拉丁语词组释义 Latin phrases - EN - CN

（字母排序。部分中文释义由笔者直接提供，仅供参考。欢迎指正。）

a fortiori - (law)(fml) for or with an even stronger reason 更加；更不必说了，更有理由

a posteriori - fml analysing sth. by starting from known facts and then thinking about the possible causes of the facts. 归纳的，后验的，由果及因

a priori - in a way based on theoretical deduction rather than empirical observation. 先验的；从事实推断结果；由因及果

acribia - exact, sure, scrupulous 精确

adaequatio rei atque cogitationis - the intellect (of the knower) must be adequate to the thing (known) 大意是求知者必须要有相应水平的学问

ad infinitum - without ever coming to an end 无限地；永久地；无止境地

ad kalendas Graecas - (idiomatic) never at all 在希腊日历上，意思是从不（只有罗马人采用日历）

alea iacta est / alea jacta est - The die is cast 骰子已经掷出，事情已经发生，命运的车轮已开始转动

argumentum a contrario - In logic, an argumentum e contrario, also known as appeal from the contrary, denotes any proposition that is argued to be correct because it is not disproven by a certain case. It is the opposite of the analogy. When analogy is allowed, e contrario is forbidden and vice versa. 反证

bona fide - “in good faith” When applied to business deals and the like, it stresses the absence of fraud or deception. 光明正大

bellum omnium contra omnes - the war of all against all - is the description that Thomas Hobbes gives to human existence in the State of Nature thought experiment that he conducts in De Cive (1642) and Leviathan (1651). 大混战，狗咬狗

cui bono - "to whom is it a benefit?", a phrase about identifying crime suspects. It expresses the view that crimes are often committed to benefit their perpetrators, especially financially. 为了谁

chorismos - separation. Plato postulated a division (chorismos) between the physical and the metaphysical 源自Adorno的理论；物理实体世界与形而上抽象的区隔

caementitium - concrete (opus caementitium) 建筑用罗马水泥

constituta - being constituted/disposed, endowed with a nature; ordered/arranged/appointed 约定（俗成）

contradictio in adjecto - a contradiction between parts of an argument 自相矛盾

creatio ex nihilo - creation out of nothing. a theistic（有神论的） answer to the question of how the universe comes to exist. 从无到有。 “天下万物生于有，有生于无”。

disjecta membra/disiecta membra - scattered fragments 片断，碎片，不连贯的引文

desiderata - desideratum 迫切需要之物

ens realissimum - the most real being 神学里面一个词

ex nihilo - out of nothing 从无到有

ex post facto - having retrospective effect; out of the aftermath 事后的，溯及既往的

facta bruta - a brute fact is a fact that has no explanation 喵，就是这样

habemus ideam veram - we have a real idea - 对事物有准确认知

hic et nunc - here and now 此时此地

horro vacui - In visual art, horror vacui or kenophobia is the filling of the entire surface of a space or an artwork with detail. In physics, horror vacui reflects Aristotle's idea that "nature abhors an empty space." 广场恐怖，空旷空间恐怖——因此用画作涂满

idola fori - sometimes translated as "Idols of the Market Place" or "Idols of the Forum", are a category of logical fallacy which results from the imperfect correspondences between the word definitions in human languages, and the real things in nature which these words represent. 市场偶像：人与人之间传言的错误 [种族偶像(Idola Tribus)：人人共同的错误 ；洞穴偶像(Idola Specus)：个人专有的错误 ；市场偶像(Idola Fori)：人与人之间传言的错误；剧场偶像(Idola Theatri)：学说推论的错误]

in situ - in the original place; in the appropriate position 刚好

ipso facto - by the fact itself 根据事实本身

laudator temporis acti - a praiser of times past 遥想当年的人

lucus a non lucendo - A form of illogical argument asserting that two things are related because they have opposite significations 逻辑不通的推论（“两者反义因而互为因果”）

