CentOS7 - 安装配置Fail2ban教程
有些时候,SSH被各种强力破解,这时候我们就需要Fail2ban,Fail2ban的相对比其他的同类软件要好用很多,如果有机会介绍些同类软件.
安装EPEL源
EPEL源就不过多的介绍了,不安装EPEL源一般安装不了Fail2ban.
yum -y install epel-release.noarch
安装Fail2ban
因为都用Centos7了,所有说我们需要安装支持firewalld的Fail2ban版本.(因为Centos7默认的防火墙是:firewalld)
yum -y install fail2ban-firewalld fail2ban-systemd
设置Fail2ban
编辑新配置文件
vim/etc/fail2ban/jail.local
加入规则
[DEFAULT]
bantime = 86400
# 禁止的时间,单位秒,我这里设置的是24小时.
findtime = 300
# 检测时间,超过300秒自动激活
maxretry = 10
# 允许最大的错误次数
当然你可以在配置文件里加入SSH的规则,但是我还是选择在目录下建立.
vimetc/fail2ban/jail.d/sshd.local
加入
[sshd]
# 启用,不启用则为:false
enabled = true
# 如果你的是其他的端口,需要在此处填写正确.
port = ssh
#action = firewallcmd-ipset
# 存储日志文件的路径
logpath = %(sshd_log)s
maxretry = 10
bantime = 86400
当然更多的规则你可以查看下面的命令.
启用Fail2ban
启动Fail2ban并设置为开机启动.
systemctl enable fail2ban
systemctl start fail2ban
下面是常用的一些命令.
查看拦截日志
fail2ban-client status sshd
添加白名单
fail2ban-client set sshd addignoreip IP地址
删除白名单
fail2ban-client set sshd delignoreip IP地址
查看Fail2ban日志
tail /var/log/fail2ban.log
查看被禁止的IP地址
iptables -L -n
更多命令看下方.
Fail2ban命令
太长了,不翻译了.
Usage: /usr/bin/fail2ban-client [OPTIONS] <COMMAND>
Fail2Ban v0.9.6 reads log file that contains password failure report
and bans the corresponding IP addresses using firewall rules.
Options:
-c <DIR> configuration directory
-s <FILE> socket path
-p <FILE> pidfile path
-d dump configuration. For debugging
-i interactive mode
-v increase verbosity
-q decrease verbosity
-x force execution of the server (remove socket file)
-b start server in background (default)
-f start server in foreground (note that the client forks once itself)
-h, --help display this help message
-V, --version print the version
Command:
BASIC
start starts the server and the jails
reload reloads the configuration
reload <JAIL> reloads the jail <JAIL>
stop stops all jails and terminate the
server
status gets the current status of the
server
ping tests if the server is alive
help return this output
version return the server version
LOGGING
set loglevel <LEVEL> sets logging level to <LEVEL>.
Levels: CRITICAL, ERROR, WARNING,
NOTICE, INFO, DEBUG
get loglevel gets the logging level
set logtarget <TARGET> sets logging target to <TARGET>.
Can be STDOUT, STDERR, SYSLOG or a
file
get logtarget gets logging target
set syslogsocket auto|<SOCKET> sets the syslog socket path to
auto or <SOCKET>. Only used if
logtarget is SYSLOG
get syslogsocket gets syslog socket path
flushlogs flushes the logtarget if a file
and reopens it. For log rotation.
DATABASE
set dbfile <FILE> set the location of fail2ban
persistent datastore. Set to
"None" to disable
get dbfile get the location of fail2ban
persistent datastore
set dbpurgeage <SECONDS> sets the max age in <SECONDS> that
history of bans will be kept
get dbpurgeage gets the max age in seconds that
history of bans will be kept
JAIL CONTROL
add <JAIL> <BACKEND> creates <JAIL> using <BACKEND>
start <JAIL> starts the jail <JAIL>
stop <JAIL> stops the jail <JAIL>. The jail is
removed
status <JAIL> [FLAVOR] gets the current status of <JAIL>,
with optional flavor or extended
info
JAIL CONFIGURATION
set <JAIL> idle on|off sets the idle state of <JAIL>
set <JAIL> addignoreip <IP> adds <IP> to the ignore list of
<JAIL>
set <JAIL> delignoreip <IP> removes <IP> from the ignore list
of <JAIL>
set <JAIL> addlogpath <FILE> ['tail'] adds <FILE> to the monitoring list
of <JAIL>, optionally starting at
the 'tail' of the file (default
'head').
