innovator
innovate vi. 革新、改良
innovate in techniques
innovation
"nov" = new
novel
a novel idea
novelty 新鲜事物
The car is a novelty in 1900.
novice 新手，初学者
renovate 整修、翻新
renovation
The Imperial Palace is under renovation.
forge v.打铁，锻造；建立联系；伪造
forge a sword (w不发音)
forge a relationship / an alliance / a link with ...
The United States forged an alliance with France in 1776. 建立同盟
a forged passport
forgery 赝品，伪造的
The painting is a forgery.
课文
Technology trends may push Silicon Valley back to the future.
Carver Mead, （同位语介绍）a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology, notes（说） there are now work-stations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter(业务简报) on a Macintosh.
California Institute of Technology (CIT)
note v. 1.notice or pay attention to sth.
Note how she is holding her racket.
熟词生意 v. 2.mention sth. because it is important or interesting
observe
He abserved that it would probably rain. 说
There is much truth in his observation that "lecturing is an unnatural act, an act which God did not design human."
coverage 新闻报道
discipline(s) 学科
latitude 横的纬度=>自由
allow sb. latitude in sth.
enable sb. to do
allow / permit sb. to do
make it possible for sb. to do
... allow / permit engineers to design, test and produce chips ...
... make it possible for engineers to design, test and produce chips ...
newsletter n. a printed report sent regularly to a particular group of people
Macintosh
It pioneered the use of a graphical interface.
the way that / in which / ---
The steak is cooked the way I like it.
the way + 定语从句
much the way 与... 差不多
Internet technology enables you to make purchases(购物) at home, much the way you do in regular shops.
As(因为、随着) the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures.
drop / fall / decrease (to)
骤降，暴跌 plummet(铅锤) / plunge / nosedive(俯冲) / take a nosedive(n.)
Since January, sales of cars have plummeted / plunged / nosedived / taken a nosedive.
上升 rise / go up / increase / climb / escalate (to...)
House prices have escalated to a worrying level.
暴涨 soar / rocket (to...)
Gold prices soared / rocketed to their highest level since 1983.
His hunger gnawed at him.
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested.
Mead predicts that inventors will be able to per'fect powerful customized chips over a weekend at the office -- spawning a new generation of ga'rage start-ups and giving the U.S. a jump(优势) on its foreign rivals in getting new products to market fast.
predict foretell
人做主语可以混用，表示预兆、预示predict不可以
Timely snow foretells a bumper harvest.
perfect 使完善 = bring ... to perfection
The violinist spent years perfecting his technique.
The violinist spent years bringing his technique to perfection.
start-up n. a new small company, one whose work involves computers or the Internet.
an Internet start-up
get a jump on sb.
gain an advantage over sb.
give sb. a jump on sb.
'We've got more garages with smart people,' Mead observes. 'We really thrive on anarchy(混乱，不是无政府）.'
We've got more promising garage start-ups.
thrive on sth.
He thrives on criticism.
I wouldn't want much pressure, but she seems to thrive on it.
And on Asians. Already, orientals and Asian Americans constitute the majority of the engineering staffs)(很多群员工，复数) at many Valley firms.
组成
constitute / make up / compose / comprise
One hundred members constitute / make up / compose / comprise the committee.
The committee comprises / is made up of / is composed of / consists of 100 members.
大多数
majority <-> minority
... constitute a high / large proportion / percentage of the engineering staffs.
And Chinese, Korean, Filipino and Indian engineers are graduating in droves from California's colleges.
Korean韩国的，韩国人 Korea韩国
the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) 朝鲜
Filipino 菲律宾的，菲律宾人
the Philippines 菲律宾
As the heads of next-generation start-ups, these Asian innovators can draw on customs and languages to forge righter links with crucial Pacific Rim(太平洋沿岸) markets.
draw on sth. to use sth. for a particular purpose
It was a challenge, but luckily we had the experience to draw on.
use / make use of
wield 手持某个东西并使用
be able to wield both the pen and the sword
exploit 利用
exploit natural resources
Pacific Rim markets
Pacific Rim weather
For instance, Alex Au, a Stanford Ph. D. from Hong Kong, has set up a Taiwan factory to challenge Japan's near lock on the memory-chip market.
a lock on sth.
= complete control of sth. 垄断
= monopoly(mon+poly经营)
India-born N.Damodar Reddy's tiny California company reopened an AT&T chip plant in Kansas City last spring with financing from the state of Missouri.
