精读40：Who's who||真假难辨
第40篇精读
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每周星期二和星期五更新
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- 第二遍阅读英语原文，记下不清楚的地方（单词、短语、长难句和理解难点等），然后带着这些问题阅读随后的精读注解
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*精读笔记尽可能详细，让读有所获
语篇导读：这是一篇夹叙夹议的记叙文。文章先下笔议论大学生喜欢戏弄人，制造大家觉得可笑的局面，但受害人却深受其“害”。然后，列举一名大学生戏弄两名工人和警察的例子，过程滑稽，但他们却双双陷入这场骗局。
精读原文
It has never been explained why university students seem to enjoy practical jokes more than anyone else. Students specialize in a particular type of practical joke: the hoax. Inviting the fire brigade to put out a nonexistent fire is a crude form of deception which no self-respecting student would ever indulge in. Students often create amusing situations which are funny to everyone except the victims.
When a student recently saw two workmen using a pneumatic drill outside his university, he immediately telephoned the police and informed them that two students dressed up as workmen were tearing up the road with a pneumatic drill. As soon as he had hung up, he went over to the workmen and told them that if a policeman ordered them to go away, they were not to take him seriously. He added that a student had dressed up as a policeman and was playing all sorts of silly jokes on people. Both the police and the workmen were grateful to the student for this piece of advance information.
The student hid in an archway nearby where he could watch and hear everything that went on. Sure enough, a policeman arrived on the scene and politely asked the workmen to go away. When he received a very rude reply from one of the workmen. He threatened to remove them by force. The workmen told him to do as he pleased and the policeman telephoned for help. Shortly afterwards, four more policemen arrived and remonstrated with the workmen. As the men refused to stop working, the police attempted to seize the pneumatic drill. The workmen struggled fiercely and one of them lost his temper. He threatened to call the police. At this, the police pointed out ironically that this would hardly be necessary as the men were already under arrest. Pretending to speak seriously, one of the workmen asked if he might make a telephone call before being taken to the station. Permission was granted and a policeman accompanied him to a pay phone. Only when he saw that the man was actually telephoning the police did he realize that they had all been the victims of a hoax.
精读注解：
Who's who：根据本文可知，工人和警察都被一名大学生戏弄了，因此表示“真假难辨”。
①It has never been explained whyuniversity students seem to enjoy practical jokes more than anyone else.②Students specialize in a particular type of practical joke: the hoax.③Inviting the fire brigade to put out a nonexistent fireis a crude form of deception which no self-respecting student would ever indulge in.④Students often create amusing situations which are funny to everyone except the victims.
语篇导读：本段议论大学生喜欢戏弄人的特点。①②没有人明白为什么大学生更喜欢恶作剧，尤其是戏弄人；③④他们会制造可笑的场面，让受害人深感愤怒。
- practical joke：A practical joke is a trick that is intended to embarrass someone or make them look ridiculous. 恶作剧，如：Many of the early MIT hacks tended to be practical jokes. 很多早期麻省理工的黑客做这些只是为了好玩。
- 【难句解析】It has never been explained why university students seem to enjoy practical jokes more than anyone else.本句的It是形式主语，逻辑主语是why引导的从句，避免头重脚轻。
- specialize in：to become an expert in a particular area of work, study or business; to spend more time on one area of work, etc. than on others专门研究（或从事）；专攻，如：He specialized in criminal law. 他专攻刑法。
- hoax/həʊks/：an act intended to make sb believe sth that is not true, especially sth unpleasant 骗局；恶作剧，如：an elaborate hoax 精心设计的骗局
- 【一词多义】put out：①If you feel put out, you feel annoyed or upset.生气的; 心烦的，如：I did not blame him for feeling put out. 我不是因为生气而责怪他。②If you put out a fire, candle, or cigarette, you make it stop burning. 熄灭，如：Firemen tried to free the injured and put out the blaze. 消防员们竭力救出伤者，扑灭大火。③publish发布，如：The government has put out a statement.政府发表了一份声明。
