读书笔记丨关于 玛丽·比尔德的 罗马元老院和人民：一部古罗马历史（Mary Beard,SPQR:A History of Ancient Rome）
2018/11/28C;2018/12/17ReadingFinished;Notes updated 2019/1/27;Notes Uncompleted;
INFORMATION
- title:SPQR A History of Ancient Rome
- Mary Beard
Notes
p184,Chpt 5
Almost any other ancient state in that position would have been forced to surrender
罗马人不吃“打不过就认怂”这种希腊世界的游戏规则
p187,Chpt 5
Unchecked competition eventually do more destroy than uphold to the Republic.
对此，Holland似乎也这样认为。它鼓励公民无休止地追求声名...孕育着自我瘫痪的种子（汤姆·霍兰德 卢比孔河Chpt1.）
p254,Chpt7
...the hallmark of Verres's behaviour,in Sicily and in his earlyier overseas postings,was a groteque combination of cruelty,greed and lust whether for women, cash or works of art.
而这，恰恰是罗马自身形象在其被征服地区的一个人格化的象征。这种披着官方身份的人，也正是罗马的帝国外衣。Beard也在随后继续表示:
This notorious case is just one of many controveries and dilemmas about Roman rule overseas that erupted during the last century of the Republic.
p257,ibid
为什么这些人在罗马就得小心翼翼如履薄冰为民尽心，在这些地方就敢随心所欲为所欲为呢？Beard也指出了原因：
...away from the watchful eyes of their peers in Rome...
因为在罗马，他们不得不接受罗马人民的监督，在被政府地区他们的权力则没有任何约束，他们无需对当地人负责。
who(西塞罗) seem to have speacialised in insulting the local residents...
就连我们现代人一贯认为是个“好人”（这种把历史人物简单划分为好人坏人的粗暴方法天真又危险）的西塞罗都是如此，那就不难想象其他更烂的苹果（作者语rotten apple）是如何飞扬跋扈的了。下面再看看我们一贯认为高尚的布鲁图斯又是如何，“这是那个布鲁图斯么？不会是同名同姓吧”我们简直要惊呼O tempora, O mores!了。
p260
...in 149BCE,a permanent criminal court had been established at Rome, with the main aim of giving foreignors compensation and the right of redress against extorition by their Roman rulers.
这个法庭能在多大程度上发挥过自己预期的作用呢？以至于西塞罗和G.格拉古会对自己“正直”的治理态度洋洋得意地拿出来自夸呢？
p263
One notorious case concered a senator...
Rutilius Rufus案
p268 From Empire To Emperors
In essence,the soldiers exchanged absolute loyality to their commander for the promise...
马略军改彻底改变了罗马军队的性质，也让罗马政治斗争由原来的“文斗”和以暗杀暴徒袭击为形式的“小武斗”上升到枪杆子争霸的“大武斗”。苏拉和恺撒后来带兵进罗马，没有这种士兵-将领人身依附关系的话是不可能的，在旧的罗马有地农民公民兵制度下也是不可想象的。
p269
Assemblies of the people repeatedly voted vast resourse to those...
一句话，正是人民自己一步步、一票票把精英斗争中最不择手段的获胜者抬上了独栽宝座。
p279
the city was overturned not when Caesar and Pompey fell out but when they beecame friends.
小加图一针见血由鞭辟入里地道出了三人帮建立的实质意义，其实就是把共和国“两架马车”的权力制衡构建彻底玩坏了。三人帮沆瀣一气，全国内还有谁能有人力、物力、财力作他们的竞争对手呢？它们是无节制的自由竞争最后形成的垄断权力的产物。
p289
Whichever side won,as Cicero again observed, the result was set to be much the same: the slavery for Rome.
如前所说，庞培也是个autocrat。西塞罗说的对，恺撒不过是个成功的庞培，而庞培也是个失败的恺撒，他们是一个硬币的两个面，独栽的王座，即使尤里乌斯不去坐，格涅乌斯也会坐。
