量子纠缠新逻辑

量子纠缠的新逻辑

胡良

摘要，经典计算机信息的基本单元就是比特（指一种有两个状态的物理系统）。在量子计算机中，信息单位是量子比特

关键词 ，量子纠缠，信号速度，光子，比特，量子比特

作者 ，总工，高工，硕士

1计算机原理

1.1经典计算机原理

经典计算机原理分为存储程序及程序控制，先要将控制计算机如何进行操作的程序（指令序列）及原始数据输送到计算机内存冠军赛中（通过输入设备）。计算机的工作原理，存储程序，程序控制 ，采用二进制形式表达数据和指令。

量子计算机根据量子力学规律进行逻辑运算，存储及处理量子信息的物理装置。当某个装置处理及计算的是量子信息，运行的是量子算法时，就是量子计算机。

1. Computer Principles

1.1 Classic Computer Principles

The classic computer principles are divided into storage programs and program control, where the program (instruction sequence) and raw data that controls how the computer operates are first transmitted to the computer memory championship (through input devices). The working principle of a computer is to store programs, control programs, and express data and instructions in binary form.

Quantum computer is a physical device that performs logical operations, stores and processes quantum information according to the laws of quantum mechanics. When a device processes and calculates quantum information and runs quantum algorithms, it is a quantum computer.

1.2量子计算机原理

量子计算机是一类使用量子逻辑进行通用计算的装置。量子计算用来存储资料的对象是量子位元，其使用量子演算法来进行资料操作。

1.2 Principles of quantum computer

Quantum computer is a kind of device that uses quantum logic to perform general computing. The object that quantum computing uses to store data is qubit, which uses quantum calculus to operate data.

1.3经典计算机原理与量子计算机原理的区别

量子计算机是一类可实现量子计算的机器，通过量子力学规律以实现数学及逻辑运算，处理及储存信息。量子计算机以量子态为记忆单元及信息储存形式，以量子动力学演化为信息传递与加工基础的量子通讯与量子计算。量子计算机是一个物理系统，能存储及处理用量子比特表示的信息。

1.3 Difference between classical computer principles and quantum computer principles

Quantum computer is a kind of machine that can realize quantum computation. It can realize mathematical and logical operations, process and store information through the laws of quantum mechanics. Quantum computer takes quantum state as memory unit and information storage form, and takes quantum dynamics evolution as the basis of information transmission and processing. Quantum computer is a physical system that can store and process information expressed by quantum bits.

传统计算机则是通过集成电路中电路的通断来实现0及1之间的区别。量子计算机的基本单位是量子比特，通过量子的两态的量子力学体系来表达0及1。例如，光子的两个正交的偏振方向；磁场中电子的自旋方向，原子中量子处在的两个不同的能级等。量子计算的原理是将量子力学系统中量子态进行演化的结果。

Traditional computers achieve the difference between 0 and 1 through the on-off of circuits in integrated circuits. The basic unit of quantum computer is quantum bit, which expresses 0 and 1 through the quantum mechanical system of two states. For example, the two orthogonal polarization directions of photons; The spin direction of electrons in a magnetic field, the two different energy levels at which quanta reside in atoms, etc. The principle of quantum computing is the result of the evolution of quantum states in quantum mechanical systems.

粒子与其反粒子所带的电量相等而符号相反，粒子与其反粒子的磁矩及自旋的取向关系相反。粒子与所对应的反粒子相遇就会湮灭而转变一对光子。值得注意的是，粒子与所对应的反粒子在质量，自旋及磁矩大小等都完全相同。

The charge carried by a particle and its antiparticle is equal but the sign is opposite, and the magnetic moment and spin orientation of the particle and its antiparticle are opposite. When a particle meets its corresponding antiparticle, it annihilates and transforms into a pair of photons. It is worth noting that particles and their corresponding antiparticles are identical in terms of mass, spin, and magnetic moment.

局域实在论体现为信号速度（最大的信号速度是真空中的光速），揭示了荷的内禀属性（信号速度）；非局域性体现为超距（纠缠），揭示了场的内禀属性（超距，纠缠）。

Local realism is reflected in signal velocity (the maximum signal velocity is the speed of light in a vacuum), revealing the intrinsic property of charge (signal velocity); Non locality is manifested as over distance (entanglement), revealing the intrinsic properties of the field (over distance, entanglement).

2量子力学的相关概念

2.1量子比特

经典计算机信息的基本单元就是比特，比特是指一种有两个状态的物理系统，可用0及1表达。

2. Relevant concepts of quantum mechanics

2.1 Quantum bits

The basic unit of classical computer information is bits, which refer to a physical system with two states and can be expressed as 0 and 1.

在量子计算机中，信息单位是量子比特，可用两个量子态，│0>，及，│1>代替经典比特状态0及1。

In quantum computer, the unit of information is quantum bit, and two quantum states, │ 0>, and │ 1>, can replace the classical bit states 0 and 1.

