【推荐】经济学人翻译参考：2017.9.23期L4：体育比赛中的腐败现象
Leaders 4
Corruption in sport
体育比赛中的腐败现象
Fixing the fixers
解决比赛作假的问题
To make sports cleaner and more fun, legalise betting
为使体育比赛更加公平有趣，赌球应合法化。
IN 267AD Nicantinous and Demetrius, two teenage wrestlers, had reached the final bout in a prestigious competition in Egypt. Their fathers struck a deal. For the price of a donkey, Demetrius would “fall three times and yield”. The signed contract is the earliest surviving record of a sporting competition being stitched up for financial gain.
公元267年，两位青年摔跤运动员Nicantinous和Demetrius打进了埃及著名赛事的最终回合。他们的父亲达成了一项协议：Demetrius在比赛时“摔倒三次并认输”，他将得到足以买到一头驴的钱作为回报。这是在体育比赛中为财作假的最早记录。
Today, match-fixing is a vast global enterprise. The pickings are rich. Around $2trn is wagered on sport each year, mostly with online bookmakers who enable punters to evade national anti-gambling laws. Around one game in 100 is thought to be manipulated across a range of sports.
今天，比赛作假的现象遍布全球，从中获得的不义之财数不胜数。每年在体育赛事上下的赌注约有2万亿美元，其中大多数来源于网络博彩公司，它们能帮赌徒们逃脱国家反赌球法的制裁。在各类体育项目中，每100场比赛就有一场存在作假行为。
Modern fixing is a more subtle affair than that of Nicantinous and Demetrius. It often involves manipulating the odds in live betting while a match is under way. Arranging for a cricketer to score poorly, say, or a footballer to be sent off at a certain point, or a tennis player to lose a particular game, allows bettors to predict how odds will move and lock in a profit much as insider traders beat the stockmarket. Athletes troubled by conscience can always tell themselves that a few wild swipes of a bat or a run of double faults are victimless crimes.
现代的比赛作假方式比Nicantinous 和 Demetrius当时的情况要微妙得多。比赛作假需要在比赛进行时操纵即时投注的赔率。比如安排一名板球运动员故意失分，或在关键时刻将一位足球运动员驱逐离场，又或是让一名网球运动员故意输掉一场比赛。就像内幕交易者玩弄股市一般，暗箱操作者让赌徒们预测比赛胜负几率，最终锁定会让自己盈利的一方下注。良心不安的运动员总会安慰自己说，乱挥几下球拍或一轮双发失误虽然是一种罪过但却没有受害者。
If punters willing to place illegal bets were the only victims, fixing might not matter so much. But they are not. Much of the profits go to violent gangsters. Among those defrauded are corrupt athletes’ innocent team-mates, legal bettors and ordinary fans, who pay to see a real contest, not a sham.
如果唯一的受害者是非法下注的赌徒，那么比赛作假并无大碍。然而他们并不是受害者。大多数的利润落入暴徒手中。受骗的是作假运动员的无辜队友、合法赌球者和普通球迷。他们花钱是为了观看一场真正的比赛，而不是骗局。
Sports administrators cannot be relied on to lead a clean-up. Some are themselves suspected of corruption—witness allegations of bribery in the choices of hosts for the football World Cup and Olympic games. And many seem to fear that revealing the scale of match-fixing would provoke a crisis of confidence. Little time or money is devoted to educating athletes about fixers’ methods, or to monitoring wagers to spot the suspicious betting patterns. Some of the cases that have come to light were uncovered by police investigating racketeering, not sports officials going after fixers. The governing body for tennis, dogged by suspicions of match-fixing, does not employ enough officials to have one at every professional event.