- deception /dɪ'sepʃən/：the act of deliberately making someone believe something that is not true欺骗（行为），如：He was convicted of obtaining money by deception . 他被判犯有诈骗钱财罪。
- self-respecting：having pride in yourself because you believe that what you do is right and good 有自尊心的，自重的，如：No self-respecting journalist would ever work for that newspaper. 凡有自尊心的记者都不会为那家报纸工作。
- indulge/ɪn'dʌldʒ/：~ in sth/~ yourself (with sth) to allow yourself to have or do sth that you like, especially sth that is considered bad for you沉湎，沉迷，沉溺（于…），如：They went into town to indulge in some serious shopping. 他们进城去大肆购物。
- Inviting the fire brigade to put out a nonexistent fire：动名词短语，作主语
- victim/'vɪktɪm/：A victim is someone who has been hurt or killed.受害者，如：Statistically our chances of being the victims of violent crime are remote. 从统计上来看，我们成为暴力犯罪受害者的可能性是微乎其微的。
谁也弄不清为什么大学生好像比任何人都更喜欢恶作剧。大学生擅长一种特殊的恶作剧——戏弄人。请消防队来扑灭一场根本没有的大火是一种低级骗局，有自尊心的大学生决不会去做。大学生们常常做的是制造一种可笑的局面，使大家笑上一场，当然受害者是笑不出来的。
①When a student recently saw two workmen using a pneumatic drill outside his university, he immediately telephoned the police and informed them that two students dressed up as workmen were tearing up the road with a pneumatic drill.②As soon as he had hung up, he went over to the workmen and told them that if a policeman ordered them to go away, they were not to take him seriously.③He added that a student had dressed up as a policeman and was playing all sorts of silly jokes on people.④Both the police and the workmen were grateful tothe student forthis piece of advance information.
语篇导读：本段举例论述首段观点。①②③一名大学生报警称两名学生装扮成风钻工人破坏路面，然后告诉两名工人会有学生扮成的警察过来驱赶，但不需要理会；④风钻工人和警察都信以为真，纷纷表示感谢。恶作剧已拉开序幕。
- pneumatic/njuː'mætɪk/：worked by air under pressure由压缩空气操作的；气动的；风动的，如：pneumatic tools 风动工具
- drill/drɪl/：a tool or machine used for making holes in something钻；钻床，钻机，如：an electric drill 电钻
- dress up as：装扮成，如：That weekend, we dressed up as superheros for Halloween.那周末的万圣节，我们扮成了超级英雄。
- 【难句解析】…they were not to take him seriously：①【熟词僻义】take: to accept or choose something that is offered, suggested, or given to you接受〔某人给的东西、提议等〕，表示对人、对事物的态度和反应。如：Liz found his criticisms hard to take . 利兹觉得他的批评很难接受。②be to do sth.表示按计划或安排将要做某事，如：We are to leave school.我们将要离开学校。
- silly/'sɪlɪ/：showing a lack of thought, understanding or judgement愚蠢的；不明事理的；没头脑的；傻的，如：Her work is full of silly mistakes. 她满篇都是愚蠢的错误。
- be grateful to sb. for (doing) sth.：因（做）某事而感谢某人，如：I am grateful to you for helping me with my homework.
- advance：（形容词）Advance booking, notice, or warning is done or given before an event happens.事先的（预定、通知、警告等），如：They don't normally give any advance notice about which building they're going to inspect.他们对要视察哪座大楼通常不作事先通知。
最近有个学生看见两个工人在大学校门外用风钻干活，马上打电话报告警察，说有两个学生装扮成工人，正在用风钻破坏路面。挂上电话后，他又马上来到工人那儿，告诉他们若有个警察来让他们走开，不要把他当回事；还对工人说，有个学生常装扮成警察无聊地同别人开玩笑。警察与工人都对那个学生事先通报情况表示感谢。
①The student hid in an archway nearby where he could watch and hear everything that went on.②Sure enough, a policeman arrived on the scene and politely asked the workmen to go away.③When he received a very rude reply from one of the workmen.④He threatened to remove them by force.⑤The workmen told him to do as he pleased and the policeman telephoned for help.⑥Shortly afterwards, four more policemen arrived and remonstrated with the workmen.⑦As the men refused to stop working, the police attempted to seize the pneumatic drill.⑧The workmen struggled fiercely and one of them lost his temper.⑨He threatened to call the police.⑩At this, the police pointed out ironically that this would hardly be necessary as the menwere already under arrest. ⑪Pretending to speak seriously, one of the workmen asked if he might make a telephone call before being taken to the station.⑫Permission was granted and a policeman accompanied him to a pay phone.⑬Only whenhe saw that the man was actually telephoning the police did he realize that they had all been the victims of a hoax.