AT&T American Telephone and Telegraph
Kansas City
有两个
一个在堪萨斯州，另一个在密苏里州
financing funding
finance back fund subsidize
a charity financed / funded / backed by private donations
a government-subsidized health service 资助
sponsor 赞助，有条件的
Before it becomes a retirement village, Silicon Valley may prove a classroom for building a global business.
Before it no longer takes the lead in computer industry, ...
You'll learn a lot from Silicon Valley if you want to build a global business.
Technology trends may push Silicon Valley back to the future. Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology, notes there are now work-stations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh. As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures. Mead predicts that inventors will be able to perfect powerful customized chips over a weekend at the office -- spawning a new generation of garage start-ups and giving the U.S. a jump on its foreign rivals in getting new products to market fast. 'We've got more garages with smart people,' Mead observes. 'We really thrive on anarchy.'
And on Asians. Already, orientals and Asian Americans constitute the majority of the engineering staffs at many Valley firms. And Chinese, Korean, Filipino and Indian engineers are graduating in droves from California's colleges. As the heads of next-generation start-ups, these Asian innovators can draw on customs and languages to forge righter links with crucial Pacific Rim markets. For instance, Alex Au, a Stanford Ph. D. from Hong Kong, has set up a Taiwan factory to challenge Japan's near lock on the memory-chip market. India-born N.Damodar Reddy's tiny California company reopened an AT & T chip plant in Kansas City last spring with financing from the state of Missouri. Before it becomes a retirement village, Silicon Valley may prove a classroom for building a global business.
生词
integrated
an integreted public transport system
integrated circuit
integrate A with B
integrate theory with practice
enbed 镶嵌
penalize /i:/ 惩罚，处罚，正式的罚款或权利的剥夺
People who drive when they are drunk should be heavily penalized.
penalize sb. for sth.
A referee may penalize players for wasting time.
n. penalty
death penalty
capital punishment (更广泛)
fine 罚款
fine sb. (money) for sth.
He was fined $300 for reckless driving.
sentence 判刑
be sentenced to
He was sentenced to
10 years in prison.
life imprisonment.
death.
discipline 处罚内部员工
discipline sb. for sth.
The worker was disciplined for insubordination(不服从领导).
customize v.私人订制
a customized car
You can use the control panel to customize Windows.
civilize
generalize
localize 地方化
pulverize 使粉末化
spawn v. (鱼或青蛙)产卵；引起，引发
to make a series of things happen or start to exist 加复数
New technology has spawned new business opportunities.
breed
Unemployment breeds social unrest.
give birth to ...
Marx's ideas gave birth to communism
propagate 传播信仰，思想，观念
Such lies are propagated in the media.
thrive
This type of plant thrives in tropics.
thrive = prosper
a thriving / prosperous industry
A business(公司，可数) cannot thrive / prosper without investment.
anarchy n.无政府，混乱状态
In the absence of their teacher, the class was in a state of anarchy.
arch(y) = rule
mon(单调的，一)+arch=monarch君主，国王
monarchy 君主制
Britain is a monarchy.
patriarchy 父权制
matriarchy 母权制
oriental adj.东方的; n.东方人（作名词有贬义）
the Orient 东方国家
occidental adj.西方的; n.西方人
the Occident
Negro / Black--> African-American
Eskimo 爱斯基摩人 ==> Inuit 因纽特人
Oriental => Asian
constitute v.组成，构成
Twelve months constitute a year.
The rise in crime constitutes / poses a threat / menace to society.
constitution 宪法 constitutional
constitutional monarchy 君主立宪制
drove n.一群(移动中)牲口；移动中的人群
a drove of horses / cattle ...
in droves
Tourists come in droves(大群大群地) to see the Imperial Palace.(故宫)
innovator
innovate vi. 革新、改良
innovate in techniques
innovation
"nov" = new
novel
a novel idea
novelty 新鲜事物
The car is a novelty in 1900.
novice 新手，初学者
renovate 整修、翻新
renovation
The Imperial Palace is under renovation.
forge v.打铁，锻造；建立联系；伪造
forge a sword (w不发音)
forge a relationship / an alliance / a link with ...
The United States forged an alliance with France in 1776. 建立同盟
a forged passport
forgery 赝品，伪造的
The painting is a forgery.
