性取向真的有流动性吗？《Sexual Fluidity》为之正名
好書需分享，睜眼看世界
This book is dedicated to the 100 women who have so generously shared their stories with me.
感谢书中的100位女性，是她们的故事造就了这本书。
“2009年，美国心理学会（American Psychological Association）把它在性少数领域的杰出书目奖颁给了美国女性主义者、心理学家Lisa M. Diamond，因为她正式提出了“性流动性”（Sexual fluidity）这个概念。”
文段节选自原著，暂未发现有官方译本，如有错误，欢迎指正，沒有依據的主觀敵意言論請留在自己心中，謝謝。
虽然说她是正式提出流动性概念第一人，但其实类似的理论已经在学术研究中存在很久了，比如“性革命之父”金赛 Alfred Charles Kinsey 的性取向光谱理论。
The notion of sexual fluidity is not a new one. Rather, evidence for this phenomenon has circulated in the scientific literature for decades, though it has tended to be “submerged in the data rather than explicitly theorized.”
再比如1977年心理学家Erich Goode和Lynn Haber对自我认同为异性恋的女大学生们“探索性”同性行为的研究。
For example, in 1977 the psychologists Erich Goode and Lynn Haber published a study analyzing “experimental” same-sex behavior pursued by college women who identified themselves as heterosexual.
The poet Adrienne Rich was one of the first people to discuss fluidity’s specific relevance to female sexuality, and she took one of the broadest and most explicitly political perspectives on the issue. Rich argued that women throughout history and across a variety of different cultures had always managed to form intimate, emotionally primary ties to other women, despite the persistent efforts of male-dominated societies to rigidly channel them into heterosexual reproduction. Rich argued that all intense bonds between women, even if they were not explicitly sexual, occupied a “lesbian continuum” that ranged from purely emotional relationships to sexual liaisons. This model suggested that regardless of whether a woman currently experienced clear-cut same-sex desires, she maintained a capacity for diverse forms of same-sex intimacy and eroticism.
Adrienne Rich是一位女诗人同时也是第一个站出来讨论流动性和女性性取向的特殊相关性。她立场鲜明，即使在当时一个男性主导的社会环境下极力支持性流动性理论。她认为女性间的亲密关系不一定和性相关，但在“女同性恋的连续光谱”中一定占据一席之地。流动性这个概念正式踏上历史舞台。
The sociologist Vera Whisman conducted a comparison of lesbians’ and gay men’s personal understandings of the causes of their same-sex sexuality. She found that men were significantly more likely to view their sexuality as fixed and innate, whereas women more often acknowledged a role for specific relationships, choice, change, and circumstance.
社会学家Vera Whisman做了个实验：对比女同和男同对同性恋原因的个人理解。她发现男性更偏向于把自己的取向看成是固定的「fixed and innate」而女性觉得是根据特定的感情、抉择、改变和具体情况而定。
回到現在。心理学家Roy Baumeister提出了「plasticity」这个概念，并且是针对所有性恋。但其实学界对于各种学者提出来的概念和观点都是有人支持有人反对，总之就是乱七八糟，大家自己站队就好。
【流动性的存在】不等于【所有女性都是双性恋】
女性有不同的性取向，她们的性流动性程度也不同。
Does fluidity mean that all women are bisexual? No. Just as women have different sexual orientations, they have different degrees of sexual fluidity. Some women will experience relatively stable patterns of love and desire throughout their lives, while others will not. Currently, we simply do not know how many women fall into each group because a number of different factors determine whether a woman’s capacity for sexual fluidity will actually manifest itself.
【流动性的存在】不等于【否定性取向的存在】
Does fluidity mean that there is no such thing as sexual orientation? No. Fluidity can be thought of as an additional component of a woman’s sexuality that operates in concert with sexual orientation to influence how her attractions, fantasies, behaviors, and affections are experienced and expressed over the life course. Fluidity implies not that women’s desires are endlessly variable but that some women are capable of a wider variety of erotic feelings and experiences than would be predicted on the basis of their selfdescribed sexual orientation alone.
【流动性的存在】不等于【性取向可以改变】
Does sexual fluidity mean that sexual orientation can be changed? No. It simply means that a woman’s sexual orientation is not the only factor determining her attractions. A predominantly heterosexual woman might, at some point in time, become attracted to a woman, just as a predominantly lesbian woman might at some point become attracted to a man. Despite these experiences, the women’s overall orientation remains the same.
【存在即合理】
In short, women like Anne Heche, Cynthia Nixon, Julie Cypher, and Holly Near are not “noise in the data” on sexual orientation. Rather, they are the data with something important to tell us about the nature of female sexuality.
社会科学与学术研究最终都应该平民化为大众科普，推动社会进步。在我有限的观察范围内，关于流动性概念的讨论比之前多了很多，有讨论就说明有思考，作者一定很开心。之所以想要写这篇日记推荐这本书，就是因为看到很多LGBT性少数群体内部歧视链，甚至认为流动性只是某些人行骗的借口，这未免有失偏颇。波伏娃曾说女性这个性别身份不是天生而是这个社会赋予的，放在性取向议题的背景下讨论也同样适用。Patriarchy希望每一个个体都能像机器一样稳定运转，别捣乱。否定流动性的存在往深了说不就是在否定多元化的必要性吗？
很感谢分享这本书给我的网友，让我对性学领域研究的兴趣上升了一个台阶。
