【Jordan Peterson】男女差异 讲座笔记

What is the different thing between men and women?

男女之间有什么不同？

The first thing we might observe is that if you look at the personality differences between prepubescent boys and girls, they are not very large. Boys and girls don’t differ in terms of their trait neuroticism for example. What happens is that when puberty kicks in, women’s trait neuroticism rises, and it stays higher than men for the rest of their life. And this is why you see this reflected in the different kinds of psychopathology that we set the two sexes.

我们观察到的第一件事是，如果你观察青春期前的男孩和女孩之间的性格差异，它并不是很大。例如，男孩和女孩在情绪稳定方面没有差异。但当青春期开始时，女性的情绪会更不稳定，并且在后半生中都比男性神经质。这点在两性的精神病理学差异上会反映出来。

So men are over-represented in alcoholism, drug abuse antisocial personality, and a host of learning disorders as well as an attention deficit disorder. Women are over-represented in depression and anxiety primarily, primarily. That seems to be tightly associated with higher levels of trait neuroticism.

男性多数表现为酗酒，滥用毒品、反社会人格、大量学习障碍以及注意力缺陷障碍。而女性、多数则表现为抑郁症和焦虑症。这两点和高神经质特质有很大的关系。

Because maybe if you’re at the 95th percentile or higher let’s say in trait neuroticism, there isn’t much difference between that and being somewhat prone to depression and anxiety. And because the curves overlap, the curves are identical, the normal distributions are identical for men and women, you tilt the women’s curve to the right towards higher levels of neuroticism. And you go out and you look for the person in 20 who has the highest levels of negative emotion, it is much more likely to be female than male.

如果你比95％的人都更神经质，那么这和有抑郁和焦虑倾向并没有太大的区别。而因为这些曲线互相重叠，男女的正态分布相同，因此可以将女性曲线向右倾斜以达到更高的神经质指数水平上。于是你发现，20来岁中负面情绪最高的人，更可能是女性，而不是男性。

Okay so let’s see if we can figure out why. So we are going to tell you something basic differences between men and women. And you can tell me what you think about it if you agree or disagree.

让我们看看是否可以找出原因。首先，我们要讲男女之间最根本的差异。如果你同意或不同意，你可以告诉我你的想法。

First, size differential emerges between men and women at puberty. Because boys and girls are roughly the same size and roughly the same strength. But men get bigger at puberty when testosterone kicks in. And more importantly not only do they get taller and heavier, but their upper body strength is much higher, and that is a real issue for combat. Because human beings punch, there is other animals to do that kangaroos do that too. So we are not the only people that punch, but we have clubs on the ends of our arms, and so that’s how we defend ourselves. And so if you have a lot of upper body strength especially you show across the shoulders. And you are heavier then you can step into the punch and it is lot more devastating.

首先，在青春期的男女会出现身体体格的大小差异。因为男孩和女孩的身材和力量大致同等。但是，男性的睾酮激素会在青春期上升。更重要的是，他们不仅越来越高，越来越重，而且上半身的力量也越来越高，这是一个对的战斗力影响很大的因素。因为人类会出拳猛击，其他动物比如袋鼠也可以这样做。因此，我们并不是唯一个会拳打脚踢的生物。但是我们还有手肘的力量，这就是我们捍卫自己的方式。因此，如果你的上半身力量特别强大，那么你的肩膀就可以显露出来，而且如果你体重大，然后就可以承受重击，这是更加具有毁灭性的。

Now it is the case that if you look at the statistics for physical altercations in marriage, women attack their husbands more often than husbands attack the wives.

但如果你查看婚姻中肢体冲突的统计数据，女性攻击丈夫的频率要高于丈夫攻击妻子的频率。

Why is that? Well, let’s assume that there isn’t any reason other than both people in a relationship can get upset, and the women know that if they hit their husbands, nothing’s really going to happen. Because if you’re a woman about that high, and your husband to say my height. Unless you hit me with an object or something that’s sharp, the probability that you’re going to do me any serious damage is low, you might hurt me.

这是为什么？好吧，让我们假设除了恋爱关系中的两个人都会变得情绪激动以外没有其他原因的话，那么这些女人知道如果她们撞到了丈夫其实什么都不会发生。因为，如果你是个高个子的女人，而你丈夫和我的身高差不多，除非你用锋利的物体或尖锐物品击打我，否则你对我造成严重伤害的可能性很低，否则的话就可能会伤害我。

But if I do the reverse and hit you and I really hit you, and do the reason at least one of the reasons why women can be more physically aggressive in minor ways in a relationship is that because everyone knows the wife and the husband equally that the consequence of the physical aggression is much more limited.So man do more serious damage to women, but women are more aggressive in relationships. So that’s interesting. So there’s a body size differences that’s important to strength differential that’s important.

但是，如果我反过来打你，而我真的全力打你？所以为什么女性在恋爱中更会轻微使用肢体暴力的原因之一，是因为在通常男女肢体强度的比例下，女性进行身体侵略的后果会很有限。因此，虽然男人对女人的肢体伤害更大更严重，但是女人在现实中上更具有攻击性。这很有趣。因此，身体的大小差异对力量的差异，这点很重要。

Next thing I think, so let’s assume that the reason that women are higher in sensitivity to negative emotion is this because the world is more dangerous to women. Right? Could that would be the most logical reason. Why there would be a sex difference in something like fear or sensitivity to punishment.

接下来，我想，让我们假设女性对负面情绪的敏感性更高的原因是因为——世界对女性而言更加危险。是的，这可能是最合乎逻辑的原因——为什么在恐惧、或对惩罚的敏感度上会有性别差异。

First, there is the danger of physical altercation. Second, there is the sexual danger. So, women become sexually vulnerable at puberty. And why do I say vulnerable, it is straightforward. It is because the cost sex for women is way higher than it is for men, or it certainly has been throughout our evolutionary history.