mens sana in corpore sana - a healthy mind in a healthy body 身心健康

mundus vult decipi, ergo decipiatur - The world wants to be deceived, so let it be deceived. 一个俗语，这个世界想要被欺骗，那就让它被欺骗吧。

mutatis mutandis - (used when you are comparing two or more things or situations) making the small changes that are necessary for each individual case, without changing the main points加上必要的变更；细节上作必要的修改（差不多，八九不离十）

mundus sensibilis - the field of things understood because of the human sensory faculties. The world of things perceived by the human senses 感性世界

mundus intelligibilis 理智世界

nature morte 静物

non liquet - not clear 不清楚

pars pro - toto a part (taken) for the whole 以部分代整体

parti pris 先入之见

paterfamilias (plural patres familias) - the head of a Roman family. The pater familias was the oldest living male in a household, and exercised autocratic authority over his extended family. The term is Latin for "father of the family" or the "owner of the family estate". 家族长老

petitio principii - to "beg the question" is to attempt to support a claim with a premise that itself restates or presupposes the claim. It is an attempt to prove a proposition while simultaneously taking the proposition for granted. 预期理由（一种逻辑错误，把未经证明的判断作为证明论题的论据）

post festum - after the fact; too late; after feast. 事后诸葛亮

post hoc ergo propter hoc : after this, therefore because of this. 以为一件事先于另一件事发生，故该事件为另一事件原因。

pro-forma - (“as a matter of form” or “for the sake of form”) describe a practice or document that is provided as a courtesy or satisties minimum requirements, conforms to a norm or doctrine. Tends to be performed perfunctorily or is considered a formality. 形式上的

qualitas occulta - something wholly obscure 灰不溜秋

quod erat demonstrandum - used to convey that a fact or situation demonstrates the truth of one's theory or claim, especially to mark the conclusion of a formal proof. what was to be demonstrated.证明完毕

quid pro quo(s) - a favour or advantage granted in return for something."the pardon was a quid pro quo for their help in releasing hostages". exchange;trade;trade-off;swap;switch;barter; substitute 补偿物；相等物；交换条件；让步条件

quod non est in actis non est in mundo - what is not kept in the records, does not exist. ancient latin proverb that stresses a truth above all truths - winners write history, losers do not exist in maps. 强权胜公理

reductiones ad absurdum - In logic, reductio ad absurdum, also known as argumentum ad absurdum, apagogical arguments, negation introduction or the appeal to extremes, is the form of argument that attempts to establish a claim by showing that the opposite scenario would lead to absurdity or contradiction. 归谬法

restitutio in integrum - restoration of an injured party to the situation which would have prevailed had no injury been sustained; restoration to the original or pre-contractual position. 恢复原状

rudis indigestaque moles - The 'chaos' of pre-creation, according to Ovid (who wisely says he wasn't a witness) was a 'rudis indigestaque moles', a 'rough and unprocessed heap' (moles is a great word that basically means a 'bunch of stuff without any shape'. 宇宙汤

sine qua non - without which not, necessity.(of/for sth.) something that is essential before you can achieve sth. else. 必要条件；要素

sub judice - (law) Latin for "under a judge", means that a particular case or matter is under trial or being considered by a judge or court. The term may be used synonymously with "the present case" or "the case at bar" by some lawyers. 在审判中，尚未决定，悬案

sese conservare - to preserve, in themselves 保存，保护

sui generis - of its/his/her/their own kind; in a class by itself; unique 独特的

summum bonum - the highest or ultimate good, which was introduced by the Roman philosopher Cicero to denote the fundamental principle on which some system of ethics is based — that is, the aim of actions, which, if consistently pursued, will lead to the best possible life. 至善

tabula rasa - blank board 白板

terminus a quo -（辩论，政策等的）出发点；起点；（契约的）开始期

terminus ad quem - the limit up until which; telos, is a term used by philosopher Aristotle to refer to the full potential or inherent purpose or objective of a person or thing, similar to the notion of an 'end goal' 终点，目标

tua res agitur - it concerns you 这与你有关