体育界管理人员来整治比赛作假并不可靠。有些人自己都被怀疑腐败——他们被指控受贿以影响对世界杯和奥运会主办方的选择。并且许多人似乎担心揭露打假球的比例会挑起信任危机。体育界管理人员在教育运动员不受他人唆使作假，或者监管赌博以找出可疑的赌注模式方面，投入的时间和金钱太少。一些被曝光的比赛造假案件是在警察调查敲诈勒索案件时查出来的，而不是由体育界的官员查出来的。由于遭受打假球的质疑，网球管理机构没有雇佣足够多的职员来为每一场职业赛事配备一名职员。
As more games are televised, more is bet on minor competitions, where players earn less and are therefore easier to corrupt. And as new sports gain popularity, the fixers will move in. They are already active in competitive video-gaming. Women’s cricket and football are likely to become targets, too.
随着越来越多的赛事在电视上播出，人们更多地在小型比赛上赌博。在这些比赛中，球员赚得比较少，因此更容易滋生腐败。并且随着新的体育项目的普及，操纵比赛者将介入这些新领域。他们已经活跃在了竟争激烈的赛事直播上。女子板球和足球也有可能成为目标。
Say it ain’t so
表示不能这样
To squeeze the fixers, governments need to do two things. The first is to legalise gambling, which is banned in many countries. Fixers need deep, liquid betting markets to profit from their crooked bets. If honest punters turn to legal bookmakers, fixers will follow, and authorities will find it easier to spot them at their work. The second is to pass laws against match-fixing which recognise that the evidence may consist of statistical analysis. Many countries have no match-fixing laws at all. When one corrupt player is caught and banned, the moneymen simply move on to the next.
为了打压这些操纵比赛者，政府需要做两件事情。首先是使赌博合法化，许多国家是禁止赌博的。操纵比赛者需要从交易兴旺的、流动性市场来获得不正当的赌注。如果诚实的赌徒转向合法的博彩公司，那么操纵比赛者就会跟进，当局监视他们就会更容易。第二是通过反球赛造假的法律，要认识到比赛造假的证据可能包括统计分析。毕竟许多国家没有反打假球的法律。当一个腐败的运动员落网被禁时，投资者轻易地就能换别的运动员来打假球。
Billions of people follow sport for the pleasure of seeing skilled athletes strive for victory and to share in the thrill of a fair competition. If the fixers are allowed to run the show, it will cease to be worth watching。
数以亿计的人们关注体育运动，是为了观看技能高超的运动员为胜利而战时获得的乐趣，为了分享观看公平赛事的激情。如果比赛中允许造假，那么比赛将不再值得观看。
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【推荐】经济学人翻译参考：2017.9.23期L4：体育比赛中的腐败现象
http://mtipartnerschina.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=6320&fromuid=1
(出处: 中国高翻考研论坛)
Corruption in sport
体育比赛中的腐败现象
Fixing the fixers
解决比赛作假的问题
To make sports cleaner and more fun, legalise betting
为使体育比赛更加公平有趣，赌球应合法化。
IN 267AD Nicantinous and Demetrius, two teenage wrestlers, had reached the final bout in a prestigious competition in Egypt. Their fathers struck a deal. For the price of a donkey, Demetrius would “fall three times and yield”. The signed contract is the earliest surviving record of a sporting competition being stitched up for financial gain.
公元267年，两位青年摔跤运动员Nicantinous和Demetrius打进了埃及著名赛事的最终回合。他们的父亲达成了一项协议：Demetrius在比赛时“摔倒三次并认输”，他将得到足以买到一头驴的钱作为回报。这是在体育比赛中为财作假的最早记录。
Today, match-fixing is a vast global enterprise. The pickings are rich. Around $2trn is wagered on sport each year, mostly with online bookmakers who enable punters to evade national anti-gambling laws. Around one game in 100 is thought to be manipulated across a range of sports.
