爵士黑胶人物谱-Eric Dolphy

以下介绍来自于维基百科（https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Dolphy）：

Eric Allan Dolphy Jr. 生于1928年6月20日，逝世于1964年6月29日。他出生于加州洛杉矶，父母是来自于巴拿马的移民。他自6岁起学习古典音乐，乐器是单簧管和萨克斯，展现出了音乐方面的天赋。1946年他已经是Westminster Presbyterian Church青年合唱团的联合总监了（教堂的神父是Hampton B. Hawes，也就是Hampton Hawes的父亲）。

1950年Dolphy参军，1952年进入海军音乐学院学习，1953年退役。他回到家乡洛杉矶，和当地的乐手诸如 Buddy Collette, Eddie Beal, 和Gerald Wilson都有合作。他父亲在家里建造了一个录音室，他的朋友经常过来和他Jam。包括1954年他和Clifford Brown的录音。

1958年他加入Chico Hamilton的五重奏，58到59年他们全国巡演，之后Dolphy离开乐队搬去了纽约市。1960年他加入Charles Mingus的爵士工作室，参与了 Pre-Bird 等专辑的录制。Mingus评价Dolphy“他是一名完全音乐人。。既能在大乐队里Lead萨克斯，也能在古典乐队里演奏。。当他solo的时候，他又完全是自己的风格。。他对爵士有着全然的掌握，他演奏的各种乐器都是大师水准。”

Dolphy和John Coltrane 早就相识。1954年Coltrane与Johnny Hodges到洛杉矶演出时候与Dolphy合作。他俩在音乐上互相促进和启发。1961年Dolphy成为Coltrane五重奏的正式成员。但是他们在音乐领域的探索遭到了当时评论家的冷嘲热讽。比如Downbeat就曾说他们的音乐是“反爵士”，还说ColtraneheDolphy根本对音乐一窍不通。

Dolphy还和小号手Booker Little有过短暂的合作。Little在Candid发行的Out Front里，Dolophy担纲萨克斯。Dolphy在Prestige的Far Cry里面，Little也有出演。

Dolphy还和George Russell (Ezz-thetics), Oliver Nelson (Screamin' the Blues, The Blues and the Abstract Truth, and Straight Ahead), 和Ornette Coleman (Free Jazz: A Collective Improvisation合作了一系列重要专辑。

作为Leader Dolphy作为Lead的生涯在Prestige开始，从1960年4月到1961年9月期间录制了13张专辑。他的前两张专辑分别是“Outward Bound”和“Out There”，封面设计都由Richard "Prophet" Jennings操刀。“Outward Bound”由RVG录音，他和来自新泽西的小号手Freddie Hubbard合作，他俩曾经是室友。

1964年Dolphy签约Blue Note，录制了Out to Lunch!。他与Freddie Hubbard, Bobby Hutcherson, Richard Davis Tony Williams合作，这张专辑也标志着他的个人风格日臻成熟。

远赴欧洲

在录制了Out to Lunch! 并与钢琴家Andrew Hill合作了Point of Departure之后，Dolphy在1964年上半年与Charles Mingus六重奏（包括Jaki Byard, Johnny Coles,和Clifford Jordan）先是在纽约的Five Spot，康奈尔大学和Town Hall表演，之后乐队踏上了欧洲之旅。由于对于美国听众对于 新事物接纳能力的失望，还有他遇见了未婚妻Joyce Mordecai，他决定在巡演结束之后留在欧洲发展。Mingus还做了一首"So Long Eric"作为纪念。

Dolphy在欧洲和一帮和他一样赴欧的美国乐手，例如Donald Byrd和Nathan Davis都有合作。

1964年6月底，Dolphy和Karl Berger三重奏到西柏林The Tangent俱乐部参加开业庆典，由于糖尿病的原因晕倒了（有说他在酒店晕倒的，也有说在台上晕倒的），送到医院之后，当地医生因为他是黑人爵士乐手，刻板地认为他是嗑药过量（其实他烟酒药都不沾），使用了错误的药物，29日Dolphy由于胰岛素引发的休克逝世。

Dolphy被安葬在洛杉矶的Angelus-Rosedale公墓，他的墓志铭上书"He Lives In His Music."。

专辑列表

1964年6月之前

• 1960: Outward Bound (New Jazz, 1960)
• 1960: Caribé with The Latin Jazz Quintet (New Jazz, 1961)
• 1960: Out There (New Jazz, 1961)
• 1960: Far Cry (New Jazz, 1962)
• 1961: At the Five Spot, Vol. 1 (New Jazz, 1961) – live
• 1961: At the Five Spot, Vol. 2 (Prestige, 1963) – live
• 1963: Conversations (FM, 1963) – also released as Music Matador (Affinity)

