容安馆札记 646-650则（五） 笺释

Cf.《筆精》卷七,《夢闌瑣筆》(quoted in 蔣瑞藻《小說枝談》卷上),《烟嶼樓筆記》卷三, 《景船齋雜記》卷下,《潛研堂金石文字目錄》卷三,《霞外捃屑》卷九,《緣督廬日記鈔》卷五光緒十四年十一月十五日 on 秦貫撰〈鄭崔合葬墓誌〉for a notorious example（举个臭名昭著的例子）. This sort of crticism has flourished as early as the Hellenistic age — witness Strabo’s attempt to prove Homer’s “accuracy” in geography & Eratosthenes’s jibe (recorded by Strabo himself in Geography, II.ii.15: “You will find the scene of the wanderings of Odysseus when you find the cobbler who sewed up the bag of the winds” — “The Loeb Classical Library”, tr. H.L. Jones, I, p. 87).

《老殘游記》第十三回翠環道：「我在二十里鋪的時候，過往客人見的很多，也常有題詩在牆上的。……那些說姐兒們長得好的，無非却是我們眼面前的幾個人，有的連鼻子眼睛還沒有長的周全呢，他們不是比他西施，就是比他王嬙。不是說他沉魚落雁，就是說他閉月羞花。……一定靠不住了。」

Ronsard（龙沙，1524-1585，法国近代抒情诗人）, Amours Diverses（不同的爱情）, XVIII (Oeuv. comp., Pléiade, I, p. 292).（此處僅止於此，引文見下頁（《手稿集》1311 頁）行間。）

Cf. Antoine Furetière（安托万·富雷蒂埃，法兰西诗人）, Le Roman bourgeois（资产阶级小说）, Éd. Porteret, p. 8 (quoted in 第五九七則); cf. Tristram Shandy（项狄传）, Bk. VI, ch. 38 on the looks of the most “concupiscible” widow Wadman: “Sit down, sir, paint her to your own mind — as like your mistress as you can —a s unlike your wife as your conscience will let you — ’tis all one to me — please but your own fancy in it” (Modern Library Ed., p. 426). The poem praised by Lamb in his essay on...（本句中斷於此，但即下文「George Wither」云云。）The Works of Charles & Mary Lamb, ed. E.V. Lucas, I, p. 183: “On the poetical works of George Wither”: “In the Mistress of Philarete, the lover, after a flight of rapturous commendation, expresses his wonder why all men that are about his mistress, do not view her with the same eyes that he does: ‘... / And I therefore wonder why / They do not grow sick & die.’”

Lawrence Durrell（劳伦斯·杜雷尔，1912-1990，英国小说家、诗人、剧作家）, Clea, p. 56: “Nymph? Goddess? Vampire? Yes, she [Justine] was all of these, & none of them. She was, like every woman, everything that the mind of a man... wished to imagine （精灵？女神？吸血鬼？是的，她（贾斯汀）既都是，又都不是。她同每个女人一样，是男人心中想象可能的一切） .... under all these masks there was only another woman, every woman, like a lay figure in a dressmaker’s shop, waiting for the poet to clothe her, breathe life into her... I began to realise with awe the enormous reflexive power of woman — the fecund passivity with which, like the moon, she borrows her second-hand light from the male sun.”

Ronsard’s Hélène has been shown up by Fernand Desonay in his Ronsard, poète de l’amour as a “false prude... & a very plain Jane withall” (MLR, Oct. 1960, p. 603). Carducci: “Ma che ispiratrice di Dante? I grandi poeti s’ ispirano all’anima loro, alla patria, a Dio; e non che le Beatrici gli facciano, son loro che fanno le Beatrici” (Opere, Ed. Nazionale, VVV, p. 155, quoted in N. Busetto, Giosuè Carducci, p. 327).

Thomas Carew: “Ingratefull beauty threatned”: “That killing power is none of thine, / I gave it to thy voyce, and eyes: / Thy sweets, thy graces, all are mine; / ... / Let fools thy mystique forms adore, / I’ll know thee in thy mortall state; / Wise Poets that wrapp’d Truth in tales, / Knew her themselves through all her vailes” (Oxford Bk. of 17th Century Verse, p. 394); Alexander Brome: “Plain Dealing”: “’Twas all but Poetrie. / I could have said as much by any She, / You are not beauteous of your self, but are made so by me” (ib., 727).（彦按，镜子中的你已然不是你，遑论加上滤镜之后又投射到镜子上的你呢？每个人都受经验、认知、审美、价值取向的限制，看到的东西哪怕是同一个也不会是一样的）

Ronsard（龙沙）, Amours Diverses, XVIII: “Chacun me dit, Ronsard, ta Maistresse n’est telle / Comme tu la descris. Certes je n’en sçay rien: / Je suis devenu fol, mon esprit n’est plus mien, / Je ne puis discerner la laide de la belle（每个人都对我说，龙沙，你的房子不是你描述的那样。我当然不知道：/我疯了，我的思想不再是我的了，/我看不出丑陋和美丽）” (Oeuv. comp., Pléiade, I, p. 292); Flaubert（福楼拜）, L’Éducation sentimentale（情感教育）, I. v, Deslauriers trouvait Mme Arnoux “pas mal, sans avoir pourtant rien d’extraordinaire” （戴斯劳尔斯发现阿尔努女士“不错，但似乎也没有什么特别的）(Conard, p. 85).

附录，龙沙的《致埃莱娜十四行诗》 ，

当你垂暮之年，晚上，烛光摇曳，

你坐在炉火边，纺着纱，缠着线，

你吟诵我的诗，发出感慨万千：

“想当年我年青貌美，还曾得到过龙沙的赞美。”

这句话你的使女当时并没有听见，

由于劳累，她双眼朦胧，听到我的名字仍然睡眠安稳，

如泣如诉的诗句不断祝福你，那赞美之词会永远流传。

那时我已长眠地下，成了飘忽不定的幽灵。

在爱神木的树荫下歇息安定；

你则是一个蛰居家中的老妪。

怀念我的爱情，悔恨你的倨傲。

请相信我，你要真正生活，别去等待明天，

就在今天把生命的玫瑰摘去。

彦译：

别后阑珊待暮垂，缠纱经线火光微。应喃故人无题诗，忽忆青春晓梦回。

花期刹那芳华尽，择路进退皆有悔。无那林间窥鹿人，记否携柴酉时归。

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8.8于信阳