set <JAIL> dellogpath <FILE> removes <FILE> from the monitoring
list of <JAIL>
set <JAIL> logencoding <ENCODING> sets the <ENCODING> of the log
files for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> addjournalmatch <MATCH> adds <MATCH> to the journal filter
of <JAIL>
set <JAIL> deljournalmatch <MATCH> removes <MATCH> from the journal
filter of <JAIL>
set <JAIL> addfailregex <REGEX> adds the regular expression
<REGEX> which must match failures
for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> delfailregex <INDEX> removes the regular expression at
<INDEX> for failregex
set <JAIL> ignorecommand <VALUE> sets ignorecommand of <JAIL>
set <JAIL> addignoreregex <REGEX> adds the regular expression
<REGEX> which should match pattern
to exclude for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> delignoreregex <INDEX> removes the regular expression at
<INDEX> for ignoreregex
set <JAIL> findtime <TIME> sets the number of seconds <TIME>
for which the filter will look
back for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> bantime <TIME> sets the number of seconds <TIME>
a host will be banned for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> datepattern <PATTERN> sets the <PATTERN> used to match
date/times for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> usedns <VALUE> sets the usedns mode for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> banip <IP> manually Ban <IP> for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> unbanip <IP> manually Unban <IP> in <JAIL>
set <JAIL> maxretry <RETRY> sets the number of failures
<RETRY> before banning the host
for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> maxlines <LINES> sets the number of <LINES> to
buffer for regex search for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> addaction <ACT>[ <PYTHONFILE> <JSONKWARGS>]
adds a new action named <ACT> for
<JAIL>. Optionally for a Python
based action, a <PYTHONFILE> and
<JSONKWARGS> can be specified,
else will be a Command Action
set <JAIL> delaction <ACT> removes the action <ACT> from
<JAIL>
COMMAND ACTION CONFIGURATION
set <JAIL> action <ACT> actionstart <CMD>
sets the start command <CMD> of
the action <ACT> for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> action <ACT> actionstop <CMD> sets the stop command <CMD> of the
action <ACT> for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> action <ACT> actioncheck <CMD>
sets the check command <CMD> of
the action <ACT> for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> action <ACT> actionban <CMD> sets the ban command <CMD> of the
action <ACT> for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> action <ACT> actionunban <CMD>
sets the unban command <CMD> of
the action <ACT> for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> action <ACT> timeout <TIMEOUT>
sets <TIMEOUT> as the command
timeout in seconds for the action
<ACT> for <JAIL>
GENERAL ACTION CONFIGURATION
set <JAIL> action <ACT> <PROPERTY> <VALUE>
sets the <VALUE> of <PROPERTY> for
the action <ACT> for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> action <ACT> <METHOD>[ <JSONKWARGS>]
calls the <METHOD> with
<JSONKWARGS> for the action <ACT>
for <JAIL>
JAIL INFORMATION
get <JAIL> logpath gets the list of the monitored
files for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> logencoding gets the encoding of the log files
for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> journalmatch gets the journal filter match for
<JAIL>
get <JAIL> ignoreip gets the list of ignored IP
addresses for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> ignorecommand gets ignorecommand of <JAIL>
get <JAIL> failregex gets the list of regular
expressions which matches the
failures for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> ignoreregex gets the list of regular
expressions which matches patterns
to ignore for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> findtime gets the time for which the filter
will look back for failures for
<JAIL>
get <JAIL> bantime gets the time a host is banned for
<JAIL>
get <JAIL> datepattern gets the patern used to match
date/times for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> usedns gets the usedns setting for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> maxretry gets the number of failures
allowed for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> maxlines gets the number of lines to buffer
for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> actions gets a list of actions for <JAIL>
COMMAND ACTION INFORMATION
get <JAIL> action <ACT> actionstart gets the start command for the
action <ACT> for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> action <ACT> actionstop gets the stop command for the
action <ACT> for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> action <ACT> actioncheck gets the check command for the
action <ACT> for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> action <ACT> actionban gets the ban command for the
action <ACT> for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> action <ACT> actionunban gets the unban command for the
action <ACT> for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> action <ACT> timeout gets the command timeout in
seconds for the action <ACT> for
<JAIL>
GENERAL ACTION INFORMATION
get <JAIL> actionproperties <ACT> gets a list of properties for the
action <ACT> for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> actionmethods <ACT> gets a list of methods for the
action <ACT> for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> action <ACT> <PROPERTY> gets the value of <PROPERTY> for
the action <ACT> for <JAIL>
安装EPEL源
EPEL源就不过多的介绍了,不安装EPEL源一般安装不了Fail2ban.
