因deepl有1500字符字數翻譯限制，我把後半部分忘記漏翻了。

At the same time, black powder began to assume its definitive form with the appearance of corning, the process of compounding the ingredients wet and forming the powder into grains. With full hindsight, the ballistic advantages of corned powder are clear. Since the decomposition reaction spreads more rapidly from grain to grain than within the grain by a factor of about 150, corned powder develops its propulsive force far more quickly than a tightly packed charge of dry-mixed, or serpentine, powder. Gunners were slow to exploit this advantage, not least of all because fast-burning corned powder could cause guns designed for serpentine to explode. Perhaps more to the point, the inspiration that led to corning had nothing to do with ballistic performance. In its earliest form the process involved pressing moistened powder into small cakes or lumps to reduce the surface area exposed to atmospheric moisture in order to extend shelf life. Before use, the lumps were broken up into crumbs which, serendipitously, allowed the decomposition reaction to proceed more rapidly.38 Recognition that crumb powder was “stronger” then led to the development of corned powder. How rapidly corning was perfected and how quickly the process assumed its final form, in which the grains are tumbled in drums to give them spherical form and sieved for uniformity of size, is unclear. The earliest record of a precursor process dates from 1411, and a fuller description is given in an edition of the gunner’s manual Das Feuerwerkbuch dating from about 1420.39

与此同时，随着粒化corning 的問世appearance ，黑火藥black powder 开始呈现出assume 其最终形式，即把成分混合湿润并使火藥粉末powder 形成顆粒grains 的过程。事后看来，粒化藥corned powder 的弹道优势显而易见。由于分解反应在顆粒同顆粒之间的扩散速度比在火药颗粒内部的扩散速度要快约 150 倍，因此粒化藥corned powder 的推进力propulsive force 比密集綑凑的tightly packed 干式混合dry-mixed 裝填藥charge 或者說蛇銃藥serpentine 的要快得多。炮手们迟迟未能利用这一优势，至少原因之一在於not least of all because 快速燃烧的粒化藥corned powder 可能导致为蛇銃藥设计的炮guns 爆炸。也许更重要的是，导致粒化corning 的灵感与弹道性能ballistic performance无关。最早的工艺是将濡湿的火藥粉末压成小饼或塊體lumps ，以减少暴露在大气湿气中的表面积，从而延长保质期。在使用前，将塊體lumps 打碎成碎屑crumbs ，这样就能使分解反应decomposition reaction 更快地进行38。后来，人们认识到碎屑藥crumb powder “更強”，導致了顆粒藥corned powder 的發展。目前还不清楚粒化是如何迅速完善，多久便達成其最终形式，即把颗粒放在滚筒中滚动，使其呈球形，然后过筛，使其大小一致的。最早的前驅工藝precursor process 记录可追溯到 1411 年，而更全面的描述则见于约 1420 年出版的炮手手册《Das Feuerwerkbuch》39。