Cosmism - 读论文随便抄抄

在读关于Cosimism有关的论文，挑一点有意思的原文抄抄。

Alexander Chizhvsky："The World-Historical Cycles," from the earth in the Sun's Embrace

By this I mean that when one’s environment is saturated, one need only to intro- duce into it an organizing principle, and all around, ideologically identical stratifications will form.

“社会解决方案”已经饱和。我的意思是，当一个人的环境饱和时，只需要将其引入一种组织原则，到处都会形成意识形态上相同的分层。

Considering this, we can see why Titus Livius called social conflicts an “infectious plague.”

...the entire nation is ready to pursue any declared goal, together as one man. This understand- ing of unity and full solidarity among the masses obliterates all argument and conflict. Psychic contamination or interinfusion reaches its highest point, and the masses turn toward a collective identity, while the collective is individualized.

这段话真的很适合用来形容当代简中社交网路上「党同伐异」的现象。当人们找到一个同仇敌忾的点时（例如万物皆可乳华，或者讨论某个公众人物是不是「公知」「歪屁股」），大家开始一起声讨某个现象某个人，然后揭开披皮一看，发现彼此之间根本没有共同点可言，甚至全都是对立的观点。但是只要有一个共同的靶子，一群人就可以集中在一起发泄日常生活让他们积累下的愤怒和不甘。

The intensity of this struggle reveals the entire broad spectrum of human madness, immoderation, and passion. Spontaneous violence, bitterness, berserking, epileptic delirium, thirst for power, epidemics of murder, panic, pogroms, desperate invasions, wild battles, mass exterminations, and bloody struggles, not to mention uprisings, rebellion, and the spectacles of fanaticism and heroism, all reach their apogees.

疯狂的Nikolai Fedorov：Astronomy and Architecture

Imagine that this solar energy, once directed earthward, might alter the density of its new home, weaken the bonds of its gravity, giving rise in turn to the possibility of manipulating its celestial course through the heavens, rendering the planet Earth, in effect, a great electric boat.

总结：一大堆装着避雷针的飞艇把太阳能量引入地球，让地球的引力变小，地球变成了电动船。（和我昨天的梦还有点像，笑死，科幻小说作家Fedorov）

The building up of Earth, too, will be accomplished by that same application: its transformation into a temple, and the other planets into new dwellings.

我又想起了上学期GC惨不忍睹的项目，人类文明纪念碑。把地球变成圣殿其他星球变成居住地听起来真的很那个奥林匹亚山和诸神。

the emergence of any new life is always associated with a destruction of previous life. Herein we find manifested the law of that blind force that can create only while it destroys.

Art, if it is the work of a rational being, must consist precisely in the resurrection of everything destroyed by blind force, in redressing the work blind force has wrought through the inaction of the intelligent force.

Being a cemetery, the Earth holds within it as many generations as there are worlds in the universe not ruled by reason (in point of fact, we know of no other worlds ruled by reason), and a great many of these worlds are utterly ill-suited to support life; so that through the resurrection of the deceased generations biology may have some hope of settling—that is, of bringing under enlight- ened governance—all worlds. In this way, by ensuring that life is installed on all worlds, this universe will be made a biological one.

地球是个公墓。

这是今天看论文最有收获的一句话。

Those men, animated and transformed, cease to be born and to become workers—that is, they learn to re-create themselves out of elementary mate- rial components (which celestial chemistry, the chemistry of spectral analy- sis, finds across the universe); those sons of humanity learn to travel to other planets, and now on each they will duplicate exactly what has been done on Earth—that is, by the instrument of the lightning rod–aerostat, all of the energy of the Sun will be directed onto each planet, thereby freed of gravity’s bonds and turned into a great, electric boat

死亡后的人类在其他星球上重新组装和创造自己，让我想起了心灵奇旅里面走上天国重新做人的情节。对于immortality的渴望是否包含着对于在无止境时间中可以不断犯错然后纠正自己的渴望，给自己无限多的机会好去做各种各样的事呢。追求immortality的motive到底是什么啊？

Alexander Svyatogor: Our Affirmations

他的几个观点：

1. 对于死亡的恐惧是人德行卑鄙懦弱的原因/死亡是造成社会不公正的原因：

Death diminishes man and debases the human character: fear for one’s life gives rise to cowardice, baseness, falsity, and ugliness. Death is also responsible for the deepening root of social injustice, monstrous private ownership, and the antagonism between individuals, nationalities, and classes. This restriction in time—that is, death—represents the age-old foundation for the spiritual and material decomposition of both the indi- vidual and society.

