盘点28种中国传统烹饪手法的英文表达
还记得那个把中英双语都很流利的“青蛙公主”谷爱凌难住的中国小吃韭菜盒子吗？韭菜盒子的正式英文名称是“Fried Chinese Leek Dumplings”。在此表达中，Fried可看作形容词，表示“油炸的，油煎的”。
非常有名的肯德基的英文表达中也包含有这个词，即Kentucky Fried Chicken，Fried一词的动词原形是fry / frai / ，意为“油炸；油煎；油炒”。
中国饮食文化博大精深，传统的烹饪手法更是纷繁复杂，常见的二十八种烹饪方法有：炸、爆、烧、炒、溜、煮、汆、涮、蒸、炖、煨、焖、烩、扒、焗、煸、煎、塌、卤、酱、拌、炝、腌、冻、糟、醉、烤、熏。
下面，我们就来盘点下这些烹饪方法的英语表达。
炒 fry/sauté/stir-fry
如：炒腊肉 stir-fried smoked pork
炒河粉sautéed/ stir-fried rice noodles
炒大虾stir-fried prawns
炸 deep-fry
如：炸肉夹茄 fried eggplant with meat stuffing
酥炸鸡胸 deep-fried crispy chicken breast
爆 fry/ sauté/ quick-fry
如：火爆腰花sautéed pig kidney
酱爆 fry/ sauté in bean sauce
如：XO酱爆乳鸽脯sautéed pigeon breast in XO sauce
葱爆 quick-fry with scallion in ginger sauce
如：葱爆羊肉quick-fried lamb with scallion in ginger sauce；
fried mutton slice with green scallion
烧/煨/焖/烩 braise
如：油焖笋 braised bamboo shoots
烩鸡丝 braised chicken shreds with peas
红烧 braise with/ in brown sauce
如：红烧海参 sea cucumbers in brown sauce
红烧肘子 braised pork joint/ pork leg braised in brown sauce
叉烧 grill/ roast pork
如：四季豆叉烧 roast pork with string beans
蘑菇叉烧 roast pork with mushrooms
熘 sauté /quick-fry（with thick gravy）
如：熘鱼片 fish slices sautéed
醋溜白菜sautéed cabbage in vinegar sauce/ gravy
糟熘鱼片 fish slices with dregs of wine/ in distilled grains sauce
扒 grill/ braise
如：铁扒桂鱼 grilled mandarin fish
德州扒鸡 braised chicken, Dezhou style
煎 fry/ pan-fry
如：盐煎肉 fried pork slices with salted pepper
葱油煎饼fried scallion pancake
煮 boil/ poach
如：煮咸牛肉 boiled corned beef
白斩鸡 boiled chicken
涮 instant-boil
如：涮羊肉instant-boiled mutton slices
白灼 scald/ boil
如：白灼西兰花scalded broccoli
白灼虾boiled prawns
炖，煨 braise/ stew
如：冰糖炖雪梨 stewed sweet pear with white fungus
番茄炖牛腩 braised beef brisket with tomato
清炖甲鱼 stewed turtle in clear soup
烤 barbecue/ roast/ broil
barbecue指户外烧烤用
roast 是烘，烤，焙（肉等）
broil（在铁架上）烤，焙（肉或鱼）
炖菜/砂锅菜/烩菜 casserole
如：砂锅鱼翅 shark’s fin in casserole
砂锅狮子头meatballs in earthen-pot
煲clay pot
如：粉丝虾米杂菜煲 rice noodles vegetables clay pot
熏 smoke
如：家乡熏蹄 home-made pig’s trotters
蒸 steam
如：蒸肠粉 steamed rice rolls
粉蒸 steamed in/with rice flour
如：米粉蒸肉 steamed pork with rice flour
清蒸 steamed (in clear soup)
如：清蒸鲈鱼 steamed bass