今天，比赛作假的现象遍布全球，从中获得的不义之财数不胜数。每年在体育赛事上下的赌注约有2万亿美元，其中大多数来源于网络博彩公司，它们能帮赌徒们逃脱国家反赌球法的制裁。在各类体育项目中，每100场比赛就有一场存在作假行为。
Modern fixing is a more subtle affair than that of Nicantinous and Demetrius. It often involves manipulating the odds in live betting while a match is under way. Arranging for a cricketer to score poorly, say, or a footballer to be sent off at a certain point, or a tennis player to lose a particular game, allows bettors to predict how odds will move and lock in a profit much as insider traders beat the stockmarket. Athletes troubled by conscience can always tell themselves that a few wild swipes of a bat or a run of double faults are victimless crimes.
现代的比赛作假方式比Nicantinous 和 Demetrius当时的情况要微妙得多。比赛作假需要在比赛进行时操纵即时投注的赔率。比如安排一名板球运动员故意失分，或在关键时刻将一位足球运动员驱逐离场，又或是让一名网球运动员故意输掉一场比赛。就像内幕交易者玩弄股市一般，暗箱操作者让赌徒们预测比赛胜负几率，最终锁定会让自己盈利的一方下注。良心不安的运动员总会安慰自己说，乱挥几下球拍或一轮双发失误虽然是一种罪过但却没有受害者。
If punters willing to place illegal bets were the only victims, fixing might not matter so much. But they are not. Much of the profits go to violent gangsters. Among those defrauded are corrupt athletes’ innocent team-mates, legal bettors and ordinary fans, who pay to see a real contest, not a sham.
如果唯一的受害者是非法下注的赌徒，那么比赛作假并无大碍。然而他们并不是受害者。大多数的利润落入暴徒手中。受骗的是作假运动员的无辜队友、合法赌球者和普通球迷。他们花钱是为了观看一场真正的比赛，而不是骗局。
Sports administrators cannot be relied on to lead a clean-up. Some are themselves suspected of corruption—witness allegations of bribery in the choices of hosts for the football World Cup and Olympic games. And many seem to fear that revealing the scale of match-fixing would provoke a crisis of confidence. Little time or money is devoted to educating athletes about fixers’ methods, or to monitoring wagers to spot the suspicious betting patterns. Some of the cases that have come to light were uncovered by police investigating racketeering, not sports officials going after fixers. The governing body for tennis, dogged by suspicions of match-fixing, does not employ enough officials to have one at every professional event.
体育界管理人员来整治比赛作假并不可靠。有些人自己都被怀疑腐败——他们被指控受贿以影响对世界杯和奥运会主办方的选择。并且许多人似乎担心揭露打假球的比例会挑起信任危机。体育界管理人员在教育运动员不受他人唆使作假，或者监管赌博以找出可疑的赌注模式方面，投入的时间和金钱太少。一些被曝光的比赛造假案件是在警察调查敲诈勒索案件时查出来的，而不是由体育界的官员查出来的。由于遭受打假球的质疑，网球管理机构没有雇佣足够多的职员来为每一场职业赛事配备一名职员。
As more games are televised, more is bet on minor competitions, where players earn less and are therefore easier to corrupt. And as new sports gain popularity, the fixers will move in. They are already active in competitive video-gaming. Women’s cricket and football are likely to become targets, too.
随着越来越多的赛事在电视上播出，人们更多地在小型比赛上赌博。在这些比赛中，球员赚得比较少，因此更容易滋生腐败。并且随着新的体育项目的普及，操纵比赛者将介入这些新领域。他们已经活跃在了竟争激烈的赛事直播上。女子板球和足球也有可能成为目标。
Say it ain’t so
表示不能这样
To squeeze the fixers, governments need to do two things. The first is to legalise gambling, which is banned in many countries. Fixers need deep, liquid betting markets to profit from their crooked bets. If honest punters turn to legal bookmakers, fixers will follow, and authorities will find it easier to spot them at their work. The second is to pass laws against match-fixing which recognise that the evidence may consist of statistical analysis. Many countries have no match-fixing laws at all. When one corrupt player is caught and banned, the moneymen simply move on to the next.
