课堂材料 2
材料依然来自Onism童鞋。
城市是有生命的。地名便有了生命的意义，也就是有着和生命一样丰富和深刻的含义。如果此地有个性而非凡的文化，这地名便是对这文化的命名。比如扬州和扬州画派，苏州和苏州园林，上海与海派文化，法兰克福与法兰克福学派，佛罗伦萨与整个文艺复兴运动。城市成了一种文化的属性。如果这些城市随随便便换去了名字，你说它失去的是什么？
A city is not lifeless. That’s why its name carries rich and profound connotations. The unique and splendid culture of a city is routinely named after the city’s name, such as the Yangzhou Painting School, the classic gardens of Suzhou, Haipai culture in Shanghai, the Frankfurt School and Florence as the birthplace of the Renaissance. In these cases, all cities carry the weight of culture. Once renamed for flimsy ground, they will become culturally rootless.
我把前两句变作了：A city is not lifeless. That's why its name too carries a meaning rich and profound as life.
讨论中，Onism自己提出了第一句使用vitality这个词。The vitality of a city explains why...
我认为可以写作：A city is not lifeless. That's why its name too carries a rich and profound vitality.
Onism提问：rich和profound会不会重复？我感觉还好。
named after the city's name改为named after the city.
A city is not lifeless. That’s why its name too carries a rich and profound vitality. The unique and splendid culture of a city is routinely named after the city, such as the Yangzhou Painting School, the classic gardens of Suzhou, Haipai culture in Shanghai, the Frankfurt School and Florence as the birthplace of the Renaissance. In these cases, all cities carry the weight of culture. Once renamed for flimsy ground, they will become culturally rootless.
一个地方自有地名才算是真正的诞生。此前只是人的一种自然和原始的聚落。地名是城市生命的起点。此后，这些城市发生了一切一切，包括它的成败荣辱和曲折坎坷，全都无形地积淀在这看似只有几个字的地名里。这一切一切，还渐渐地在这地名里形成它独具的历史文化。只要走出这地名一步，就不再属于这独特的历史文化了。
A place is but a primitive tribe before it is given a name. The life of a city begins with a name. All stories of a city, ups and downs or twists and turns, boil down to its name and develop its distinctive history and culture.
我：第一句话是a place is a tribe，似乎不太符合逻辑，提议onism添加habitat一词。再者，前两句话可以合并一下，更加紧凑。故作 A place is but a habitat for primitive tribes before it is given a name, with which begins the life of a city.
我：All stories ... boil down to its name奇怪，并建议ups and downs or twists and turns前添加be they.后大改为：Everything that's happened there, be it ups and downs or twists and turns, is all captured in the city's name. Capture这一动词为Onism自己提出，我原本给的是wrapped.
我：看似只有几个字没有翻译。
Onism：添加short.
我改：Everything that's happened there, be it ups and downs or twists and turns, is all captured in the city's name, and the name, though normally short and simple, would in turn remind people of the city's unique history and culture.
Onism提出“只要走出这地名一步……”这一句还是否需要翻译，我觉得可以不要了，是前一句的反义重复强调。
A place is but a habitat for primitive tribes before it is given a name, with which begins the life of a city. Everything that's happened there, be it ups and downs or twists and turns, is all captured in the city's name, and the name, though normally short and simple, would in turn remind people of the city's unique history and culture.
地名中又潜在一种凝聚力，亲和力，还有复杂的情感。当然，历史上地名的更换也是很多。但这些地名的改变，大多由于政治变迁，改朝换代。更改地名，总是为了表明“改天换地”，绝非从文化考虑。然而，正是出于这种无意中的惯性--这个非文化的传统，使得我们对地名的文化价值与精神价值缺乏认识。
Cohesion, a natural affinity and complex feelings are written in place names. To be true, there are numerous cases of renaming through the history. Most of them, however, are the result of political turmoil and regime change. Geographical nomenclature is routinely for political but cultural reasons. That being said, the habitual ignorance of cultural factors has left us unaware of the cultural and spiritual importance of place names.
我：Cohesion, a natural affinity and OTHER complex feelings are written in place names. 提议written in改为attached to，Onism坚持written in，并说在外刊见过。
我：To be true应该是to be sure才对。Onism改正。
我：political but cultural reasons不对，but应该是not. Geographical nomenclature is routinely for political, not cultural reasons. 或者instead of/rather than都行。夸Onism词汇量大。
我：That being said逻辑不对。虽然汉语是“然而”，但逻辑上并没有转折。
Onism：的确没有转折。
Cohesion, a natural affinity and other complex feelings are written in place names. To be sure, there are numerous cases of renaming through the history. Most of them, however, are the result of political turmoil and regime change. Geographical nomenclature is routinely for political instead of cultural reasons. As a result, our habitual ignorance of cultural factors has left us unaware of the cultural and spiritual importance of place names.
地名是一个地域文化的载体，一种特定文化的象征，一种牵动乡土情怀的称谓。故而改名易名当慎，切勿轻率待之。无论是城名，还是街名，特别是在当今“城改”狂潮中，历史街区大片铲去，地名便成了一息尚存的历史。倘再将地名删去，历史便会彻底荡然一空。 （冯骥才：地名的意义）
As a carrier of local culture, a place name is a certain culture incarnate and serves as an emotional trigger. As such, discretion must be shown when re-branding a place. Many historic streets and communities were destroyed to make way for aggressive urban gentrification. In this context, we have no alternative but to soak up the past richness via place names, be they cities’ names or streets’ ones. That helps explain why the history will be lost for good when place names are removed.
我：乡土情怀译作an emotional trigger太模糊，改为a trigger of homesickness.
我：discretion must be shown when re-branding a place. 是悬垂结构，rebrand的逻辑主语不是discretion，改为 discretion must be shown when a place is re-branded.
我：historic最好改作historical. were最好改为完成时。destroyed改为demolished.
我：cities’ names or streets’ ones有问题，改为 cities’ or streets’. 该句和后面that helps explains连接很差，建议恢复中文语序，衔接更好。And if these names ...
As a carrier of local culture, a place name is a certain culture incarnate and serves as a trigger of homesickness. As such, discretion must be shown when a place is re-branded. Many historical streets and communities have been demolished to make way for aggressive urban gentrification. In this context, we have no alternative but to soak up the past richness via place names, be they cities’ or streets’. And if these names were all removed, the history would be lost for good.