首先，存在“肢体暴力”的危险。其次，存在“性方面”的危险。女性在青春期更加脆弱，易受性的伤害。为什么我说脆弱？这很简单。这是因为女性的性生活成本，要比男性高得多，这在我们的进化史中一直存在。

Because it a man has an unwanted sexual encounter, well then, he walks away. And maybe he’s persecuted by the state or prosecuted by the state for it. But if a woman has an unwanted unwarranted or incautious sexual encounter, and she ends up pregnant. Then well, in traditional societies that’s you’re just done and even in modern societies that are rich like ours, I don’t have to go into that. It’s a big trouble. No matter what you do about it, it is a big trouble. So being more nervous about that makes perfect sense but then here’s the last thing.

因为如果一个男人参与了非自愿性接触行为后，他只需要扭头走开。也许他以后受到政府的通缉或因法律而受到起诉处决。但是，如果女人参与了不想要的、不必要的、或不小心的性接触行为，她最终就会怀孕，那么，在传统社会中她就完了。哪怕在像我们这样发达的现代社会中，我也不必深入这一点、细解释，它也是个麻烦。无论你做什么，这都是一个大麻烦。因此，女性对性行为感到更加紧张是完全有道理的。

I think, that women’s nervous systems are not adapted to women. I think women’s nervous systems are adapted to the mother-infant dyad, because you are not the same creature when you have an infant, not at all.

所以，我认为女性的神经系统不是为了适用于女性的身体、我认为女性的神经系统是为了适应对母婴关系存在的。因为当你生了婴儿时，你就不是同一个生物了，根本就不是。

You’re way more vulnerable. And it is partly because you must express their vulnerability of the infant and you also must care for it right. So, you think about an infant especially under nine months, so let’s say how are you going to be wired up, if you’re going to optimally care for an infant under nine months. And I am saying under nine months because, women generally do the bulk of childcare for infants who are under nine months old. And part of the reason for that, and there is a host of reason for that, but part of the reason for that obviously is that they breastfeed but imagine what you need to be wired up biologically in order to care for an infant.

你会变得更容易受到伤害，更脆弱。部分原因是，你必须表达对婴儿展示出无攻击性的弱势姿态，你还要必须正确地照顾婴儿。因此，一个婴儿，尤其是一个9个月以下的婴儿，那你的神经该如何构造？如果你要最大程度上照顾它的话，我之所以说的是9个月以下的原因，因为妇女通常为9个月以下的婴儿包揽提供了所有的育儿活动。有很多原因的，但一部分原因显然是婴儿需要哺乳，但想象一下，你需要进行生物学上的怎样的构造，才能照顾婴儿呢？

First of all, they’re very demanding, because they’re completely helpless and they’re demanding 24 hours a day, and it’s quite an emotion load. And an infant under nine months is never wrong. What you do to an infant under nine months is when they’re in distress, you always respond. You never tell the infant; get you act together and stop whining. Which you can do say to an into a child that is 18 months old. You could start having that sort of conversation. But under nine months it’s like nothing is the infant’s fault. It is surrounded in an extraordinarily threatening world, and you have to be responsive to what it needs regardless of what you want, and you have to be very sensitive to the threats that emerge in the environment.

首先，婴儿是需求度很高的，因为婴儿完全是无助的，每天需要24小时，这是一个很大的情感负担。九个月以下的婴儿永远不分对错。在他们悲伤苦难的时候，你要做的就是始终做出回应。你无法告诉婴儿；振作起来，停止抱怨。你可以对18个月大的孩子说，因为你们可以开始进行这种对话了。但是对在不到9个月的婴儿，什么都不是它的错，它被一个充满威胁的世界所包围，无论它想要什么，你都必须对它的需求做出响应，并且你必须对环境中出现的威胁非常敏感。

So, I think the price that women pay for that ability, you have to have an intimate relationship with infants in very earliest stages of development is that their nervous systems are actually wired so that they can perform that role optimally. And the disadvantage to that is that having a temperament like that doesn’t work that well when you’re dealing with adult men. Especially when you’re dealing with them in a business environment. Because it is not the same thing not at all. It is a competitive environment.

因此，我认为女性为此付出的代价是，在发育的最早期就必须与婴儿建立亲密关系，因为她们的神经系统实际上已经构造好，因此她们可以最佳地发挥这种功能。这样做的代价是，在与成年男子打交道时，拥有这种性格气质是不适合的。尤其是在职场环境中与他们打交道时。因为这根本不是同一件事，完全不是，这是一个高度竞争环境。

So agreeable people are compassionate and polite. What are disagreeable people are like, they’re tough minded, they’re blunt, they’re competitive and won’t do a damn thing they don’t want to do. So, it isn’t exactly that they’re aggressive. Although they will push you the hell out of their way if you’re in the way, they are not like volatile like you are if you’re high in neuroticism, it isn’t defensive aggression. It’s more like predatory aggression, it is dominance behaviour. And so, for someone who’s highly disagreeable, they look at the world as a place in which they can compete and win.

亲合度高的人富有同情心和礼貌。亲和度低的人是什么样的？他们不屈不挠，直言无隐，竞争意识强，他们绝对不会做他们不愿意做的事情。因此，这并不完全是说他们具有侵略性，尽管你阻碍他们的路了他们会把你一把推开继续前进。他们不是像神经质一样的反复无常，这不是一种防御性攻击侵略，这更像是掠夺性侵略，这更接近于捕食者的攻击，这是一个支配性行为。因此，对于一个亲和性极低的人来说，他们将世界视为可以竞争和胜利的地方。