Oral presentation(1) - Reading the manuscript
Preparation prior to the oral presentation of a paper at an international academic conference cannot be overstressed. One of the practical and effective ways of preparation is the reading of manuscript. Professional [a[ers tend to contain many difficult and complicated expressions such as mathematical expression, chemical equations Latin word, technical terms and long sentences. Manuscript reading prior to the conference proves helpful for overcoming such language barriers.
Chemical formulae（化学方程式）
As to chemical formulae, their reading follows certain rules. For example,
→: produce / form / yield
↑: release
+: and
↓:sediment
......
There are generally two ways to express the chemical sus=bstance in English: One is reading the individual alphabet letter and number; the other is reading its English name. The latter way of reading is especially practical in ral presentation.
Example 1:
It can be read as: two potassium chlorate(KClO3), in the presence of a mangenese dioxide (MnO2) catalyst on heating, forms two potassium chloride (KCl) and three oxygen (O2).
Example 2
It can be read as: When ammonnium hydroxide (NH4OH) is added to a solution of aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), alumninum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) and ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) are formed.
Frequently used Latin abbreviations（拉丁缩略词）
et al. : and others
etc. : and so forth
e.g. : for example
i.q. : the same as
i.e. : that is (to say); namely
v.i. : see below
v.s. : see above; look at anearlier place in a book
Parentheses / Brackerts（括号）
Parentheses / Brackerts in writtern papers are usually used to explain the previous expressions.
Example
In the experiment mentioned above, we examined th ematerial and all the physical quantities (temperature, pressure, specific weight. etc.) were obtained.
In this case, it is advisable to adopt the following transitional phrase to replace the brackets:
..., which include(s)...
..., which are / is...
..., in which are / is...
..., from which we obtain...
..., that is...
..., including...
..., that means...
..., please see...
..., as indicated in...
..., such as...
..., namely...
Quatation marks（引号）
Quatation marks may function as reference for citation, emphasis, special meaning, etc.
Example 1
The resonance is an extra tunneling channel, or "window", in the barrier.Tunneling electrons with total energy E + Er will always be able to see the "window", but do not necessarily exit through it.
The "window" in the first sentence contains a special meaning that refers to the tunneling channel. In this case, some expaining expressions might be added to replace or to make the sentence clearer such as "we might as well call it...", "which may as well be called" . As for the second "window", only a stress on the article "the" before the word is enough and explanation can be omitted due to the previous one.
Thus it can be read as: In the barrier, the resonance is an extra tunneling channel, which may as well be called a "window". Tunneling electrons with total energy E plus E sub r will always be able to see the "window", but do not necessarily exit through it.
Example 2
The "head-to-foot" erection they began to practice in the early 1970s has now been adopted worldwide.
"head-to-foot" erection is specially used to refer to a kind of installation method. It can be read as: The so called "head-to-foot" erection they began to practice in the early 1970s has now been adopted worldwide.
Dash（破折号）
A dash is usually used for supplementation or explanation of what is mentioned previously.
Example
In the context of discussing properties of solution of defferent equations, the scattering wave function should not be given in closed form. Its definition—a particular solution of Schrodinger's differential equation—then is the optimal form.
It can be read as: In the context of discussing properties of solution of defferent equations, the scattering wave function should not be given in closed form. Its definition, which is a particular solution of Schrodinger's differential equation, then is the optimal form.
Source:
胡庚申(2013)：《国际会议交流》，外语教学与研究出版社