为了打压这些操纵比赛者，政府需要做两件事情。首先是使赌博合法化，许多国家是禁止赌博的。操纵比赛者需要从交易兴旺的、流动性市场来获得不正当的赌注。如果诚实的赌徒转向合法的博彩公司，那么操纵比赛者就会跟进，当局监视他们就会更容易。第二是通过反球赛造假的法律，要认识到比赛造假的证据可能包括统计分析。毕竟许多国家没有反打假球的法律。当一个腐败的运动员落网被禁时，投资者轻易地就能换别的运动员来打假球。
Billions of people follow sport for the pleasure of seeing skilled athletes strive for victory and to share in the thrill of a fair competition. If the fixers are allowed to run the show, it will cease to be worth watching。
数以亿计的人们关注体育运动，是为了观看技能高超的运动员为胜利而战时获得的乐趣，为了分享观看公平赛事的激情。如果比赛中允许造假，那么比赛将不再值得观看。
10月MTI考研课程报名（送ECO参考/今年热词总结）+国庆预约答疑+推免保研免费模拟面试，免费对接各大高校保研学长学姐！
经济学人研读精讲/方法/材料解析/积累示范（点我观看）
2018翻译硕士暑期指导讲座@chinagaofanteam（点我观看）
推荐阅读：
7月MTI考研课程介绍+超详细暑假备考建议（包括如何协调实习）+推荐时间表+备考各阶段目标
你和高翻只差一个面授！2018暑期面授班来啦！保研+考研必选（基础不好更要看）
【2018保研课程+保研推免全知道】保研笔试面试考什么？需要注意什么？流程是什么？怎么复习准备？赶紧来看看
英语学习和翻译必备神技：如何翻墙+如何熟练利用谷歌搜索？（推荐收藏）
【最新更新-MTI中文写作素材】《朗读者》第一至十二期那些值得记忆的卷首语和开场白（附视频，推荐收藏）
欢迎关注中国高翻团队微信公众号，精彩内容与你共享！移除 欢迎关注中国高翻团队微信公众号，精彩内容与你共享！
欢迎关注中国高翻团队微信公众号，精彩内容与你共享！
欢迎关注中国高翻团队微信公众号，精彩内容与你共享！
【外刊分享小队】是由中国高翻团队2015年初组织建立，每天分享经济学人、纽约时报，金融时报等外刊学习材料的非盈利学习组织，主要分享最热门的双语外刊文章，给大家提供便利的研读和翻译练习材料，长久坚持，基础夯实妥妥的。译文主要选自外刊官网，部分译文可能有些出入，请大家以学习的心态，辩证性的吸收学习。（更多精彩内容，请加入外刊分享群488189941）加油。By稳扎稳打的中国高翻团队
【2017年 7-11月经济学人翻译参考每月90元，4-6月半价优惠（45元/月），去年4-11月三折优惠！（30元/月）】
经济学人是考研和CATTI考试的必备材料，2017年CATTI考试直接考了一篇经济学人文章，其重要性不言而喻！
经济学人是翻硕考研必备材料，经典的表达，强悍的背景知识，最重要的是考题青睐这种材料！搞定经济学人，翻译和基础英语无忧！每周精选 leader 板块文章 5 篇（每月四期共计20篇），配上参考，坚持积累，受益终身！还有机会参与翻译，获得学长学姐的精心审校！直指翻译错误（此为参考，非课程哦），有问题可联系微信fwpben
【报名方式】：直接转账到支付宝账号18521717712 中国高翻团队
缴费之后发邮件至 mtipartnerschina@163.com 进行确认
，邮件主题： 姓名+Q + 微信号+XX 月 月 XX 课程+ 已交费 XX 元+ 中国高翻团队
报名截止：长期有效！
【推荐】经济学人翻译参考：2017.9.23期L4：体育比赛中的腐败现象
http://mtipartnerschina.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=6320&fromuid=1
(出处: 中国高翻考研论坛)