yum -y install epel-release.noarch
安装Fail2ban
因为都用Centos7了,所有说我们需要安装支持firewalld的Fail2ban版本.(因为Centos7默认的防火墙是:firewalld)
yum -y install fail2ban-firewalld fail2ban-systemd
设置Fail2ban
编辑新配置文件
vim/etc/fail2ban/jail.local
加入规则
[DEFAULT]
bantime = 86400
# 禁止的时间,单位秒,我这里设置的是24小时.
findtime = 300
# 检测时间,超过300秒自动激活
maxretry = 10
# 允许最大的错误次数
当然你可以在配置文件里加入SSH的规则,但是我还是选择在目录下建立.
vimetc/fail2ban/jail.d/sshd.local
加入
[sshd]
# 启用,不启用则为:false
enabled = true
# 如果你的是其他的端口,需要在此处填写正确.
port = ssh
#action = firewallcmd-ipset
# 存储日志文件的路径
logpath = %(sshd_log)s
maxretry = 10
bantime = 86400
当然更多的规则你可以查看下面的命令.
启用Fail2ban
启动Fail2ban并设置为开机启动.
systemctl enable fail2ban
systemctl start fail2ban
下面是常用的一些命令.
查看拦截日志
fail2ban-client status sshd
添加白名单
fail2ban-client set sshd addignoreip IP地址
删除白名单
fail2ban-client set sshd delignoreip IP地址
查看Fail2ban日志
tail /var/log/fail2ban.log
查看被禁止的IP地址
iptables -L -n
更多命令看下方.
Fail2ban命令
太长了,不翻译了.
Usage: /usr/bin/fail2ban-client [OPTIONS] <COMMAND>
Fail2Ban v0.9.6 reads log file that contains password failure report
and bans the corresponding IP addresses using firewall rules.
Options:
-c <DIR> configuration directory
-s <FILE> socket path
-p <FILE> pidfile path
-d dump configuration. For debugging
-i interactive mode
-v increase verbosity
-q decrease verbosity
-x force execution of the server (remove socket file)
-b start server in background (default)
-f start server in foreground (note that the client forks once itself)
-h, --help display this help message
-V, --version print the version
Command:
BASIC
start starts the server and the jails
reload reloads the configuration
reload <JAIL> reloads the jail <JAIL>
stop stops all jails and terminate the
server
status gets the current status of the
server
ping tests if the server is alive
help return this output
version return the server version
LOGGING
set loglevel <LEVEL> sets logging level to <LEVEL>.
Levels: CRITICAL, ERROR, WARNING,
NOTICE, INFO, DEBUG
get loglevel gets the logging level
set logtarget <TARGET> sets logging target to <TARGET>.
Can be STDOUT, STDERR, SYSLOG or a
file
get logtarget gets logging target
set syslogsocket auto|<SOCKET> sets the syslog socket path to
auto or <SOCKET>. Only used if
logtarget is SYSLOG
get syslogsocket gets syslog socket path
flushlogs flushes the logtarget if a file
and reopens it. For log rotation.
DATABASE
set dbfile <FILE> set the location of fail2ban
persistent datastore. Set to
"None" to disable
get dbfile get the location of fail2ban
persistent datastore
set dbpurgeage <SECONDS> sets the max age in <SECONDS> that
history of bans will be kept
get dbpurgeage gets the max age in seconds that
history of bans will be kept
JAIL CONTROL
add <JAIL> <BACKEND> creates <JAIL> using <BACKEND>
start <JAIL> starts the jail <JAIL>
stop <JAIL> stops the jail <JAIL>. The jail is
removed
status <JAIL> [FLAVOR] gets the current status of <JAIL>,
with optional flavor or extended
info
JAIL CONFIGURATION
set <JAIL> idle on|off sets the idle state of <JAIL>
set <JAIL> addignoreip <IP> adds <IP> to the ignore list of
<JAIL>
set <JAIL> delignoreip <IP> removes <IP> from the ignore list
of <JAIL>
set <JAIL> addlogpath <FILE> ['tail'] adds <FILE> to the monitoring list
of <JAIL>, optionally starting at
the 'tail' of the file (default
'head').