课文
Technology trends may push Silicon Valley back to the future.
Carver Mead, （同位语介绍）a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology, notes（说） there are now work-stations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter(业务简报) on a Macintosh.
California Institute of Technology (CIT)
note v. 1.notice or pay attention to sth.
Note how she is holding her racket.
熟词生意 v. 2.mention sth. because it is important or interesting
observe
He abserved that it would probably rain. 说
There is much truth in his observation that "lecturing is an unnatural act, an act which God did not design human."
coverage 新闻报道
discipline(s) 学科
latitude 横的纬度=>自由
allow sb. latitude in sth.
enable sb. to do
allow / permit sb. to do
make it possible for sb. to do
... allow / permit engineers to design, test and produce chips ...
... make it possible for engineers to design, test and produce chips ...
newsletter n. a printed report sent regularly to a particular group of people
Macintosh
It pioneered the use of a graphical interface.
the way that / in which / ---
The steak is cooked the way I like it.
the way + 定语从句
much the way 与... 差不多
Internet technology enables you to make purchases(购物) at home, much the way you do in regular shops.
As(因为、随着) the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures.
drop / fall / decrease (to)
骤降，暴跌 plummet(铅锤) / plunge / nosedive(俯冲) / take a nosedive(n.)
Since January, sales of cars have plummeted / plunged / nosedived / taken a nosedive.
上升 rise / go up / increase / climb / escalate (to...)
House prices have escalated to a worrying level.
暴涨 soar / rocket (to...)
Gold prices soared / rocketed to their highest level since 1983.
His hunger gnawed at him.
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested.
Mead predicts that inventors will be able to per'fect powerful customized chips over a weekend at the office -- spawning a new generation of ga'rage start-ups and giving the U.S. a jump(优势) on its foreign rivals in getting new products to market fast.
predict foretell
人做主语可以混用，表示预兆、预示predict不可以
Timely snow foretells a bumper harvest.
perfect 使完善 = bring ... to perfection
The violinist spent years perfecting his technique.
The violinist spent years bringing his technique to perfection.
start-up n. a new small company, one whose work involves computers or the Internet.
an Internet start-up
get a jump on sb.
gain an advantage over sb.
give sb. a jump on sb.
'We've got more garages with smart people,' Mead observes. 'We really thrive on anarchy(混乱，不是无政府）.'
We've got more promising garage start-ups.
thrive on sth.
He thrives on criticism.
I wouldn't want much pressure, but she seems to thrive on it.
And on Asians. Already, orientals and Asian Americans constitute the majority of the engineering staffs)(很多群员工，复数) at many Valley firms.
组成
constitute / make up / compose / comprise
One hundred members constitute / make up / compose / comprise the committee.
The committee comprises / is made up of / is composed of / consists of 100 members.
大多数
majority <-> minority
... constitute a high / large proportion / percentage of the engineering staffs.
And Chinese, Korean, Filipino and Indian engineers are graduating in droves from California's colleges.
Korean韩国的，韩国人 Korea韩国
the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) 朝鲜
Filipino 菲律宾的，菲律宾人
the Philippines 菲律宾
As the heads of next-generation start-ups, these Asian innovators can draw on customs and languages to forge righter links with crucial Pacific Rim(太平洋沿岸) markets.
draw on sth. to use sth. for a particular purpose
It was a challenge, but luckily we had the experience to draw on.
use / make use of
wield 手持某个东西并使用
be able to wield both the pen and the sword
exploit 利用
exploit natural resources
Pacific Rim markets
Pacific Rim weather
For instance, Alex Au, a Stanford Ph. D. from Hong Kong, has set up a Taiwan factory to challenge Japan's near lock on the memory-chip market.
a lock on sth.
= complete control of sth. 垄断
= monopoly(mon+poly经营)
India-born N.Damodar Reddy's tiny California company reopened an AT&T chip plant in Kansas City last spring with financing from the state of Missouri.
AT&T American Telephone and Telegraph
Kansas City
有两个
一个在堪萨斯州，另一个在密苏里州
financing funding
finance back fund subsidize
a charity financed / funded / backed by private donations
a government-subsidized health service 资助
sponsor 赞助，有条件的
Before it becomes a retirement village, Silicon Valley may prove a classroom for building a global business.
Before it no longer takes the lead in computer industry, ...
You'll learn a lot from Silicon Valley if you want to build a global business.
