译诗和考据:托马斯·戴维斯《芬尼之花》
芬尼之花
托马斯•奥斯本•戴维斯
明红的太阳高悬在希林湖上, 山间悄悄吹来的清风柔和凉爽, 小岛周围泛起了美丽的涟漪, 但一切都不及芬尼之花那般美丽。
她的头发如黑夜,眼如灰色的清晨, 踉跄在帚石南丛中,仿佛不愿触碰。 但她的心灵和双唇如五月般温柔, 芬尼之花,甜美的艾莉·麦克马洪。
谁比红鹿更轻快地往山腰下奔走? 是谁沿湖边跑来,急于向她问候? 只有弗格斯·奥法雷,热烈快乐的青年, 爱人和骄傲,在芬尼之花的心间。
亲吻、拥抱,热切而欣悦的目光; 唉!他们怎么转瞬间变得悲伤? 他诉说了无情的命运,他不能再淹留, 只得辞别可怜的艾莉,在芬尼悲伤泪流。
因为弗格斯·奥法雷对祖国满腔赤诚, 而暴政将他逼上远离爱尔兰的征程; 他加入了军旅,奔赴远方的战场, 但他发誓会回到芬尼之花的身旁。
他在克雷莫纳作战——他的故事她已知晓; 在卡萨诺作战——她为他的荣誉而骄傲。 但她整日将征妇曲悲伤地吟唱, “哦!回来吧,我的爱人,回到芬尼的家乡。”
八个漫长的年头让她濒临心碎, 无心起舞,线轴纱杆也落满尘灰; 她随“野鹅”启航,去弗兰德斯寻找, 留下悲伤的父母在芬尼的空巢。
克莱尔子爵在拉米伊战场上冲锋—— 在他前方,逼近了英国人的军阵—— 克拉瓦军在他的身后展开了队列—— 为芬尼呼喊的弗格斯策马走在身边。
若杜瓦涅的山坡上法军已经逃逸, 克莱尔子爵和将士却还在奋勇抗敌, 他们寡不敌众,负伤列队撤离; 满身鲜血的弗格斯仍思念着芬尼。
在伊普尔的修道院,一面旗帜飘举, 旁边祈祷着一位苍白、啜泣的少女; 那军旗是拉米伊之战唯一的纪念品; 那修女就是芬尼之花,可怜的艾莉。
*背景相关: 信奉天主教的英国国王詹姆斯二世在“光荣革命”(1688)中被迫逊位后,辗转于法国、爱尔兰,谋求复辟,得到路易十四支持。夺位的威廉三世(奥兰治的威廉)随后征讨反抗的苏格兰、爱尔兰等地,在1690年7月1日于博因之战(Battle of the Boyne)击败雅各布派(詹姆斯二世党人)。爱尔兰的雅各布派统帅帕特里克·萨斯菲尔德收拢败军,在利默里克(Limerick)组织防御,并于八月在巴里尼蒂(Ballyneety)成功袭击了威廉的炮兵辎重。
1691年末,威廉三世面对欧陆的反对,急于结束爱尔兰的战事以抽调兵力至欧洲,在10月3日签订了《利默里克条约》,赦免反抗者,保障信仰自由,允许爱尔兰军队自由行动,等等。两天后法军舰队抵达香农河,力促萨斯菲尔德撕毁条约,但遭到拒绝,后者带领约一万一千人(一说两万,包括所有骑兵)加入法军赴欧陆作战,此即“爱尔兰旅”(The Irish Brigade)。讽刺的是,不到两个月后,英方撕毁了条约。爱尔兰旅的一句冲锋口号是:“Cuimnidh ar Luimneach agus ar Feall na Sasanach(铭记利默里克和英国人的背叛)!”。
据估计,此后的一个世纪里约有至少五十万爱尔兰人效力于法军并阵亡,其中不少人是为了寻求对抗英国。来西海岸走私酒类的法国船只会带走为爱尔兰旅征召的兵员,在海关文件上只写“野鹅”,故此有“野鹅军团”(Wild Geese)之称。爱尔兰旅的不少部队参与了持续13年、蔓延全欧洲的西班牙继承战争(1701-1714),在意大利(如克雷莫纳,1701-1702)、西班牙、弗兰德斯等地作战,克莱尔子爵查尔斯·奥布莱恩(Charles O’Brien, Viscount of Clare)的部队也在其中。拉米伊之战(1706,因此诗中的弗格斯应该是在1698前离乡)中,法军被英荷联军击败(诗中的克拉瓦军指法军中的克罗地亚部队[Croats],他们标志性的围巾是现代领巾[cravat]的前身),奥布莱恩在掩护法军撤退时牺牲,但他的部队夺回了先前被英军夺走的军旗。比利时伊普尔的一位修女是奥布莱恩的亲戚,继任指挥官将军旗交予她保管。现存于爱尔兰的凯利莫修道院(Kylemore Abbey)。

The Flower of Finae
I. Bright red is the sun on the waves of Lough Sheelin, A cool, gentle breeze from the mountain is stealing, While fair round its islets the small ripples play, But fairer than all is the Flower of Finae.
II. Her hair is like night, and her eyes like grey morning, She trips on the heather as if its touch scorning, Yet her heart and her lips are as mild as May day, Sweet Eily MacMahon, the Flower of Finae.
III. But who down the hill-side than red deer runs fleeter? And who on the lake-side is hastening to greet her? Who but Fergus O’Farrell, the fiery and gay, The darling and pride of the Flower of Finae?
IV. One kiss and one clasp, and one wild look of gladness; Ah! why do they change on a sudden to sadness?— He has told his hard fortune, no more he can stay, He must leave his poor Eily to pine at Finae.
V. For Fergus O’Farrell was true to his sire-land, And the dark hand of tyranny drove him from Ireland; He joins the Brigade, in the wars far away, But he vows he’ll come back to the Flower of Finae.
VI. He fought at Cremona—she hears of his story; He fought at Cassano—she’s proud of his glory. Yet sadly she sings Siúbhail a rúin all the day, “Oh! come, come, my darling, come home to Finae.”
VII. Eight long years have passed, till she’s nigh broken-hearted, Her reel, and her rock, and her flax she has parted; She sails with the “Wild Geese” to Flanders away, And leaves her sad parents alone in Finae.
VIII. Lord Clare on the field of Ramillies is charging— Before him, the Sacsanach squadrons enlarging— Behind him the Cravats their sections display— Beside him rides Fergus and shouts for Finae.
IX. On the slopes of La Judoigne the Frenchmen are flying Lord Clare and his squadrons the foe still defying, Outnumbered, and wounded, retreat in array; And bleeding rides Fergus and thinks of Finae.
X. In the cloisters of Ypres a banner is swaying, And by it a pale, weeping maiden is praying; That flag’s the sole trophy of Ramillies’ fray; This nun is poor Eily, the Flower of Finae.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Patrick-Sarsfield
https://www.libraryireland.com/HistoryIreland/Treaty-Limerick.php
https://thewildgeese.irish/page/the-wild-geese-history
O’Higgins, Paul. “The Treaty of Limerick 1691.” Studies in the History of the Law of Nations, Springer, 1970, pp. 212-32.
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