#一地# 003 Madagascar 马达加斯加岛

Madagascar 马达加斯加岛


马达加斯加共和国(The Republic of Madagascar),简称马达加斯加,别称有“牛的王国”。是位于印度洋西部的非洲岛国,隔莫桑比克海峡与非洲大陆相望。
古老而原始
马达加斯加也是全世界最古老的岛屿,从非洲大陆分离后孤悬海上至今,已经有8000多万年了,岛上的动植物在完全封闭的情况下单独进化,使得马岛80%以上的动植物都是独有的,这里也是生物多样性的热点地区。这些独特的动植物也是吸引游客来马岛参观的重要原因。
Consequently(因此), Madagascar is a biodiversity(生物多样性) hotspot; over 90% of its wildlife is found nowhere else on Earth. The island's diverse ecosystems and unique wildlife are threatened by the encroachment( 侵入 ) of the rapidly growing human population and other environmental threats.
马达加斯加是人类定居最晚的主要陆地,大概在公元前350年开始,才有人类到达这里并居住,此前马达加斯加是完全未被人类涉足的处女地。
Until the late 18th century, the island of Madagascar was ruled by a fragmented assortment of shifting sociopolitical alliances(各种支离破碎的社会政治联盟). Beginning in the early 19th century, most of the island was united and ruled as the Kingdom of Madagascar by a series of Merina nobles(贵族). The monarchy(君主政治) ended in 1897 when the island was absorbed into the French colonial(殖民) empire, from which the island gained independence in 1960. The autonomous state of Madagascar has since undergone four major constitutional periods(此后经历了四个主要的宪法时期), termed republics. Since 1992, the nation has officially been governed as a constitutional democracy from its capital at Antananarivo(塔那那利佛).
地理特征
全岛由火山岩构成。马达加斯加岛的地形共分五种:1、中部为海拔1000-2000米的中央高原地区,错落分布着平原、山丘、群山和盆地;2、东部为宽度25-100公里起伏不平的山坡地形;3、西部为平原和高原地区,地形起伏较缓;4、南部主要是平原,地形较为平缓;5、北部以盆地为主,地形复杂,系火山及喀斯特地貌,察腊塔纳山海拔2876米,为全国最高峰。马达加斯加岛中部是高原和山脉,所以岛的东部可以接受到印度洋的水汽,常年湿润成为热带雨林,而西部因为在背雨带,所以干旱,只在雨季的时候才会有降水。
the world's 2nd largest island country.

