新增专业词汇及其用法举例01

aberration 畸变；失常；象差

例句1: There was a stable relationship between the diversity of morphological aberration and stress conditions of the gametophytes[1].

配子体形态畸变多样性与胁迫条件之间存在稳定的关系。

例句2:To trace the effects of extracts on the cell division, we considered necessary to determine the germination capacity, growth rate and chromosomal aberration[2].

我们认为有必要确定萌发能力，生长速率和染色体畸变以追踪提取物对细胞分裂的影响。

[1] XIAO X, CHEN G, ZHANG X, et al. Gametophyte morphological aberration diversity of Chinese Cyatheaceae under different substrate [J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2019, 39(6): 1042-1052.

[2] CIMPEANU M M, GORGAN L, CIMPEANU C S. Cytogenetic effects induced by bark extract from Hippophae rhamnoides on Secale cereale L [J]. Analele Stiintifice ale Universitatii 'Al I Cuza' din Iasi (Serie Noua) Sectiunea II a Genetica si Biologie Moleculara, 2010, 11(4): 135-144.

achiral 非手性的

例句1:Carotenoid microcrystals, extracted from cells of carrot roots and consisting of 95% of achiral beta-carotene, exhibit a very intense chiroptical (ECD and ROA) signal[1].

从胡萝卜根细胞中提取的类胡萝卜素微晶，由95%的非手性的β-胡萝卜素组成，表现出非常强烈的手性（ECD和ROA）信号。

例句2: Metabolism of chiral pesticides in crops is typically studied using achiral analytical methods and, consequently, the stereoisomer composition of residues is unknown[2].

手性农药在作物中的代谢通常使用非手性的分析方法进行研究，因此，残留物的立体异构体组成未知。

[1]DUDEK M, MACHALSKA E, OLESZKIEWICZ T, et al. Chiral Amplification in Nature: Studying Cell-Extracted Chiral Carotenoid Microcrystals via the Resonance Raman Optical Activity of Model Systems [J]. Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 2019, 58(25): 8383-8388.

[2]BUERGE I J, KRAUSS J, LOPEZ-CABEZA R, et al. Stereoselective Metabolism of the Sterol Biosynthesis Inhibitor Fungicides Fenpropidin, Fenpropimorph, and Spiroxamine in Grapes, Sugar Beets, and Wheat [J]. Journal Of Agricultural And Food Chemistry, 2016, 64(26): 5301-5309.

adventitious 不定的，无定形的

例句1: Adventitious roots are a post-embryonic root which arise from the stem and leaves and from non-pericycle tissues in old roots and it is one of the most important ways of vegetative propagation in plants[1].

不定根是胚胎后根，起源于茎叶和旧根中的非周周期组织，是植物营养繁殖的最重要途径之一。

例句2: In Arabidopsis thaliana, adventitious roots form either from hypocotyls, contributing to the root system architecture, or from wounded organs during regeneration[2].

在拟南芥中，不定根要么由下胚轴形成，有助于根系结构，要么来自再生过程中受伤的器官。

[1]LI S W, XUE L G, XU S J, et al. Mediators, Genes and Signaling in Adventitious Rooting [J]. Botanical Review, 2009, 75(2): 230-247.

[2]PAN X, YANG Z F, XU L. Dual roles of jasmonate in adventitious rooting [J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2021, 72(20): 6808-6810.

aerobic 需氧的，旱作的

例句1: The increasing shortage of water resources has led to the development and adoption of aerobic rice system, which saves water input and increases water productivity by reducing water use during land preparation and limiting seepage, percolation, and evaporation[1].

水资源的日益短缺促使旱作水稻系统的开发和使用，该系统通过减少土地准备过程中的水分使用量并限制渗透与蒸发量，节省了水分投入，提高了水分生产力。

例句2: Since the late 1990s, aerobic rice varieties have been released to farmers in the North China Plain to grow rice as a supplementary-irrigated upland crop to cope with water scarcity[2].

20世纪90年代末以来，华北平原的农民开始种植旱地水稻作为补充灌溉的旱地作物，以此应对水资源短缺。

[1]NIE L X, PENG S B, CHEN M X, et al. Aerobic rice for water-saving agriculture. A review [J]. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2012, 32(2): 411-418.

[2]YANG X G, BOUMAN B A M, WANG H Q, et al. Performance of temperate aerobic rice under different water-regimes in North China [J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2005, 74(2): 107-122.

autograft 自体嫁接

例句1: The transmission rate, as revealed by PCR detection of the respective phytoplasma, was 35% for the transmission of PD phytoplasmas from Pyrus to Pyronia compared to 75% for the Pyrus/Pyrus-autograft control, and 52% for the transmission of AP phytoplasmas from Malus toPyronia compared to 90% for the Malus/Malus-autograft control[1].

通过PCR检测各个植原体所揭示的传递率，PD植原体从梨到Pyronia宿主的传递率为35％，而梨/梨自体嫁接的对照为75％，AP植原体从苹果到Pyronia宿主的传递率为52%，而苹果/苹果自体嫁接的对照为90%。

例句2: S. melongena rootstock suppressed the overgrowth and kept vigour similar to that of the control autograft, whereas S. integrifolium and S. torvum rootstocks decreased the growth more than S. melongena[2].

紫茄砧木抑制了过度生长，并保持了与对照自体嫁接植株相似的活力，而红茄和水茄砧木比紫茄砧木更能抑制生长。

[1]JARAUSCH W, LANSAC M, PORTANIER C, et al. In vitro grafting: a new tool to transmit pome fruit phytoplasmas to non-natural fruit tree hosts [J]. Advances in Horticultural Science, 2000, 14(1): 29-32.

[2]ODA M, OKADA K, SASAKI H. Effects of transplant container and Solanum rootstocks on the incidences of overgrowth and unmarketable fruits in tomato plants planted with plug seedlings [J]. Environment Control in Biology, 2000, 38(4): 273-280.