十五种电影技法（整理）

原介绍视频B站：七分钟带你了解十五种基础电影拍摄技法（up主：电影传送门主页妹） 以下只是做为个人中英文术语对照练习 15 important shots that you should be aware of as a filmmaker three major portions: camera angles（镜头角度） shot sizes（景别） motion atributes（镜头运动） each of those has five shots 1.shot sizes: CLOSE UP（特写）：you use a close up when you want to fill the frame with a face,you maight want to do that because you want draw attention to the expression on the face or facial features are more important than anything else at that moment（《圣女贞德蒙难记》） EXTREME CLOSE UP（面部大特写）：a variation（分支）of the close-up ,where you probably chop off（切掉）the top or bottom of the face to get even closer LONG SHOT（远景）:The long shot shows the entire body of the subject and you also get a sense of the location，another reason why you might want to use a long shot is if you want to cover actions（拍摄动作场面时）somebody's running or fighting,you maight want to see the entire body in motion EXTREME LONG SHOT（超远景）:At the extreme you have an extreme long shot in which the subject is even smaller relative to the frame ,you might want to use that to make the subject look small in relation to（相对于，关于，涉及） their surroundings. MEDIUM SHOT（中景）：which is roughly half of a person,you use this shot when the person is either holding something or something ,or if body language is still important but the person doesn't have to mobile （another way to distinguish between shot sizes is by the number of people in the shot :SOLO/SINGLE（单人镜头）、TWO SHOT（双人镜头）and so on ） POV(a point of view shot 视点镜头）：where the camera points to whatever the character is looking at so you want the audience to feel as if they were that person 2.the camera angle: EYE LEVEL（平视）:the most basic and simple camera angle is eye level where the camera points straight ahead and typically use this to remain objective,you're not trying to manipulate（操纵，控制） the situation LOW ANGLE（仰角）:where the camera points up from a lower angle and you use that to make the subject appear bigger or more dominating HIGH ANGLE（俯角）:where the camera points down from a high angle and it makes a subject look diminutive（很小的）and weak. this is not an ice stone这也不是一成不变的，you can break the rules here TOP ANGLE（bird's-eye view）:this is the special case where you want to show the topography（地势）of a location,aerial shots are an extreme example of this as well DUTCH ANGLE（tilted shot 德国式镜头/斜角镜头）:where you camera is not really level,an important use of this kind of shot is to draw attention to the fact that it's not a balanced frame,so something is literally off kilter（失调）. OST(OVER THE SHOULDER过肩镜头):typically and over the shoulder shot is confrontational（冲突性的） by nature 3.motion attributes: PAN AND TILT（水平横摇或上下直摇）： the camera stays in one place and it gose left or right as if you're observing a tennis match,the imporantce of this is the audience should feel like they are a spectator（旁观者）watching something objectively from a distance. TRACK,DOLLY OR CRANE（跟随镜头，移动摄影车/推轨，摇臂摄影机）：a tracking shot moves sideways either left or right,a dolly moves front or back,and a crane goes up or down.There are all variations of the same kind of motion ,they can be linear or they can be slightly curved,but the basic idea is you want to follow the action or follow the subject and you want the audience to be more involved with the space and location ZOOM（变焦）:a variation of the dolly shot where you want to move in or move out but you don't want to enter or leave the space（不进入或抽离现场即空间位置不变） you use a zoom lens RANDOM MOTION（无规则运动镜头）:where the camera just shakes around a certain point in a random manner,this is typically used to provide motion or energy to a shot,to make it come alive 360-DEGREE（306度环拍）:where you want to showcase the subject with the camera moves around the subject.The cool thing about the motion is you have three dimensions to move the camera in,so you can compound motion,for example you can add a dolly and a zoom to creat a dolly zoom SINGLE TAKE（一镜到底）