set <JAIL> dellogpath <FILE> removes <FILE> from the monitoring
list of <JAIL>
set <JAIL> logencoding <ENCODING> sets the <ENCODING> of the log
files for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> addjournalmatch <MATCH> adds <MATCH> to the journal filter
of <JAIL>
set <JAIL> deljournalmatch <MATCH> removes <MATCH> from the journal
filter of <JAIL>
set <JAIL> addfailregex <REGEX> adds the regular expression
<REGEX> which must match failures
for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> delfailregex <INDEX> removes the regular expression at
<INDEX> for failregex
set <JAIL> ignorecommand <VALUE> sets ignorecommand of <JAIL>
set <JAIL> addignoreregex <REGEX> adds the regular expression
<REGEX> which should match pattern
to exclude for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> delignoreregex <INDEX> removes the regular expression at
<INDEX> for ignoreregex
set <JAIL> findtime <TIME> sets the number of seconds <TIME>
for which the filter will look
back for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> bantime <TIME> sets the number of seconds <TIME>
a host will be banned for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> datepattern <PATTERN> sets the <PATTERN> used to match
date/times for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> usedns <VALUE> sets the usedns mode for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> banip <IP> manually Ban <IP> for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> unbanip <IP> manually Unban <IP> in <JAIL>
set <JAIL> maxretry <RETRY> sets the number of failures
<RETRY> before banning the host
for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> maxlines <LINES> sets the number of <LINES> to
buffer for regex search for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> addaction <ACT>[ <PYTHONFILE> <JSONKWARGS>]
adds a new action named <ACT> for
<JAIL>. Optionally for a Python
based action, a <PYTHONFILE> and
<JSONKWARGS> can be specified,
else will be a Command Action
set <JAIL> delaction <ACT> removes the action <ACT> from
<JAIL>
COMMAND ACTION CONFIGURATION
set <JAIL> action <ACT> actionstart <CMD>
sets the start command <CMD> of
the action <ACT> for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> action <ACT> actionstop <CMD> sets the stop command <CMD> of the
action <ACT> for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> action <ACT> actioncheck <CMD>
sets the check command <CMD> of
the action <ACT> for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> action <ACT> actionban <CMD> sets the ban command <CMD> of the
action <ACT> for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> action <ACT> actionunban <CMD>
sets the unban command <CMD> of
the action <ACT> for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> action <ACT> timeout <TIMEOUT>
sets <TIMEOUT> as the command
timeout in seconds for the action
<ACT> for <JAIL>
GENERAL ACTION CONFIGURATION
set <JAIL> action <ACT> <PROPERTY> <VALUE>
sets the <VALUE> of <PROPERTY> for
the action <ACT> for <JAIL>
set <JAIL> action <ACT> <METHOD>[ <JSONKWARGS>]
calls the <METHOD> with
<JSONKWARGS> for the action <ACT>
for <JAIL>
JAIL INFORMATION
get <JAIL> logpath gets the list of the monitored
files for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> logencoding gets the encoding of the log files
for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> journalmatch gets the journal filter match for
<JAIL>
get <JAIL> ignoreip gets the list of ignored IP
addresses for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> ignorecommand gets ignorecommand of <JAIL>
get <JAIL> failregex gets the list of regular
expressions which matches the
failures for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> ignoreregex gets the list of regular
expressions which matches patterns
to ignore for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> findtime gets the time for which the filter
will look back for failures for
<JAIL>
get <JAIL> bantime gets the time a host is banned for
<JAIL>
get <JAIL> datepattern gets the patern used to match
date/times for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> usedns gets the usedns setting for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> maxretry gets the number of failures
allowed for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> maxlines gets the number of lines to buffer
for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> actions gets a list of actions for <JAIL>
COMMAND ACTION INFORMATION
get <JAIL> action <ACT> actionstart gets the start command for the
action <ACT> for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> action <ACT> actionstop gets the stop command for the
action <ACT> for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> action <ACT> actioncheck gets the check command for the
action <ACT> for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> action <ACT> actionban gets the ban command for the
action <ACT> for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> action <ACT> actionunban gets the unban command for the
action <ACT> for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> action <ACT> timeout gets the command timeout in
seconds for the action <ACT> for
<JAIL>
GENERAL ACTION INFORMATION
get <JAIL> actionproperties <ACT> gets a list of properties for the
action <ACT> for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> actionmethods <ACT> gets a list of methods for the
action <ACT> for <JAIL>
get <JAIL> action <ACT> <PROPERTY> gets the value of <PROPERTY> for
the action <ACT> for <JAIL>
