190807学习札记

1. 中华思想文化术语| “婉约派”英语怎么说？

婉约派Wanyue School / Graceful and Restrained School

引例CITATIONS

至论其词，则有婉约者，有豪放者。婉约者欲其辞情蕴藉，豪放者欲其气 象恢弘，盖虽各因其质，而词贵感人，要当以婉约为正。 （徐师曾《文体明辨序说》） （至于说到词，则有婉约风格的，有豪放风格的。婉约词其词句和情感追求 含蓄而有意蕴，豪放词则追求气魄和境界宏大壮阔。这虽然是词作者的气质 不同所致，但是词讲究以情动人，大体还是应该以婉约为正宗。）Some ci lyrics are graceful and restrained, and some are bold and exuberant. The former are written in a nuanced way, whereas the latter are powerful and unrestrained. This difference is due to different temperament of poets. But ci lyrics are about expressing one’s nuanced feelings, so the graceful and restrained school is representative of ci lyrics. (XuShizeng: A Collection of Introductory Remarks on Various Styles)

易安为婉约主, 幼安为豪放主, 此论非明代诸公所及。 （沈曾植《菌阁琐谈》） （李清照是婉约词第一人，辛弃疾是豪放词第一人，这一见解明代诸位评论 家并未提及。）Li Qingzhao was the best ci poetess of the graceful and restrained school, whereas Xin Qiji was the best of the bold and exuberant school. This view, important as it is, was not mentioned by literary critics of the Ming Dynasty. (Shen Zengzhi: Random Notes on Ci Lyrics from the Junge Studio)

2. 翻译辨误| 四年前还是四年后？

原文：After four years in a high school, where he had shown special talent in mathematics, he began to study accounting at night session of the City University of New York, earning his tuition during the day time.

原译：在一所中学学习了四年之后，他在那里表现出数学方面的特殊天才，他开始在纽约市立大学夜校学财会，白天则赚自己的学费。

可改译为：他在一所中学上了四年学，在数学上表现出颇有天赋，然后进入纽约市立大学夜间部学习会计学，白天则打工挣钱交学费。

before / after用于指时间当然是“在……之前／后”的意思，但是在翻译时要灵活处理，不一定总是译为“在……之前／后”，比如：He went to Africa before he reached Italy. 可以译为“他在到达意大利之前先去了非洲”，也可以译为“他先去了非洲，然后才到达意大利”，后者更通顺。

下面几句的翻译则需要做些改变才更符合汉语的习惯用法：

Look before you leap.三思而后行。（字面原意为“看清楚了再跳。”)

Everything is difficult before they are easy.万事开头难。

Take the warning I sent you before it is too late.赶紧按照我提醒你的那样办，否则就来不及了。

I would rather die before I steal.我宁死不偷／死也不会偷。

3. 容易误译的英语| soldier of fortune 雇佣兵，（到军队寻欢作乐的）冒险家

［例句］　Andy is really a soldier of fortune.

［误译］　安迪确实是个幸运的战士。

［原意］　安迪确实是个冒险家。

［说明］　soldier of fortune（口语）意为“雇佣兵”、“（到军队寻欢作乐的）冒险家”。

4. 美国习惯用语| go over like a lead balloon 某人的主张和建议不受欢迎

Our friends didn't know that my wife is not a nature lover until they invited us to go camping for the weekend. They realized their idea went go over like a lead balloon after she told them she had no intention of sleeping on the ground in a tent. Finally, we decided we'd go to a fancy resort instead. 几个朋友请我和我妻子周末一起去露营。他们可不知道我的妻子并不喜欢到野外去活动。 直到我妻子告诉他们她不想在帐篷里打地铺的时候，他们才意识到露营的想法不受欢迎。最后，我们决定不去露营而去一个豪华的渡假村。

Once it was popular to name sports teams after Native Americans, like the Chiefs or the Redskins. But if you tried that these days, you'd find the suggestion would go over like a lead balloon. To many people, it's too insulting because it encourages negative stereotypes of Native Americans as violent.

以前用美国印第安人的名称来命名球队是很时兴的，比如酋长队或是红人队。可是如果你现在还想这么作，你就会发现这种想法是不受欢迎的。 对许多人来说，这样做会加强人们对印第安人的固定看法，认为他们是倾向于使用暴力的，这是污辱。