外刊阅读 Day 4
【导读】
如果一周做四休三,每天工作 9 小时,你是愿意还是不愿意呢?
【正文】
Why the weekend isn't longer 为何周末不能更长
Frances O’Grady, the head of Britain’s Trades Union Congress, threw down a gauntlet(发起挑战) on September 10th. “We can win a four-day working week,” she told members. The demand is far from unprecedented(空前的). Shorter working weeks have been tried in New Zealand and Sweden, where they resulted in happier, healthier and more motivated employees. Those who work shorter weeks are also reported to be more productive. Should weekends, therefore, be lengthened(延长)?
英国工会大会领导人弗朗西丝·奥格雷迪在 9 月 10 日发起了挑战。她对工会成员们说:“我们可以赢得每周工作四天的机会。”事实上,这种需求并非史无前例。新西兰和瑞典就已经尝试过缩短每周的工作时间,使得那里的员工们更快乐、更健康也更有动力。据报道称,那些工作时间较短的人,生产效率也更高。所以,周末应该延长吗?
France’s experience suggests workers may not leap at(立马接受) the chance of toiling(苦干) for fewer hours. The government reduced the full-time worker’s week to 35 hours in 2000. Last year the French worked 38.9 hours a week on average, seeming happy to labour(工作) above the required threshold(起点) and pocket (vt. 赚取)the extra pay or holiday allowance.
法国的经验表明,工人们可能不会欣然接受缩短工时这个机会。早在 2000 年,当地政府就把全职工人每周的工作时间减少到 35 小时。而去年,法国人平均每周工作 38.9 小时,他们似乎乐于超出规定时间工作,并从中赚取额外工资或假期津贴。
And businesses may not seize the opportunity either. Working less may be linked to higher productivity (on a per-hour basis), but overall output could still fall because of the smaller number of hours worked. That will not get governments or employers excited.
企业可能也不会抓住这个机会。虽然减少工作时间可能会提高生产效率(以每小时单位计算),但由于工作时长减少,总产量仍有可能降低。这显然不会让政府或雇主感到兴奋。
Advocates(倡导者) of a four-day week could claim that improving people’s quality of life is more important than boosting(推动) the economy. In an essay published during The Great Depression, John Maynard Keynes wrote of(把……当作写作题材) an “age of leisure and abundance” in which technological advances would allow people to work 15-hour weeks.
提倡每周工作四天的人可能会声称,改善人们的生活质量比刺激经济增长更为重要。约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯在大萧条期间发表的一篇文章中写到了一个“休闲富足的时代”,他指出,在那个时代里,技术进步将允许人们每周工作 15 小时。
Unfortunately for any readers toiling on a Friday afternoon, Keynes jumped the gun(抢先一步). Even Ms O’Grady, now angling for (谋取)a longer weekend, is pessimistic in her timescale. A four-day week is apparently achievable “in this century”.
不幸的是,对于所有仍在周五下午辛苦工作的读者来说,凯恩斯未免过早下定论了。即使是现在正在争取延长周末时间的奥格雷迪女士,对这个愿望实现所需要的时间也没有感到乐观。每周工作四天似乎是可以实现的,时间是“在本世纪”。
————— 文章来源 / 经济学人
【生词】
gauntlet /ˈɡɔːntlət/ n. (中世纪骑士用的)金属手套;防护手套 to throw down the gauntlet 发起挑战 to pick up/take up the gauntlet 接受挑战
unprecedented /ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd/ adj. 前所未有的,空前的
leap at 欣然接受;急切地扑向
toil /tɔɪl/ v. (长时间)苦干,辛勤工作
threshold /ˈθreʃhoʊld/ n. 界限;起点
pocket /ˈpɑːkɪt/ v. 把……放入口袋;赚取e.g.
boost /buːst/ v. 刺激增长,提高 (boost n.)e.g.
depression /dɪˈpreʃn/ n. 萧条,经济衰退
write of 以……为写作题材,写到
abundance /əˈbʌndəns/ n. 富裕;大量,充足
jump the gun 过早行动,抢先一步
angle for 谋取,博取
pessimistic /ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/ adj. 悲观的,悲观主义的 e.g.to take a pessimistic view of sth
timescale /ˈtaɪmskeɪl/ n. (事情发生或完成所需要的)时间,期限 e.g.the timescale for a project