语篇导读：本段承接第二段，记叙恶作剧的铺开。①大学生躲在门廊观察；②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩警察和工人之间的交锋。双方的态度都不友好，最后工人发火了，威胁要叫警察；⑪⑫⑬工人装腔作调问是否可以先给警察打个电话，之后，他们才发现，这是一场恶作剧。
- archway/'ɑːtʃweɪ/：a passage or entrance under an arch or arches拱廊，拱道；拱门，如：He was standing in the archway outside the club. 他站在俱乐部外的拱廊里。
- by force：介词短语，作状语，指“用武力，暴力”。如：He can recognise a despot, and the occasions when despotism has to be checked, by force if necessary. 他能够一眼识破专制的表象，以及这种专制应该何时有必要使用武力加以控制。
- as he pleased：其后省略了to do，作方式状语从句，译为“随他的便”。*as one’s please：随某人的便，如：You can walk as your please.你可以随便走走。
- remonstrate/'remənstreɪt/：~ (with sb) (about sth) ( formal )to protest or complain about sth/sb 抗议；抱怨；埋怨；规劝，告诫，如：My parents remonstrated with me about my bad habits.我的父母规劝我改掉我的恶习。
- ironically/aɪ'rɒnɪklɪ/：in a way that shows you really mean the opposite of what you are saying反讽地，讽刺地，如：‘Oh, no problem!’ said Terry, ironically. “哦，没问题！”特里挖苦道。
- be under arrest：被拘留，被逮捕，如：Tom is under arrest for thieving.汤姆因盗窃而被逮捕。
- 【熟词僻义】station：a place or building where a service is organized and provided or a special type of work is done站；所；局，如：a police station 警察局；a gas station 加油站
- 【难句解析】Pretending to speak seriously, one of the workmen asked if he might make a telephone call before being taken to the station.①Pretending to speak seriously：现在分词短语作状语，与主语one of the workmen存在主动关系；②before是介词，因此beingtaken…是动名词taking的被动语态。
- 【语法小学堂】在after、before、since等介词之后不能直接跟过去分词，而需要用“being +过去分词”或“having been + 过去分词”，如：After being informed the flight would be delayed, we made other arrangement.在我们得知飞机要延迟起飞后，我们另作安排。
- permission /pə'mɪʃən/：the act of allowing sb to do sth, especially when this is done by sb in a position of authority准许；许可；批准，如：You must ask permission for all major expenditure. 一切重大开支均须报请批准。
- grant/grɑːnt/：to agree to give sb what they ask for, especially formal or legal permission to do sth（尤指正式地或法律上）同意，准予，允许，如：The bank finally granted a ￡500 loan to me. 银行终于同意给我贷款500英镑。
- Only when…did he realize that…：只有当……才……；直到……才……。Only是副词，起强调作用，only+状语从句放在句首，主句要用倒装。如：Only when you take responsibility can you look beyond yourself and be a model for others.一个人只有承担起责任，才能超越自己，成为他人的模范。*否定副词置于句首需要倒装的情况，可参考Lesson 39_The Westhaven Express
那个学生躲在附近一拱形的门廊里，在那儿可以看见、听到现场发生的一切。果然，警察来了，不礼貌地请工人离开此地；但其中一个工人粗鲁地回了几句。于是警察威胁要强行使他们离开。工人说，悉听尊便。警察去打电话叫人。一会儿工夫，又来了4个警察，规劝工人离开。由于工人拒绝停下手中的活，警察想夺风钻。两个工人奋力抗争，其中一个发了火，威胁说要去叫警察。警察听后讥讽地说，这大可不必，因为他俩已被逮捕了。其中一个工人装模作样地问道，在被带往警察局之前，是否可以打一个电话。警察同意了，陪他来到一个投币地电话前。当他看到那个工人真的是给警察挂电话，才恍然大悟，原来他们都成一场骗局的受害者。
Summary writing：(last paragraph)
用不多于80个单词描述学生躲在附近一拱形的门廊里的所见所闻。（摘自新概念英语教师用书新版3）
When a policeman arrived, he asked the workmen to go away.Later four more policemen arrived. The workmen still refused to stop and the pilice threatened to confiscate their pneumatic drill. One workman then threatened to call the police, which was silly because they were already under asset. When another workman asked to make a telephone call, a policeman accompanied him to a phone. The workman actually rang the police and they realized they had been victims of a hoax.
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