unit 28 动词、宾语和补语
A
有些动词既可以是及物动词也可以是不及物动词，让我们可以关注做出动作的人或物，或者受动作影响的人或物。 相比：
--- She closed the door. (transitive及物) and
--- The door closed.(intransitive不及物)
--- I've ripped my shirt. (transitive及物) and
Myshirt has ripped.(intransitive不及物)
B
当上下文中的意思很清楚时，一些及物动词不需要宾语：
--- I often sing (songs) in the shower.
--- She plays (the saxophone) beautifully.
C
在一些动词之后，我们通常会添加一个补语——一个补充动词名词或形容词含义的短语——它是一个副词或介词短语：
--- The disease originated in Britain.
(not The disease originated. 我们需要补充它在哪里怎么起源的)
其他一些动词通常有补语，但也可能没有。 对比：
--- He paused for a few moments. and
--- He paused. (不需要补语)
D
一些动词通常后面跟着一个特定的介词或介词，然后是宾语 (另可参见Unit 94):
--- We had to deal with hundreds of complaints. (not We had to deal.)
--- I'm sure that blue car belongs to Murad. (not I'm sure that blue car belongs.)
E
有些动词后面通常跟宾语+介词短语补语：
--- I always associate pizza with ltaly.(not I always associate pizza.)
--- She put the report on the floor. (not She put the report.)
F
有些动词后面经常接宾语+形容词（或形容词短语）补语:
--- The people of this country will hold the government responsible.
--- Conti pronounced herselffit for the match.
这些动词后有宾语+形容词补语的句子通常比较正式。 在宾语之后添加 be 或使用 that 从句可以使句子不那么正式：
--- Dr Adams argues that house prices will fall, but other economists believe the opposite true.
(没那么正式的说法：... believe the opposite to be true. or ... believe that the opposite is true.)