2. 永生是人的一种本能。死亡在逻辑上是毫无意义的，在伦理上是不可接受的，并且在美学上是丑陋的。

Death is so logically senseless, ethically inadmissible, and aesthetically ugly that the question of immortality inevitably emerges in a person’s consciousness.

3.宗教已经过时，无法通过宗教和神秘力量来实现永生问题。

4.每个人，乃至整个人类，只有在争取个人永生的斗争中才能找到完全的自由。通过与「死亡」斗争的永生争取中，人的品格和创造力会被提高。

In Biocosmism, every individual—and indeed mankind as a whole—will find complete freedom only in the struggle for individual immortality.

5. 生物宇宙论的两个重要人物：追求永生与研究复活。

Note that Biocosmism also regards the question of personal immortality, or immortalism, as a question of resurrection.

6. 如果死亡（时间的限制）是个人和社会生活中邪恶的根源，那么其次要根源是由于空间的限制，也就是说，一个人的家乡，家乡，祖国或州，以及种族。

If death (a restriction in time) is the primary root of evil in the life of the individual and society, then its secondary root is caused by a restriction in space, which is to say, the primary position accorded by one’s home, hometown, native land or state, and race. At the end of the day, even internationalism relates merely to a certain locality within the universe.

7. 行星际主义涉及以下问题：如何掌握宇宙空间，如何成为宇宙公民和积极参与太空生活，通过我们的智慧随意调整和改造宇宙物体，以及重塑旧世界和创造新世界。

Interplanetarianism involves the problem of how to master cosmic space, how to become a citizen of the cosmos and an active participant in life in space, regulating and transforming the cosmic bodies at will through our wisdom, and reshaping the old and creating new worlds.

8. 永生主义和行星际主义构成：生物宇宙论。

The questions of immortalism and interplanetarianism must not be viewed independently or linked mechanically. They are both intimately interconnected, constituting a single organic whole united under a single term: Biocosmism.

9. 生物宇宙主义是针对个人以及整个人类的新的最高生活计划。

We contend that Biocosmism is the new supreme life-plan for the single individual as well as humankind as a whole, and that it is now time to set about realizing this plan.

10. 资本家和劳力的斗争中，革命会支持生物宇宙论。

Our belief is based on our opinion that a worldwide struggle between the oppressed and their oppressors and between labor and capital is now unfolding before us.

Alexander Svyatogor：The Doctrine of the Fathers and Anarchism- Biocosmism

- 生物宇宙主义是反无政府主义的。

The Revolution meant the collapse of modern anarchist thought and the end of historic anarchism; the new spirit was disillusioned with old concepts that were narrow and backward. The Revolution also meant the need for a new form of anarchism (both in theory and in practice). But only someone who is independent, free from tradition and authority, who is able to bring revolutionary courage to creativity and offer a correct appraisal of the situation, can resolve the crisis, create a new concept, and, thus, resolve the current impasse.

- 至善是宇宙中不朽的生命，至恶是死亡。

The supreme good is immortal life in the cosmos. The supreme evil is death.

- 现代(资产阶级)社会导致死亡，并以死亡为基础。因为个体本质上是致命的，它宣告死亡是个体的最终命运。资产阶级社会“死亡是不可避免的”的观念扼杀了人类反抗死亡的精神。

Modern (bourgeois) society leads to death and is based on it. Because the individual is essentially mortal, it proclaims death as the individual’s ultimate fate. Bourgeois society is deeply corrupted by the conviction that “death is inevitable.” Religion and old scientific consciousness sanction this conviction, stifling man’s spirit of revolt against death.

