抽象词汇
impart v. bestow, leave, pass on
This surge in gas content causes loss of "head," or pressure inside a pump, with the result that a pump can no longer impart enough energy to transport the crude mixture through the pipeline to the shore.
indeterminate = equivocal = ambiguous
bound v. to set limits to : CONFINE
judges writing subsequent opinions, although unlikely to dispute the decision itself, are not bound by the original judges's perception of what was essential to the decision.
lend credence
echelon
a group of individuals at a particular level or grade in an organization or field of activity, "the upper echelons of management"
fringe, edge
Studies focusing on the upper echelon of "learned" medicine, for example, tend to exclude healers on the legal and social fringes of medical practice, where most women would have been found.
appreciable, large or important enough to be noticed = considetable
headway, advancement, forward movement
Here the impetus to protest is identified as gains achieved during the premovement period, coupled with simultaneously failure to make any appreciable headway relative to the dominant group.
entrench
fix firmly or securely
upheaval，disorder, disruption，剧变 in general
a state of violent disturbance and disorder (as in politics or social conditions generally)
flesh out 具体化 , alter, modify, clarify
Transcribed narratives in which an editor explicitly delimits his role undoubtedly many be regarded as more authentic and flective of the narrator's thought in action than those edited works that flesh out a statement of facts in ways unaccounted for.
frustrate vt. 使不成功, 挫败, 阻止
Reform was frustrated both by the vested interests of lawyers and by the profession's reverence for tradition and precedents.
favorable adj. tending to promote or facilitate, marked by success, giving a result that is in one's favor
When success is possibly only if a circumstance beyond one's control is favorable, then one's strategy must be based on th assumption that this circumstance is in fact favorable.
