unit 30 动词ing和不定式 (1)

A

有些动词后面可以跟【宾语 + ing】或具有类似含义的【所有格 + ing】，但【所有格 + ing】形式通常被认为是相当正式的：

--- I resented Tom winning the prize.

(更为正式：l resented Tom's winning the prize.)

--- Mia recalled him buying the book.

(更为正式：Mia recalled his buying the book.)

请注意，我们在这里仅使用所有格形式（Tom's, his）来谈论一个人或一群人：

--- I remember the horse winning the race. (but not ... the horse's winning ….)

B

有些动词后面可以跟 to + ing，其中 to 是介词：

--- She confessed to stealing the money.

--- You don't object to working late tonight, do you?

请注意，这些动词也可以跟在 to + 名词短语之后：

--- She confessed to the crime.

--- You don't object to the work, do you?

C

另一些动词后面可以接不同的「介词+ing」。 例如：

1、「by+ ing」

(begin, close, end, finish (off/up), open, start(off/out))

--- Can you begin by cleaning the floors, and then do the windows?

2、「on+-ing」or 「on+宾语+-ing」

(concentrate, count, depend, focus, insist, rely)

--- Clare insisted on (ack) wearing a suit to the party.

3、「of+-ing」 or 「of+宾语+-ing」

(approve, hear, know, speak, talk, tell)

--- Have you ever heard of (anyone) getting arrested for gossiping before?

4、「宾语+from+ ing」

(deter, discourage, keep, prevent, prohibit, stop)

--- The noise from next door prevented me from sleeping.

D

一些动词（feel、hear、notice、observe、overhear、see、watch）后面可以跟宾语，然后跟一个 ing 形式 或 不定式，但意思可能略有不同。 对比：

--- I saw them playing football from my window. (-ing 指一个进行中的动作) and

--- I saw him smash the bottle. （不定式指的是完成了的动作）

--- I was able to watch them building the new car park from my office window. (-ing 指的是我看了，但是并未从头看到尾) and

--- I watched him climb through the window, and then l called the police. (不定式指的是我看了从头到尾的整个过程)

E

在动词 dare 和 help 之后，我们可以使用 不定式或 to-不定式：

--- I was angry with him, but l didn't dare (to) say anything.

--- We hope the Twitter campaign will help (to) raise awareness of the problem.

当dare有宾语时，只能用 to-不定式。 对比：

--- I dared him to cross the river. (not l dared him cross ...) and

--- I helped them (to) pack.

在 have, let and make后，我们可以用宾语+不定式，而不是to-不定式：

--- His exam results might make him work harder. (not ... might make him to work ... )

--- I had lrena clean up her bedroom before I let her go out to play.