北方乡村的忧伤
“Come gather round friends
朋友们来吧
And I'll tell you a tale
我要给你们讲个故事
Of when the red iron pits ran plenty.
那是红铁矿大量喷涌的年代
But the cardboard filled windows
硬纸板填满了窗户
And old men on the benches
老人们坐在长凳上
Tell you now that the whole town is empty.
告诉你现在整座镇子已经空了
In the north end of town,
在镇子北边的尽头
My own children are grown
我自己的孩子已经悄然成长
But I was raised on the other.
但是我是在另一边长大的
In the wee hours of youth,
从我刚记事起
My mother took sick
妈妈就生病了
And I was brought up by my brother.
哥哥把我抚养成人
The iron ore poured
铁矿石倾倒着
As the years passed the door,
随着岁月从门前流淌而过
The drag lines an the shovels they was a-humming.
拖绳和铲子嗡嗡鸣响
til one day my brother
直到有一天,我的哥哥
Failed to come home
再也没有回家
The same as my father before him.
就像我父亲当年那样
Well a long winters wait,
整整一个冬天
From the window I watched.
我在窗边等待
My friends they couldnt have been kinder.
我的朋友们渐渐离去
And my schooling was cut
我也离开了学校
As I quit in the spring
春天来了,我终于放弃了等待
To marry john thomas, a miner.
嫁给了约翰·托马斯,一个矿工
Oh the years passed again
岁月再度流淌
And the givin was good,
它待我不薄
With the lunch bucket filled every season.
每个季节里饭篮都能被填满
What with three babies born,
三个孩子呱呱坠地
The work was cut down
他们父亲的工作却被削减
To a half a days shift with no reason.
只剩原来的一半,没有原因
Then the shaft was soon shut
不久矿井也关了
And more work was cut,
工作被削减得更多了
And the fire in the air, it felt frozen.
火焰在空气中跳动,但却寒似坚冰
til a man come to speak
直到有一周,一个男人出现
And he said in one week
告诉我们
That number eleven was closin.
十一号矿井就要关了
They complained in the east,
因为那些人抱怨道
They are paying too high.
他们在东边付出得太多了
They say that your ore aint worth digging.
这儿根本不值得开采
That its much cheaper down
在南边的镇子里
In the south american towns
采矿要便宜得多
Where the miners work almost for nothing.
在那里矿工们几乎一分钱都拿不到
So the mining gates locked
矿场的大门关上了
And the red iron rotted
红铁生锈了
And the room smelled heavy from drinking.
家里也总弥漫着浓烈的酒精味
Where the sad, silent song
忧伤无言的歌声
Made the hour twice as long
让时间粘滞如死水
As I waited for the sun to go sinking.
我默默地等着日落归寂
I lived by the window
整日空洞地守着窗边
As he talked to himself,
而他只是喃喃自语
This silence of tongues it was building.
空气死寂如水,让人窒息
Then one mornings wake,
一天我醒来
The bed it was bare,
床边已经空了
And I was left alone with three children.
只剩丢给我的三个孩子
The summer is gone,
夏天过去了
The grounds turning cold,
寒冷降临
The stores one by one theyre a-foldin.
商户们一个接一个地关门
My children will go
我的孩子们一长大
As soon as they grow.
就会离开
Well, there aint nothing here now to hold them.
这里一无所有,留不住他们”
《North Country Blues北方乡村蓝调》
--鲍勃·迪伦
最近读Brett Anderson(山羊皮乐队主唱)回忆录《漆黑清晨》,他说他最喜欢的迪伦作品就是《北方乡村蓝调》。在这首歌里,迪伦化身19世纪一名矿工的妻子,写作手法精彩迷人。这种用第三人称方式讲述故事的方式直接影响他写出了《My Insatiable one》这首歌。于是我又开始重听《North Country Blues》。说实话在迪伦众多精彩的蓝调作品中,我似乎并没有格外注意过这首。它不像《Workingman’s blues #2》,《Subterranean Homesick Blues》,《Tombstone Blues》,《Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again》这些歌具有冲击力,能一下子抓住你的耳朵。它需要你以一种读文学作品的方式来思考它歌词讲述的故事,才能被其感动。

在这首歌里,迪伦通过一个矿工妻子的口,缓缓道出了明尼苏达州北方一个矿业为主的小镇,曾经也有过荣光,但她的父亲和哥哥先后在矿井中死去。随着资源枯竭,矿井逐渐被资本家舍弃,工作削减,工资减半,她的丈夫开始酗酒,浑浑噩噩,直到有一天只剩下她和三个孩子相依为命。小镇上的店铺也纷纷关闭,陷入凋敝。时光逝去,留下的只有对美好过去的回忆。
我想,这不只是19世纪一个普通美国小镇的忧伤,也是时至今日,许许多多中国北方城市的忧伤。工业化的进程马不停蹄,科技翻天覆地,滚滚向前,但被时间和贪婪摧残过的土地上的忧伤没有改变。
迪伦作为一个诗人,拥有无与伦比的洞察力和技巧。这首歌他把自己化身为一个矿工妻子,通过她的口替自己讲述小镇的变迁和生活的困顿。如果他只是常规的通过一个旁观者的视角,来描述这个小镇如何由盛而衰,人们的生活如何穷困,显然没有由一个亲历者的亲身经历更具有说服力和感染力。这让我想起唐朝的闺怨诗。好的闺怨诗往往都不是客观描述一个闺中女子如何愁怨,而是化身诗中的女子,从她的视角展现闺怨。
“玉阶生白露,夜久侵罗袜。
却下水晶帘,玲珑望秋月。“
---李白《玉阶怨》
“打起黄莺儿,莫教枝上啼。
啼时惊妾梦,不得到辽西。“
---金昌绪《春怨》
每次听这首歌,我都会想起万青。《采石》中那轰隆隆的响声不仅回荡在太行山的腹地,也似乎回荡在明尼苏达那个小镇的上空。“炸药歌舞团的表演拉开大幕,神话握手现代化,启动了荒原上最悲怆的谜语”。“如此生活三十年,直到大厦崩塌”。工业转型大背景下,不仅有着对大自然不可逆的对抗破坏,也有着无数底层人民蝼蚁般的牺牲和消失。繁荣掩盖了黑暗,只是这种繁荣似乎也注定会再成黑暗。
“多年后,我每次返乡,总被这些不复存在的光景触动。草地无声,不见孩子们踪影,几代人已成熟,这片土地留给了白发苍苍的父母——他们体弱多病,妻离子散,孤苦伶仃,一切有如《北方乡村蓝调》 (“North Country Blues”) 中的一行词。”(Brett Anderson)
2023.8.5
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