“国内最新科研成果”系列之2023年第1期

Domestic advance on Gesneriaceae from Chinain 2023（No.1）

余文迪，刘娟旭，余义勋，姜贵芸

Yu Wendi,Liu Juanxu, Yu Yixun, Jiang Guiyun

桂中报春苣苔四倍体诱导及鉴定

Induction and Identification of Tetraploid in Primulina guizhongensis

分子植物育种（网络首发）2023-02-10

Molecular Plant Breeding(Network Launching) 2023-02-10

摘要

圆桂中报春苣苔可作为室内观赏盆栽种植，具有较大市场潜力。本研究以桂中报春苣苔花叶个体的试管苗为材料，采用混培法进行多倍体诱导试验，探索适宜诱导桂中报春苣苔多倍体的秋水仙素浓度和处 理时间，并对诱导所得的植株及进行流式细胞法鉴定，筛选出四倍体植株与二倍体植株进行形态学比较、 气孔比较和花粉粒比较。结果表明，通过流式细胞法检测，本试验共获得 3 株四倍体植株；采用秋水仙素 浓度为 0.01%的培养基处理 20 d 是较为有效且对外植体伤害较小的桂中报春苣苔多倍体诱导方法；诱导所 得的四倍体桂中报春苣苔的叶形指数、叶柄长度、花序梗长度、每花序花朵数量均显著小于二倍体，而叶 片厚度、花序梗直径、花冠下唇宽度、雌蕊直径、花萼裂片宽度均显著大于二倍体，花冠长度则无显著性 差异；四倍体植株的气孔长轴和短轴长度显著大于二倍体，而气孔密度显著小于二倍体；四倍体植株的花 粉粒赤道轴和极轴长度都显著大于二倍体。本研究为报春苣苔属多倍体育种提供理论指导，同时为开发报 春苣苔属植物提供新的育种思路。

原文链接：https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail//46.1068.S.20230210.1133.004.html

ABSTRACT

Primulina guizhongensiscan be used as an indoor ornamental potted plant and has great market potential. In this study, Tissue culture plantlet of P.guizhongensiswith silver vein were used as materials, and the polyploid induction test used the mixed culture method to explore the colchicine concentration and treatment time which is suitable for inducing polyploid of P. guizhongensis. The induced plants were identified by flow cytometry, and the tetraploid plants were screened for morphological comparison, stomatal comparison and pollen grain comparison with diploid plant. The results showed that 3 tetraploid plants were obtained from the test which identified by flow cytometry; Treatment of 0.01% colchicine medium for 20 days was an effective method for polyploid induction of P. guizhongensiswith less damage to the explants; The leaf shape index, petiole length and peduncle length, number of flowers per inflorescence of the induced tetraploid plants of P. guizhongensiswere significantly lower than those of the diploid plants, while the leaf thickness, peduncle diameter, abaxial lip width, pistil diameter, and calyx lobe width of the tetraploid plants of P. guizhongensiswere significantly higher than those of the diploid plants, and there was no significant difference in corolla length; The length of major axis and minor axis of tetraploid plants’ pollen grains were significantly larger than that of diploid plants, while the stomatal density was significantly lower than that of diploid plants; The equatorial axis and polar axis of pollen grains in tetraploid plants were significantly longer than those in diploid plants. This study provides theoretical guidance for the polyploid breeding of Primulina, and provides a new breeding idea for the development of Primulina.

Original article link:

https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail//46.1068.S.20230210.1133.004.html

图 1 二倍体桂中报春苣苔与四倍体DNA含量比较

注: A: 二倍体植株流式细胞法分析图; B: 四倍体植株流式细胞法分析图

Fig. 1 Comparison of the DNA content between diploid and tetraploid of Primulina guizhongensis

Note: A: Flow cytometry analysis chart of diploid control plant;

B: Flow cytometry analysis chart of tetraploid plant

图 2 二倍体桂中报春苣苔与四倍体的植株形态比较

注: A: 植株正视对比; B: 植株俯视对比; C: 花朵正视对比; D: 花朵俯视对比; E: 雌蕊对比; F: 叶片对比; a: 二倍体, b: 四倍体

Fig.2 Comparison of plant morphology between diploid and tetraploid of Primulina guizhongensis

Note: A: Comparison of plants from front view; B: Comparison of plants from vertical view;

C: Comparison of flowers from front view; D: Comparison of flowers from vertical view;

E: Comparison of pistil; F: Comparison of leaf; a: diploid, b: tetraploid

图 3 四倍体桂中报春苣苔与二倍体的气孔比较

注: A: 二倍体植株气孔; B: 四倍体植株气孔

Fig.3 Stomatal comparison between tetraploid and diploid ofPrimulina guizhongensis

Note: A: Stomata of diploid plant; B: Stomata of tetraploid plant

图 4 四倍体桂中报春苣苔与二倍体的花粉粒比较

注: A: 二倍体花粉粒; B: 四倍体花粉粒

Fig. 4 Comparison of pollen grains between tetraploid and diploid of Primulina guizhongensis

Note: A: Pollen grains of diploid plant; B: Pollen grains of tetraploid plant

本文的引用：余文迪,刘娟旭,余义勋,姜贵芸.桂中报春苣苔四倍体诱导及鉴定[J/OL].

分子植物育种:1-12[2023-03-11].

http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/46.1068.S.20230210.1133.004.html