2.2态叠加原理

量子计算机模型的核心技术与态叠加原理有关。在一个体系中，每一种可能的运动方式就被称为态。由于量子的运动状态无法确定，体现统计性。量子态就是微观体系的态。

2.2 State superposition principle

The core technology of quantum computer model is related to the state superposition principle. In a system, every possible mode of motion is called a state. Due to the uncertainty of the quantum state of motion, it reflects statistical properties. Quantum states are the states of microscopic systems.

2.3量子纠缠

量子纠缠，当两个粒子之间相互纠缠时；其中，一个粒子的行为将会影响另一个粒子的状态，体现为超距（纠缠）。这意味着，当两粒子中的一个粒子状态发生变化（对该粒子进行观测时），另一个粒子的状态将会相应的随之变化。量子纠缠体现为波动性（不确定性原理），体现为概率性。

2.3Quantum entanglement

Quantum entanglement, when two particles are entangled with each other; Among them, the behavior of one particle will affect the state of another particle, manifested as entanglement. This means that when one of the two particles changes state (when observing that particle), the state of the other particle will correspondingly change. Quantum entanglement is reflected in volatility (uncertainty principle) and in probability.

2.4量子并行原理

量子计算机以指数形式储存数字，函数计算不通过经典循环方法，可直接通过幺正变换得到，可大幅缩短工作损耗能量。

2.4 Quantum Parallelism Principle

The quantum computer stores numbers in exponential form, and the function calculation can be directly obtained through unitary transformation without the classical cycle method, which can greatly reduce the work loss energy.

2.5量子消相干

量子计算的相干性体现为量子并行运算，但是，量子比特会受到外界环境的作用与影响，从而产生量子纠缠。量子相干性易受到量子纠缠的干扰，导致量子相干性降低（消相干现象）。

量子之间是分开的，但是量子之间是相互联系及相互影响的。

由于 量子不可克隆性，因此，量子计算机无法实现经典计算机的纠错功能及复制功能。 量子计算机具有强大的量子信息处理能力，因此，能够从中提取有效信息使之成为新的有用信息。例如，预测天气状况。

2.5 Quantum decoherence

The coherence of quantum computing is embodied in quantum parallel computing, but quantum bits will be affected by the external environment, resulting in quantum entanglement. Quantum coherence is easily disturbed by quantum entanglement, which leads to the decrease of quantum coherence (decoherence phenomenon).

Quantum is separate, but quantum is interconnected and influenced by each other.

Because of quantum non cloning, quantum computer can not realize the error correction function and replication function of classical computer. Quantum computer has powerful quantum information processing ability, so it can extract effective information from it and make it become new useful information. For example, predicting weather conditions.

3信号速度与纠缠

根据量子三维常数理论（真正的大统一理论），物质是由荷（粒子性，信号速度）及相应的场（波动性，纠缠）组成的。

3 Signal Speed and Entanglement

According to the quantum three-dimensional constant theory (the true grand unified theory), matter is composed of charges (particle properties, signal velocity) and corresponding fields (wave properties, entanglement).

经典计算机是通过物质的荷（粒子性，信号速度）来运行的；具有稳定性（粒子性），体现为确定性。

量子计算机是通过相应的场（波动性，纠缠）来运行的；具有不确定性（波动性），体现为概率性。

Classical computers operate through the charge of matter (particle properties, signal velocity); Having stability (particle nature), manifested as certainty.

The quantum computer runs through the corresponding field (fluctuation, entanglement); Having uncertainty (volatility), manifested as probability.

第一类情况，已发生的事件都是确定的，将来发生的事件具有不确定性。例如，某个光子在过去的位置是确定的；但在将来的位置则是不确定的。体现为纠缠（超距）。

In the first type of situation, events that have already occurred are deterministic, while future events have uncertainty. For example, the position of a photon in the past is determined; But its future location is uncertain. Reflected as entanglement (over distance).

第二类情况，由于荷具有信号速度，体现为将来也具有确定性。例如，对于太阳辐射的光子到达地球的时间来说，该光子在一分钟时间内不可能到达地球，该事件（尽管该事件是将来发生的）是确定的。体现为信号速度。

The second type of situation, due to the signal speed of the load, is reflected in the certainty of the future. For example, for the time when a photon of solar radiation reaches Earth, it is impossible for the photon to arrive within one minute, and the event (although it may occur in the future) is certain. Reflected as signal speed.

值得一提的是，光子具有内禀的信号速度（真空中的光速），光子的信号速度保持不变（体现为洛伦兹变换）。

任何物体（孤立量子体系）都具有内禀的信号速度（该信号速度不能够超过光速），任何物体（孤立量子体系）的信号速度保持不变（体现为洛伦兹变换）。

光子的结构体现了宇宙结构的逻辑。

It is worth mentioning that photons have an intrinsic signal speed (the speed of light in vacuum), and the signal speed of photons remains unchanged (reflected in the Lorentz transformation).

Any object (isolated quantum system) has an intrinsic signal speed (the signal speed cannot exceed the speed of light), and the signal speed of any object (isolated quantum system) remains unchanged (reflected in the Lorentz transformation).

The structure of photons reflects the logic of the cosmic structure.