孕妇要补充DHA吗？看看2024年最新指南
有一部分朋友认为孕妇DHA是个智商税，我之前写过一篇《孕妇补充DHA是不是交智商税？》详细介绍了孕妇服用DHA的健康益处和必要性。
https://pixabay.com/zh/photos/pregnancy-heart-woman-pregnant-7214373/
DHA（Docosahexaenoic Acid），中文全称是“二十二碳六烯酸”，属于ω-3必需脂肪酸。所谓“必需”，就是人体自身不能合成，得外源性地从食物中摄取。二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）是人脑和眼睛中的主要结构脂肪，约占大脑中所有omega-3脂肪的97％和视网膜中所有omega-3脂肪的93％。
DHA对于胎儿在晚期和18个月以内的大脑和视网膜的胎儿发育特别重要。
在胚胎后期（孕晚期，29孕周以后），胎儿的神经系统快速发育，推高了对DHA的需求，如果母体在这个时期缺乏DHA，无法充分供给胎儿，那么胎儿的神经系统发育就可能受阻，表现为出生后认知功能低于常人。
https://pixabay.com/zh/photos/capsules-pills-health-medicine-1079838/
孕期营养补充看似简单，实则需要科学指导，一定要定期产检，及时咨询医生。
参考：
1.孕前和孕期主要微量营养素补充专家共识（2024）[J]. 中华妇产科杂志, 2024, 59(10): 737-746.
2.Suzanne M, Karen S. Docosahexaenoic acid and neurodevelopmental outcome of term infants. Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism 2016;69(suppl 1):23-28.
3.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2621042/ Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation During Pregnancy
4.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3046737/ Jaclyn M Coletta, Stacey J Bell, Ashley S Roman. Omega-3 Fatty acids and pregnancy. Rev Obstet Gynecol. Fall 2010;3(4):163-71.
5.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1717175/ C Agostoni, S Trojan, R Bellu, E Riva, M G Bruzzese, M Giovannini. Developmental quotient at 24 months and fatty acid composition of diet in early infancy: a follow up study. Arch Dis Child. 1997 May;76(5):421-4. doi: 10.1136/adc.76.5.421.
6.https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/85/6/1572/4633030 Michelle P Judge, Ofer Harel, Carol J Lammi-Keefe.
Maternal consumption of a docosahexaenoic acid–containing functional food during pregnancy: benefit for infant performance on problem-solving but not on recognition memory tasks at age 9 mo.The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 85, Issue 6, June 2007, Pages 1572–1577
7.中国孕产妇及婴幼儿补充DHA共识专家组.中国孕产妇及婴幼儿补充DHA的专家共识.中国生育健康杂志 2015;26(2);99-101.
8.Helland IB, Smith L, Saarem K, et al. Maternal supplementation with very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation augments children’s IQ at 4 years of age. Pediatrics. 2003;111:e39–e44.
9. Dunstan JA, Simmer K, Dixon G, et al. Cognitive assessment of children at age 2(1/2) years after maternal fish oil supplementation in pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2008;93:F45–F50.
10. Innis SM, Friesen RW. Essential n-3 fatty acids in pregnant women and early visual acuity maturation in term infants. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87:548–557.
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