- 永生保证了每个人可以自我实现（self-fufillment）。时间(死亡)和空间的限制不能通过个人的努力来克服，因此，需要集体的努力。只有为了我们的伟大目标而团结一致，才能保证战胜死亡和宇宙空间。宇宙中不朽和生命的斗争是新社会秩序的真正基础。

We affirm the unity of all in respect to our great aim. The struggle for individual immortality—for life in the cosmos—manifests the universal will. Restriction in time (death) and space cannot be overcome through individual effort; therefore, collective effort is required. Only solidarity for the sake of our great aim will guarantee victory over death and cosmic space. The struggle for immortality and life in the cosmos is the true basis of the new social order.

- 比较有意思的点，可以研究为什么communism中对于小团体的批判。

- Biocosmism 和Fedorov的Cosmism的区别

Biocosmism中我们首先要认识到生命和星际主义的个体不朽性，这是我们的“共同任务”的基础，而复活则被放在第三位。就费多罗夫而言，实现个人不朽(生物宇宙主义的核心)的问题并不存在ーー一切都围绕着复活，而且都归结到复活并受其支配。

Fedorov, who adheres to a religious and platonic dualism that is alien to us, affirms the existence of two worlds: a perfect, divine world, and a human world, into which—according to the Bible—death entered, with man’s task involving a struggle with evil and death, which takes the form of resurrecting the dust of our forefathers. But recognizing one, real, infinite world, we start by realizing the per- sonal immortality of the living and interplanetarism, on which our “common task” is based, with resurrection being relegated to third place. As far as Fedorov is concerned, the problems of realizing personal immortality (central to Biocosmism) do not exist— everything is centered around resurrection, and is reduced to and governed by it.

- 苏维埃主义是天然靠近生物宇宙主义的，是打破旧世界必不可少的力量。在打败旧世界的过程中需要采取独裁的手段进行统治。

While we believe that the state will be eliminated on the way to Biocos- mism, we would also emphasize the current need for a positive relationship with the Soviet system. The Soviet state should not be confused with the bourgeois state. The Soviets are a necessary organization within the revo- lutionary struggle against the old world. They are also instruments in the struggle with nature; that is to say, they have a natural tendency toward Biocosmism.

Chapter 6 Alexander Svyatogor: Biocosmist Poetics

It is a hor- rifying fact that from time immemorial the Earth has orbited the Sun, like a goat tethered to its shepherd. It’s time for us to instruct the Earth to take another course. In fact, it is also time to intervene in the course taken by other planets too. We should not remain mere spectators, but must play an active role in the life of the cosmos!

这也太大胆了，只要够大胆，能让地球换个方向转（我无语

Death is tireless. It devotes every second to its vile task: the execution of living creatures. A poet—a Biocosmist poet, that is—is both an activist and a singer in a band in revolt against death and the dictatorship of space. A Biocosmist poet creates his living organisms on the subjects of immortality, space travel, and the resurrection of the dead. How can he become an idola- ter when he destroys every temple and altar? Should he wade through a mire of petty deeds, sit out office hours, or trade in trinkets when he should be tearing half-witted brains apart in order to sow the seeds of Biocosmism within them? How can he saunter peaceably along with his eyes shut when he should, in fact, be armed to the teeth with telescopes? Should he nod off whimpering miserably when he is being summoned by the supreme creation of which no creator, no enthusiastic brain, has as yet even dreamed?

Chapter 7 Valerian Muravyev: A Universal Productive Mathmatics

- 文化的终极意义和目标实际上就是通过对自然的理性管理来改善和改造世界。

- 未来的新文化只是确定这种普遍文化，揭示它是改变世界的工作。

The new culture of the future involves nothing other than identifying this universal culture, revealing it as the work of transforming the world.

Chapter 9 Konstantin Tsiolkovsky: Panpsychism, or Everything Feels

救命，这一段宣言真的好那个邪教。你是第一吹牛皮大师，Tsiolkovsky！

The Universe’s Monism At my age, people die, and I am afraid you will leave this life with bitterness in your heart if you do not learn from me, a pure source of knowledge, that continuous joy awaits you.