1964年6月之后

• 1959–60: Hot & Cool Latin (Blue Moon, 1996)
• 1960–61: Candid Dolphy (Candid, 1989) – alternate takes from sessions as a sideman
• 1960–61: Fire Waltz (Prestige, 1978)[2LP] – reissue of Ken McIntyre's Looking Ahead (New Jazz, 1961) and Mal Waldron's The Quest (New Jazz, 1962)
• 1960–61: Dash One (Prestige, 1982) – out-takes & previously unissued
• 1961: Memorial Album: Recorded Live At the Five Spot (Prestige, 1965) – live
• 1961: The Berlin Concerts (enja, 1978) – live
• 1961: The Complete Uppsala Concert (Jazz Door, 1993) – initially unofficial
• 1960–61: Here and There (Prestige, 1966) – live
• 1961: Eric Dolphy in Europe, Vol. 1 (Prestige, 1964) – live
• 1961: Eric Dolphy in Europe, Vol. 2 (Prestige, 1965) – live
• 1961: Eric Dolphy in Europe, Vol. 3 (Prestige, 1965) – live. also released as Copenhagen Concert with Eric Dolphy in Europe, Vol. 1.
• 1961: Stockholm Sessions (Enja, 1981)
• 1961: 1961 (Jazz Connoisseur, ?) – live in Munich. also released as Live in Germany (Stash); Softly, As in a Morning Sunrise (Natasha Imports); Munich Jam Session December 1, 1961 by Eric Dolphy Quartet with McCoy Tyner (RLR).[93]
• 1962: Eric Dolphy Quintet featuring Herbie Hancock: Complete Recordings (Lone Hill Jazz, 2004) – also released as Live In New York (Stash); Left Alone (Absord); Gaslight 1962 (Get Back)
• 1963: The Illinois Concert (Blue Note, 1999) – live
• 1962–63: Vintage Dolphy (GM Recordings/enja, 1986) – live
• 1963: Iron Man (Douglas International, 1968) – both Conversations and Iron Man were released as Jitterbug Waltz (Douglas , 1976)[2LP]; Musical Prophet: The Expanded 1963 New York Studio Sessions (Resonance, 2019)[3CD].
• 1964: Out to Lunch! (Blue Note, 1964)
• 1964: Last Date (Fontana, 1964) – for radio program at Hilversum
• 1964: Naima (Jazzway/West Wind, 1988) – for ORTF radio program at Paris
• Compilation: Unrealized Tapes (West Wind) – recorded in 1964 for ORTF radio program at Paris. also released as Last Recordings and The Complete Last Recordings In Hilversum & Paris 1964 (Domino).
• Compilation: Other Aspects (Blue Note, 1987) – recorded in 1960 & 64

作为Side

和John Coltrane

• Olé Coltrane (Atlantic, 1961)
• Africa/Brass (Impulse!, 1961)
• Live! at the Village Vanguard (Impulse!, 1962) – rec. 1961
• Impressions (Impulse!, 1963)
• The Complete 1961 Village Vanguard Recordings (Impulse!, 1997) – rec. 1961
• Live Trane: The European Tours (Pablo, 2001) – rec. 1961–63
• The Complete Copenhagen Concert (Magnetic, -) /Complete 1961 Copenhagen Concert (Gambit, 2009) – rec. 1961
• So Many Things: The European Tour 1961 (Acrobat, 2015) – rec. 1961
• Evenings at the Village Gate: John Coltrane with Eric Dolphy (Impulse!, 2023) – rec. 1961

和Chico Hamilton

• 1958: The Chico Hamilton Quintet with Strings Attached (Warner Bros., 1959)
• 1958: Gongs East! (Warner Bros., 1959)
• 1958: The Original Ellington Suite (Pacific Jazz, 2000)
• 1959: The Three Faces of Chico (Warner Bros., 1959)
• 1959: That Hamilton Man (SESAC, 1959)

和John Lewis

• 1960: The Wonderful World of Jazz (Atlantic, 1961)
• 1960: Jazz Abstractions (Atlantic, 1961)
• 1960–62: Essence (Atlantic, 1965)

和Charles Mingus

• 1960: Charles Mingus Presents Charles Mingus (Candid, 1960)
• 1960: Pre-Bird (Mercury, 1961) – aka Mingus Revisited
• 1960: Mingus (Candid, 1961)
• 1960: Mingus at Antibes (Atlantic, 1976) – live
• 1962: The Complete Town Hall Concert (Blue Note, 1994) – live
• 1963: Mingus Mingus Mingus Mingus Mingus (Impulse!, 1964)
• 1964: Town Hall Concert (Jazz Workshop, 1964) – live
• 1964: The Great Concert of Charles Mingus (America, 1971) – live
• 1964: Mingus in Europe Volume I (Enja, 1980) – live
• 1964: Mingus in Europe Volume II (Enja, 1983) – live
• 1964: Revenge! (Revenge, 1996) – live
• 1964: Cornell 1964 (Blue Note, 2007) – live

和Oliver Nelson

• Screamin' the Blues (New Jazz, 1961) – rec. 1960
• The Blues and the Abstract Truth (Impulse!, 1961)
• Straight Ahead (New Jazz, 1961)

和Orchestra U.S.A.

• Debut (Colpix, 1963)
• Mack the Knife and Other Berlin Theatre Songs of Kurt Weill (RCA Victor, 1964)

其他

• Clifford Brown, Clifford Brown + Eric Dolphy – Together: Recorded live at Dolphy's home, 1954 (Rare Live, 2005)
• Ron Carter, Where? (New Jazz, 1961)
• Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis, Trane Whistle (Prestige, 1960)
• Sammy Davis Jr., I Gotta Right to Swing (Decca, 1960)
• Phil Diaz, The Latin Jazz Quintet (United Artists, 1961)
• Benny Golson, Pop + Jazz = Swing (Audio Fidelity, 1961)
• Ted Curson, Plenty of Horn (Old Town, 1961)
• Gil Evans, The Individualism of Gil Evans (Verve, 1964) – rec. 1963–64
• Andrew Hill, Point of Departure (Blue Note, 1965) – rec. 1964
• Freddie Hubbard, The Body & the Soul (Impulse!, 1963)
• Abbey Lincoln, Straight Ahead (Candid, 1961)
• Booker Little, Out Front (Candid, 1961)
• Ken McIntyre, Looking Ahead (New Jazz, 1961)
• Pony Poindexter, Pony's Express (Epic, 1962)
• Max Roach, Percussion Bitter Sweet (Impulse!, 1961)
• George Russell, Ezz-thetics (Riverside, 1961)
• Mal Waldron, The Quest (New Jazz, 1962) – rec. 1961

-完-