Hence I am writing this summary without having finished many major works.

I would want this life of yours to be a bright dream of the future, a future where happiness never ends.

The way I see it, my sermon is not even a daydream, but a strictly mathe matical conclusion based on precise knowledge.

I want to guide you to the delight of contemplating the universe, the destiny awaiting us all, and the wonderful story of each and every atom’s past and future. It will increase your health, lengthen your life, and give you the strength to bear life’s vicissitudes. You will die joyfully, convinced that happiness, perfection, infinity, and the subjective continuity of rich organic life lie in store for you.

My conclusions are more comforting than the promises made by the most lifeaffirming religions.

Not a single positivist could be soberer than I am. Compared to me, even Spinoza was a mystic. If my wine makes you drunk, at least it is natural.

To understand me you must utterly abandon all things obscure, such as the occult, spiritualism, dark philosophies, and all authorities except that of hard science, that is, mathematics, geometry, mechanics, physics, biology, and their practical applications.

- 即使是死尸也依然可以「保持反应」。

- 宇宙的不同部分只是在它们的敏感程度上有所不同。

- 组成物质的原子是不朽的，因此「复活」是可能的。

人口将增长一千倍，人类将成为地球真正的主人。他将改变陆地，改变大气层的结构，广泛利用海洋。气候会随着人们的期望或需要而改变。整个地球将变得适宜居住，并结出硕果。

看到人口增长一千倍我：救命。

Billions of billions of beings will grow and evolve around the Sun near the asteroids. A variety of breeds of perfected beings will be produced: breeds suited for living in different atmospheres, at different gravities, on different planets; breeds suited for living amid the vacuum or rarefied gas, for living with food or without it; breeds living only on solar radiation, capable of withstanding heat, cold, and abrupt, substantial temperature changes.

The most dominant breed, however, will be the most perfect type of organism, dwelling in the ether and nourished directly by solar energy like a plant.

「完美人类」「完美种类」「太空婴儿仓」这几个概念还蛮有意思的。

- 繁殖生命中最优秀的样本。殖民太空。

- 当有生命被认为成低等生命时应该自觉牺牲。

Chapter 10 Konstantin Tsiolkovsky: Theorems of Life (as an Addendum and Clarification on Monism)

Tsiokovsky，你口气真的有很大耶。

• First Truth: All matter is alive at its core
• Second Truth: No atom in the universe can avoid a complicated life.
• Third Truth: A mass of any size can produce spirit.
• Fourth Truth: The basic, minimal spirit is a separate element of matter: an atom, an electron, ether, or some other unknown and uniform essence of matter.
• Fifth Truth: The whole universe consists of elemental and complex spirits.
• Sixth Truth: A living organism is composed of a group of spirits combined in a very particular way.
• Seventh Truth: Every animal or complex spirit is composed of a multitude of spirits or different levels of complexity (atoms, molecules, cells, their aggregate, and everything living) that feel in unique and independent ways.
• Eighth Truth: The death of an animal or a plant is the disintegration of complex spirits into those that are more simple or elemental.
• Ninth Truth: Birth is the combination of various spirits into a single whole.
• Tenth Truth: The power of spirit, or the richness of spirit, depends on its mass and its organization.
• Eleventh Truth: The greater the mass of an animal, the more complex the spirit (in general, on average)
• Twelfth Truth: In a mathematical sense, every particle of matter, in nonorganic and organic form, feels.
• Thirteenth Truth: Chemical, physical, and mechanical phenomena (in relation to the mechanics of the body) produce life with all its qualities: to feel pleasant and unpleasant, to think, to move.
• Fourteenth Truth: Where there is matter, there is feeling.
• Fifteenth Truth: If feeling is to be found where matter is, then anything living, at the very least a human being, considers his feeling to reside in his body throughout his whole life.
• Sixteenth Truth: We think that in every body there is one being.